With the development of renewable energy sources,emerging energy storage systems have received a lot of attention. Sodium-on batteries have attracted extensive attention in the field of large-scale energy storage due to their abundant sources, safety,low cost,environmental friendliness and ease of use.The cathode materials of sodium-ion batteries affect the key properties of the battery such as energy density,cycling performance and multiplication characteristics.Currently,three cathode materials for sodium ion batteries have entered the industrialization horizon,namely layered transition metal oxides,polyanionic compounds and Prussian blue compounds.This paper summarizes the classification,properties,and research progress of main cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries,and anticipates the prospect of the potential research.

Controlling the use of fossil fuels and promoting the development of alternative new and clean energy sources is consistent with the theme of synergistic development between resource development and environmental protection. As a green energy source with high energy density, nuclear energy can be widely applied to alleviate the energy shortage in our country. The proven uranium resource content in seawater is more than 1 000 times higher than that in uranium mines. Extracting uranium from seawater is a potential way to ensure the long?term supply of uranium resource and the sustainable development of nuclear power. Adsorption has emerged as one of the effective methods for extracting uranium from seawater due to its advantages of high adsorption efficiency, simple operation, low cost, and environmentally friendly. However, the adsorption faces a number of challenges when extracting uranium from seawater, such as the extremely low concentrations of uranium in seawater and their stable existence in the form of Ca₂UO₂(CO₃)₃ or [UO₂(CO₃)₃]^4-, as well as a large variety and quantity of coexisting ions. Therefore, the preparation of high?performance adsorbents to achieve efficient and selective separation and enrichment of uranium in seawater is one of the important research topics in the field of environmental science. In this review, the types of adsorbents for uranium extraction from seawater and the performance enhancement strategies of their properties are briefly introduced, with the aim of helping researchers in this field design promising adsorbents for practical seawater uranium extraction.

Plastics are synthetic or natural polymers that are widely used in industrial fields and daily life due to its good durability and plasticity.Among plastics,polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the most commonly used.Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the commonly used plastics,which is widely used in many fields.PET is difficult to be degraded under natural circumstances without artificial treatment,which brings serious burden to the ecosystems,so the issue of degradation and regeneration of PET plastics has become a hot issue globally.Many methods such as photodegradation,thermal degradation,biodegradation,etc.,have been developed to degrade plastics.Among them,biodegradation is considered as environmental friendly and highly efficient method.Thus,the design and transformation of PET degradation has become a key issue.The main methods for degrading plastics at the present stage,the common enzymes used for degrading PET by biodegradation methods and the modification methods of PET degrading enzymes are reviewed,to provide a theoretical basis for the rapid degradation and regeneration of PET.

In the context of addressing the energy crisis and realizing environmental sustainability, energy storage systems have received much attention. With the challenges posed by the rapid depletion of lithium resources and its uneven distribution, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with similar electrochemical properties have gradually become a research hotspot. Hard carbon (HC) materials have become one of the highly promising anode materials for SIBs due to their abundance of resources, cost-effectiveness and high carbon conversion. Coal-based hard carbon (CHC) has become one of the competitive materials in HC precursors due to its low cost and high carbon conversion. This article reviews recent research on the preparation strategies, optimization modifications, and electrochemical properties of coal-based hard carbon materials. Furthermore, we discuss the development prospects and research directions for coal-based hard carbon materials.

The continuous increase in carbon emissions and the escalating severity of environmental issues, it has become a global focus of attention to explore feasible solutions. Converting CO₂ into useful fuels or chemicals through photocatalysis and electrocatalysis has garnered significant interest. TiO₂ is highly favored for its stable chemical properties, high catalytic activity, low cost, non?toxicity, and environmental friendliness. This review provides an overview of the reaction mechanisms involved in photocatalytic CO₂ reduction and electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction. It emphasizes the key applications and advantages of TiO₂ in these processes, investigates the influence of different surface modification technologies on the catalytic performance of TiO₂, explores how different morphologies of TiO₂ affect the catalytic activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction, and discusses strategies for enhancing the catalytic performance of TiO₂?based. The overview not only contributes to the existing body of knowledge through additional experimental and theoretical research on the mechanism of titanium dioxide but also provides a scientific basis for the achievement of sustainable carbon conversion processes.

With the rise of electric revolution and the establishment of "carbon dioxide emission and carbon neutrality" strategy, petroleum coke has got great development in value?added applications such as lithium cathode materials and high?grade prebaked anode.However,high value?added applications of petroleum coke all have strict requirements for sulfur content of petroleum coke. The high sulfur content in petroleum coke will have a negative impact on the high value application of petroleum coke.The research status of main desulphurization technologies of petroleum coke,including solvent extraction desulfurization technology,high temperature calcination desulfurization technology,oxidation desulfurization technology, alkali metal compound desulfurization technology,hydrodesulfurization technology,microbial desulfurization technology and process intensification auxiliary desulfurization technology are summarized.It was found that the desulphurisation rate of process?enhanced assisted desulphurisation could reach 93.6%,which could reduce the sulphur mass fraction in petroleum coke from 7.57% to 0.48%. The desulfurization technology of petroleum coke should maintain the principle that the structure of petroleum coke after desulfurization is not destroyed to the greatest extent.Therefore,oxidative desulfurization coupled process enhancement assisted desulfurization should have bright prospect in industrial application of petroleum coke desulphurization.

The high nickel cathode material LiNi _x Co _y Mn_1-x-y O₂(x≥0.6,NCM) is considered to be one of the most valuable cathode materials for lithium?ion batteries due to its low cost,high energy density and long service life.Although the high nickel content leads to a significant increase in the specific capacity and energy density of NCM,the increase in nickel content leads to poor cycling and thermal stability,which severely limits its practical application.Doping modification is an effective strategy to improve the structural stability and electrochemical performance of NCM.In this review,the common doping preparation methods of NCM are first described in detail.Subsequently,the effects of various doped elements on the lithium storage,rate performance and cycling performance of NCM were systematically analyzed.Finally,the development and future challenges of NCM are prospected,which is expected to provide an important reference for the application of NCM.

Powder electrocatalysts usually need adhesives for electrocatalytic performance testing,resulting in an increase in resistance,a decrease in catalyst load,and easy stripping of the catalyst under long-time testing.Ce-doped CoFe layered bimetallic hydroxides were uniformly grown on carbon cloth by one-step hydrothermal method,and the adhesive-free Ce-CoFe-P@CC self-supporting electrocatalyst was obtained by further phosphating treatment.It was characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM,N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm and XPS,and its electrocatalytic OER performance was tested.The results show that the synthesized electrode material has regular thin nanosheet morphology,and the length and thickness of the nanoflake are 2.50 μm and 0.05 μm, respectively.The doping of Ce and P optimizes the electronic structure of CoFe-LDH,promotes the charge transfer,increases the catalytically active site,and improves the durability of the electrode.The Ce-CoFe-P@CC only needs an overpotential of 187 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm²,showing excellent OER catalytic performance.

Nickel?iron (NiFe)?based transition metal catalysts have garnered significant attention in recent years for their excellent electrocatalytic performance,particularly in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).However, the catalytic efficiency of NiFe?based transition metal catalysts still has a certain gap compared with precious metal Ru or Ir, so it is necessary to modify it.Research has shown that defect engineering can effectively enhance the OER catalytic activity of NiFe?based transition metal catalysts.The types of defects in NiFe?based transition metal catalysts, the characterization methods, and the methods for constructing defect materials are summarized, and an overview the research progress of the OER study of defect?type NiFe?based transition metal catalysts is given; the challenges of defect engineering to improve the OER performance are discussed and prospects for future development are proposed.

The development of clean and renewable energy technologies is seen as the key to addressing energy and environmental issues.Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays key roles in storage intermittent energy,such as solar and wind,from water splitting.Recently, OER under neutral conditions receives considerable interests due to its environmental friendliness.However,the efficiency of OER under neutral environment is far below that under alkaline or acidic condition.In this review,the current researchers' understanding of the mechanism of OER under mild pH conditions is firstly outlined.Thereafter,several important characterisation techniques for in situ tracking of the electrocatalytic process of OER are presented,which is crucial to reveal the OER mechanism under neutral conditions.Moreover,an overview over catalytic materials towards neutral OER,including Co?,Ni?,and Mn?based catalysts,is provided.Finally,a brief outlook on the remaining challenges and possible strategies for promoting neutral OER is given.

As a classic non?metallic semiconductor photocatalyst, graphite phase carbon nitride material （g?C₃N₄） has attracted widespread attention in recent years due to its stable physical and chemical properties, reasonable band structure, low cost, easy availability, safety, and pollution?free advantages. It has good application and development prospects in the fields of environmental protection, purification and energy catalysis. However, the utilization of g?C₃N₄ in studies is significantly hampered by its tiny specific surface area, limited absorption of visible light, and high rate of recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. The basic structure, characteristics and main modifications of g?C₃N₄ are reviewed, covering modification means such as elemental doping, morphological modulation, noble metal deposition and the practical applications of g?C₃N₄ in recent years at home and abroad.

Graphite phase carbon nitride(g?C₃N₄), as an environmentally benign semiconductor material, has good application prospects in photocatalysis. However, the disadvantages of pure g?C₃N₄ such as small specific surface area and difficult separation of photogenerated carriers will limit its photocatalytic performance, which will restrict its large?scale application.From the synthetic methods and modification strategies, the research progress of g?C₃N₄ photocatalysts by researchers in recent years is reviewed, and the development of g?C₃N₄ photocatalysts in the fields of degradation of pollutants in water treatment, H₂ and H₂O₂ production is summarised, and it can be found that the performance of the modified g?C₃N₄ photocatalysts has been greatly improved.Finally,the development direction of g?C₃N₄ photocatalyst is prospected.

Cobalt?based catalyst is regarded as a suitable choice for Fischer?Tropsch synthesis (FTS) due to its high activity and strong C—C bond formation ability. FTS reaction mechanism of Co?based catalysts was summarised, and the structure of the active phase as well as the conformational relationship between additives and catalytic performance were analysed. For clarifying the role of catalyst supports, the promotion of FTS reaction via regulating metal?carrier interaction was also summarized. Specially, the direct synthesis of liquid fuel by coupling metal Co with zeolite catalyst was discussed, and the reaction route for liquid fuel and the character of as?used bifunctional catalyst were focused.

With the significant increase in the price of lithium?ion batteries,low-cost,energy-efficient sodium-ion batteries have attracted widespread attention.As a bridge connecting the positive and negative materials of sodium ion batteries,the electrolyte plays a crucial role.The first coulomb efficiency,cycle stability and rate performance of sodium?ion batteries can be effectively improved by constructing suitable electrolytic liquid system for different electrode materials.In this paper,the research progress of various electrolyte additives in sodium?ion battery systems,the formation mechanism of interface film and the future research direction of electrolyte additives have been discussed.

Sodium metal has the advantages of abundant sources,low cost and uniform distribution,so sodium-ion batteries are considered to be one of the most promising large-scale energy storage systems.The cathode material in sodium-ion batteriesis a critical factor affecting both the electrochemical performance and production cost of the battery.Layered transition metal oxides have attracted significant attention because of their high energy density,simple synthesis method and environmental friendliness. This paper provides a comprehensive summary and review of the research on layered cathode materials from the perspective of their composition structure,phase transition mechanism,charge compensation mechanism,and modification strategies,which reveal the key factors limiting the improvement of the electrochemical performance of layered cathode materials,analyzing the effective means to inhibit phase transition process and the rational design to enhance the reversibility of anion redox reaction.Furthermore, this paper offers an outlook on future development trend.

Sodium?ion batteries are considered a promising alternative to lithium?ion and lead?acid batteries, offering a balance between performance and cost?effectiveness for applications requiring moderate energy density and low cost. Hard carbon stands out as the most promising anode material for sodium?ion batteries, with the majority of scholars attributing its sodium storage capacity primarily to its porous structure. However, characterization techniques for this porous structure are currently very limited. This hinders in?depth analysis of the hard carbon pore structure and makes it more difficult to design performance enhancement strategies. This review provides an overview of current methods for characterizing the pore structure of hard carbon, including transmission electron microscopy, gas adsorption, X?ray small angle scattering, and helium true density testing. The combined use of these methods helps accurately characterize the pore structure of hard carbon and provides research ideas and technical support for the design of high?performance hard carbon anodes.

The use of solar photocatalytic degradation of pollutants is one of the most promising technologies to solve water pollution problems and achieve solar energy conversion. By changing the amount of g-C₃N₄ added, g-C₃N₄/Co₃O₄ catalysts with different g-C₃N₄ mass fractions are prepared based on the calcination method with cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co（NO₃)₂-6H₂O) and urea (NH₄CNO) as raw materials. The samples are analyzed and characterized using X-ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and ultraviolet visible absorption spectroscopy （UV-vis DRS）. To speculate on the active species of the catalyst, capture agent experiments are conducted on it. The results indicate that the synergistic effect between g-C₃N₄ and Co₃O₄ can improve the transfer and separation efficiency of charge carriers at the interface between the two phases. Under visible light, the degradation effect of 10% g-C₃N₄/Co₃O₄ is the best, with a degradation rate of 66.50%, which is higher than the degradation effect of single Co₃O₄ （degradation rate of 35.90%）. The active species of the catalyst are mainly superoxide radicals（·O₂-） and holes（h⁺）. After compounding with g-C₃N₄, the drawbacks of Co₃O₄ electron hole pair, such as too fast recombination and a deficient energy level structure, are improved, providing ideas for the degradation of organic pollutants in the future.

Heterogeneous Mn₃O₄/CuMnO₂ catalyst CMO-A is prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method using cupric chloride dihydrate and manganese chloride tetrahydrate as raw materials.The composition of the samples prepared at different temperatures is analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis.Using mercury lamp as light source and 50 mg/L Rhodamine B(RhB) solution as contaminant model,the photo-Fenton reaction performance of the prepared CMO-A sample is tested.The results show that CMO-150 has the best degradation effect on RhB solution when the reaction temperature is 150 ℃,and the degradation rate reaches 98.01% when the reaction time is 15 min.The optimal reaction conditions and cyclic stability of CMO-150 catalyst are investigated.The experimental results show that the optimal reaction conditions are 0.2 mol/L H₂O₂,50 mg CMO-150 catalyst,50 mg/L RhB solution and pH=3.0.After 5 cycles,the degradation rate only decreases by 22.24% at 15 min.The main active species in the reaction is hydroxyl radical (·OH) through the sacrificial agent experiment,and the reaction mechanism is explored by combining with the control experiment.

Graphene oxide has become a popular material for research in recent years due to its unique physical and chemical properties. The preparation, functionalization, and application of graphene based composite membrane materials have become cutting?edge and popular topics. This article reviews the assembly methods and performance research of graphene oxide based composite membrane materials, including graphene oxide based composite Langmuir?Blodgett (LB) film, graphene oxide based composite electrospinning film, and other graphene oxide based composite films. It summarizes the recent research progress of graphene oxide based composite films and prospects their application prospects.

As the global energy system accelerates its transition toward renewable energy,electrochemical energy storage devices play an increasingly vital role in ensuring power supply stability and promoting efficient energy utilization.However,low-temperature environments pose a significant challenge to the performance of electrochemical energy storage devices.Especially for widely used lithium-ion batteries,the problems such as significant decrease of charge and discharge capacity,increase of internal resistance and shortening of cycle life are particularly prominent,which seriously limits the commercialization development of lithium-ion batteries in cold regions and other scenarios.To address this challenge,this paper provides a systematic review of current research progress on the performance of electrochemical energy storage devices in low-temperature environments.First of all,focusing on the core research topic of modification and optimization of battery cathode materials and electrolyte systems.This study systematically elucidates the mechanism contributing to battery performance under low-temperature conditions,including changes in material resistivity,reduced reactivity of active materials,and increased viscosity of electrolyte materials.Then,the modification strategies of electrolyte to improve the performance of batteries under low temperature are reviewed and analyzed.In addition,other effective ways to optimize the low-temperature performance of energy storage devices and their mechanisms for improving the electrochemical performance are also expounded.

Aerogel is a solid material with the smallest density and lightest weight in the world at present. Its unique three?dimensional network structure makes it widely used. Cellulose aerogels not only have the characteristics of high porosity and high specific surface area of aerogels, but also can be degraded by microorganisms and be compatible with other substances, which is a new energy suitable for sustainable development. The preparation process of cellulose aerogel—sol gel process and hydrogel drying process are described. In addition, the applications of cellulose aerogel in oil?water separation, heat insulation, phase change, supercapacitor, biomedicine and other aspects are also introduced, and its development is prospected.

With the development of industrialization and modernization, water pollution has become increasingly serious, and the use of sunlight for water pollution degradation has become a future development trend. In this paper, flower?like BiOI photocatalyst was prepared via a solution route at room temperature without any template, and characterized by X?ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV?Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV?Vis DRS). As?synthesized flower?like BiOI showed better visible light photocatalytic activity for degrading Rhodamine B (RhB) than TiO₂. The experimental results of active species and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement showed that ·O {}_{\mathrm{2}}^{-} was the main active species in the photocatalytic degraded process of organic pollutant over flower?like BiOI, and the possible degradation mechanism was speculated. This study provides a simple and convenient synthesis method for high activity photocatalysts.

For the deep removal of CO from hydrogen-rich gas,the preparation of catalysts with better CO-Prox catalytic performance is a current research hotspot.CuO/NiO-CeO₂ catalysts were prepared by stepwise impregnation method,and the catalysts were characterized by XRD,BET,H₂-TPR and HR-TEM to investigate the effects of molar loading of metal Cu+Ni (metal loading) on the catalysts' structure,reduction properties and their CO-Prox performance.The results showed that Cu/Ni-O-Ce solid solutions were all formed in CuO/NiO-CeO₂ catalysts.The catalytic activity is mainly related to the content of Cu species highly dispersed on the carrier surface as well as to the content of the solid solution.Among them,the catalyst with a metal loading of 8% had a higher content of Cu species highly dispersed on the carrier surface and a higher content of solid solutions,and the catalyst exhibited better catalytic activity.Under the CO/H₂/CO₂/O₂/Ar atmosphere,a reaction temperature of 130 °C,an oxygen excess coefficient of 1.2,and a mass-air velocity of 20 266 mL/（g·h）,the CO conversion was 95.9%,and the CO oxidation selectivity was 86.3%.

Graphene exhibits outstanding mechanical,electrical,thermal,and optical properties,showcasing immense potential in enhancing the performance of polyimide composites.The unique two?dimensional characteristics of graphene allow for easy structural design and functional modification,presenting new opportunities for synthesizing polyimide composites with special functionalities.This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the research progress in graphene/polyimide nanocomposites in areas such as conductivity,mechanical properties,thermal properties and electromagnetic shielding.A systematic analysis was conducted on the influence of graphene's structure and functional modification on the performance of graphene/polyimide nanocomposites.Additionally,the application domains of different types of graphene/polyimide composites were discussed,with a detailed exploration of the interface interactions between graphene and the polyimide matrix and their impact on the properties of the nanocomposites.This article serves as a reference and inspiration for the subsequent development of multifunctional and high?performance graphene/polyimide nanocomposites.

Sn additives can effectively improve the propylene selectivity of propane dehydrogenated Pt?based catalysts and inhibit the generation of carbon deposition,but the effect of Sn additives is still unclear.Therefore,in this paper,different PtSn action systems were constructed by co?impregnation method and sol?gel method to modulate the introduction of PtSn,and the effect of Sn introduction methods on the dehydrogenation performance of propane of Pt?based catalysts was systematically explored.XRD and BET were used to characterize the texture properties of the catalyst,H₂?TPR,TEM and CO?IR were used to distinguish the Sn structure of the additives,and the propane dehydrogenation reaction evaluation and carbon deposition analysis of the catalysts were carried out.The results show that compared with the PtSn/γ?Al₂O₃ catalyst prepared by co?impregnation method,the Pt/Sn?γ?Al₂O₃ catalyst prepared by sol?gel method has a lower specific surface area and higher pore size,which can promote the interaction between PtSn clusters and carriers to achieve high metal dispersion.More active sites give the Pt/Sn?γ?Al₂O₃ catalyst higher propane conversion and propylene yield,and the larger pore size of the carrier also significantly reduces the carbon deposition of the catalyst.

CO₂ geological storage is one of the most important means to mitigate the greenhouse effect.The safety of CO₂ securely stored in underground reservoirs largely depends on the mechanical integrity of the caprock.This paper establishes a coupled fluid-solid model for CO₂ geological storage to study the changes in pore pressure,vertical displacement,and effective stress in the caprock during the CO₂ injection process.It analyzes the effects of CO₂ injection rate,caprock elastic parameters,and geostress factors on the occurrence of tensile and shear failures in the caprock.The results indicate that,at the initial stage of CO₂ injection, changes in pore pressure,vertical displacement,and effective stress at the bottom of the cap near the injection well are significant but gradually stabilize thereafter.The area near the injection well is considered the most critical part of the caprock,where the risk of mechanical failure is greatest.During the CO₂ injection process,the injection rate and geostress factors have the most significant impact on the occurrence of mechanical failures in the caprock.The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for assessing the long-term stability and safety of CO₂ geological storage systems.

In order to achieve high ionic conductivity and good alkaline resistance of Polysulfone?based AEMs, chloromethylated polysulfone was prepared by green method, and crown ether?functionalized polysulfone membranes with different triethylamine and amino crown ether contents were then prepared using amino crown ether as cross?linking agent and metal ions and triethylamine as cationic groups followed by crown ether functional polysulfone membrane with triethylamine and triethylamine as cationic groups(PSF?CE _X ?QA_1?X ).The effect of the addition of polyethylene glycol on the membrane properties was explored by introducing the low molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the above polysulfone cross?linking membrane.The results shown that the presence of hydrophilic polyethylene glycol helps to facilitate the formation of ordered ion channels in the membrane.The conductivity and alkali?resistant stability of PSF?CE _X ?QA_1?X ?PEG were improved compared to PSF?CE _X ?QA_1?X membrane.Among them, the electrical conductivity of PSF?CE_0.1?QA_0.9?PEG at 80 ℃ is 56.78 mS/cm,which can retain 85% of the original conductivity after alkaline resistance test.In addition,PSF?CE _X ?QA_1?X ?PEG has good dimensional and thermal stability.

Cellulose, due to its abundance and propensity to form spherical structures, serves as an exceptional precursor for the synthesis of high-performance hard carbon materials used in sodium-ion batteries. This study explores the interplay between different cellulose types, their structural evolution during hydrothermal spherization, and the subsequent impact on the microcrystalline characteristics and electrochemical performance of the resulting hard carbon for sodium storage. The results observed that the crystallinity of various cellulose precursors-namely natural cellulose, α-cellulose, and microcrystalline cellulose-and their corresponding hard carbons are positively correlated. Among these, hard carbon derived from α-cellulose demonstrated superior attributes, including the highest closed pore volume and a balanced defect density, which contribute to its enhanced sodium storage capacity. Furthermore, the hydrothermal treatment of α-cellulose at 220 °C was optimized to achieve a spherical morphology, which significantly benefited both the capacity and rate performance of the hard carbon. The reversible capacities at current densities of 20 and 2 000 mA/g are 329.4 and 53.9 mA·h/g, respectively.

As the core of heavy oil upgrading, fluid catalytic cracking(FCC) units have long been the main pillar of economic benefits for petrochemical enterprises in China.This paper reviews the development history of domestic FCC technology and summarizes the current status of FCC technology from three perspectives based on target products:Oil production technology,light olefin maximization technology,and product structure adjustment technology.It emphasizes summarizing the design concepts,main characteristics and commercial application of different FCC technologies,with a particular focus on comparing the differences in reactor types and catalyst.Additionally,research efforts aimed at improving oil quality to meet market demands,enhancing the yields of low?carbon olefins,BTX(benzene,toluene,xylene),and other basic chemical raw materials,as well as optimizing their selectivities,are discussed,providing viable technical solutions for high?quality enterprise development.Future research priorities for FCC technology include feedstock heavy and diversified processing,product quality improvement,flexible product structure adjustment,and cleaner production processes.

Nylon 66(PA66),as an important engineering plastic,features excellent mechanical properties,wear resistance and heat resistance,and is widely used in the automotive,electronic,mechanical and aerospace fields.However,its inherent high hygroscopicity,poor low-temperature toughness,insufficient processing fluidity and inadequate flame retardancy limit its application in some high-performance scenarios.In recent years,significant progress has been made in the modification research of PA66.Mainly through various means such as physical blending,chemical grafting, and copolymerization modification,its microstructure and macroscopic properties are regulated,thereby preparing composite materials with high strength,high toughness, low water absorption rate,excellent flame retardancy or thermal conductivity.This article introduces the research progress of various high-performance PA66 composites in recent years,analyzes the influence of various modification strategies on the structure and performance of the materials,and the preparation of various high-performance PA66 composites has expanded the application scope of PA66,which is more conducive to its development in high-performance and functional industries such as new energy and automobiles.

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is characterized by high efficiency and environmental protection, and has great potential for development in solving energy and environmental problems.Proton exchange membrane (PEM) is one of the key components of PEMFC, which affects the performance and cost of the cell. Existing commercial Nafion type PEMs have a problems in balance of high cost, conductivity and mechanical properties. PEMs with low cost and excellent performance can improve the performance and commercialization of fuel cells. To address the compatibility problem of conductivity and mechanical properties of PEMs, researchers have designed a variety of enhanced PEM materials in terms of membrane constituent materials and microcosmic nano structures. Here, the requirements of PEMFC for PEM are briefly introduced, and the preparation methods of novel PEM based on doped nanomaterials, composite resin cross?linking and porous skeleton are mainly analyzed. The characteristics of membrane properties before and after modification are compared, and the problems in the preparation process of PEM are briefly analyzed, and the future research directions of PEM are further prospected.

Perovskite photovoltaic cells are considered as the most promising third generation photovoltaic products due to their high photoelectric conversion efficiency and flexible processing while the high temperature encapsulation process of traditional encapsulation materials can hardly meet the demand of high performance of perovskite photovoltaic modules.In this paper, an adhesive film material by free radical co?polymerization process was successfully synthesized.Light transmission and bonding are characterized by infrared spectroscopy and tensile testing machine,confirming that the polymer is very suitable for chalcogenide photovoltaic cell encapsulation,and that the polymer can be effectively adhered to the chalcogenide solar cell and the outer layer of the glass at 80 ℃.The polymer is suitable for the encapsulation of chalcogenide photovoltaic cells.The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the encapsulated PSCs can reach 20.59%,and the encapsulated PSCs devices show good impact resistance.

Sodium-ion capacitors represent a novel class of energy storage device that integrates the respective advantages of sodium-ion batteries and electric double-layer capacitors. Nevertheless, the mismatch between the positive and negative electrode kinetics of sodium ion capacitors can lead to their low power density and poor cycling stability. Since the advent of single-atom catalysis, single-atom metals have garnered substantial attention in energy storage research due to their high atomic efficiency, exceptional catalytic activity, superior selectivity, and remarkable stability.Firstly, the challenges faced by electrode materials for sodium ion capacitors were elaborated, and the energy storage mechanism of sodium ion capacitors was analyzed. Secondly, the characteristics of single atom catalysts and the preparation methods of carbon supported metal single atom materials were introduced. Then, the application progress of metal monatomic materials in sodium ion capacitors was summarized. Finally, the application prospects of metal single atoms in sodium ion capacitors were discussed.

During the process of water electrolysis,the "bubble effect" will significantly reduce the overall performance of the system.The classical nucleation theory (CNT model） fails to reveal the regulatory mechanism of the electrical double layer (EDL),surface microstructure,and mass transfer synergy on nucleation kinetics in actual electrochemical systems.This study develops an electrode interface bubble nucleation model with the synergistic effect of electrical double layer?mass transfer?surface microstructure,considering the synergistic regulation mechanism of ion migration diffusion behavior,electrode surface nano microstructure,and concentration boundary layer on the nucleation process.The research results show that the synergistic effect of EDL and microporous structurel generates significant potential gradients at the surface micropores,leading to an increase in local supersaturation and prioritizing bubble nucleation.At high overpotentials,the effect of the concentration boundary layer on nucleation energy barrier exhibits a nonlinear relationship.The thinner the concentration boundary layer is,the more significant the decreasing trend of the nucleation rate at high potential will be.The growth of bubbles is dominated by the net concentration flux near the three?phase contact line (TPCL),exhibiting a two?stage growth characteristic.The study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the surface design of gas evolution electrodes.

The Biological seepage studies the seepage of biofluids in living organisms and fluids containing microorganisms in non-biological porous media.The mass transfer diffusion osmosis phenomenon of a porous bioelastomer material,poly(glycidyl sebacate) (PGS),implanted into human soft tissues was simulated.The pore structure of the PGS material was characterised by N₂ adsorption-desorption and the scaffold model with different pore numbers and pore diameters was designed using the multi-physics field simulation software-COMSOL to investigate the effects of pore and pore diameter parameters on blood osmosis when the pore size was constant.COMSOL was used to design the adapted PGS stent models,numerically simulate the characteristics of the blood flow when blood flowed through the PGS stent,and analyse the kinetic viscosity and the shear rate of the blood field with the theory of fluid dynamics.Comparative analyses of seepage pressure and diffusion at different blood inlet velocities were carried out. The results show that the PGS material is a material that tends to be mesoporous.When the blood flows inside the porous scaffold, the kinetic viscosity varies with the shear rate,indicating that the blood seepage inside the scaffold is a kind of non-Newtonian fluid seepage.The diffusion speed of the blood inside the porous scaffold is different under different inlet velocities and the larger the inlet velocity is,the higher the pressure,and the faster the mass transfer diffusion speed will be.

With the acceleration of industrialization,a large amount of refractory organic contaminants were discharged into water, bringing new challenges to the traditional water treatment technologies.As an advanced oxidation process (AOPs),the heterogeneous catalytic ozonation shows great potential for water treatment due to its high efficiency and environmental friendliness.The surface hydroxyl groups,Lewis acid sites,redox cycling, and structural defects could act as active sites on heterogeneous catalysts,which could effectively promote the ozonolysis reaction and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for enhancing the degradation of organic pollutants.By active site engineering,both the metal?based catalysts and non?metal catalysts could significantly improve the efficiency of ozonation reactions.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the use of heterogeneous catalytic ozonation in industrial wastewater treatment.The working mechanism of this technology,the active sites of catalysts,the typical catalysts and their applications in wastewater treatment were fundamentally discussed.Finally,this paper provides insights into the future research direction of heterogeneous catalytic ozonation,emphasizing the importance of establishing a unified catalyst evaluation standard and improving the catalyst stability for the practical application of the heterogeneous ozonation catalysts.

The efficient removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from contaminated water remains a challenge due to the very stable carbon?fluorine bonds in perfluorinated compounds.In this experiment,nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was used to degrade PFOA,a difficult?to?degrade organic pollutant in water,and the effects of discharge parameters such as discharge atmosphere,discharge power,gas flow rate,and liquid flow rate,as well as the reaction conditions,on the removal rate of PFOA were investigated in the reaction.The experimental results showed that under the conditions of the discharge atmosphere of argon,discharge power of 11.84 W,gas flow rate of 3.33 L/min,and liquid flow rate of 0.28 L/min,DBD had a better degradation effect on PFOA,and the removal rate could reach more than 94.0% after 60 min of reaction.Combined with emission spectroscopy and free radical burst analysis,it was determined that e^-,?OH,H₂O₂, and O₃ were the main active species to break the molecular structure of PFOA and realize the efficient degradation of the reactants,and thus could provide an effective solution for the removal of PFOA in water.

Cyclohexylbenzene (CHB) is an important chemical intermediate with special physicochemical properties.It can be used as electrolyte additive for lithium ion battery. A small amount can prevent overcharging and ensure battery cycle performance and life. CHB can generate another important organic chemical product, cyclohexanone, when used in the synthesis of phenol through peroxidation reaction. Introduced the catalysts used in three methods for synthesizing CHB. These three methods include Fouke alkylation of benzene with alkylation reagent, selective hydrogenation of biphenyl, and alkylation of benzene with hydrogen. It is pointed out that the development of zeolite molecular sieve catalysts with high acid content and high mesoporous volume is the key to the preparation of CHB by benzene hydroalkylation.

To investigate the effect of donor unit length on the thermoelectric properties of D-A conjugated polymer,three D-A conjugated polymers(PDPP-DTP,PDPP-2DTP,PDPP-3DTP) based on dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole (DTP) with different donor unit lengths were designed and synthesized.The influence of donor unit lengths on the energy levels of the polymers was studied by electrochemical characterization and density functional theory calculations.With ferric chloride as dopant,the polymer films were oxidation doped.Their optical and thermoelectric properties as well as the temperature dependent resistance were discussed.The results show that the HOMO energy levels of the polymers gradually increase with the extension of the length of the DTP-like donor unit,which makes them easier to be oxidatively doped.At the same dopant concentration,the doped polymers exhibit higher conductivity with the extension of the donor unit length.Among them,PDPP-3DTP shows the highest electrical conductivity of 302.3 S/cm,which is much higher than that of PDPP-2DTP(106.2 S/cm) and PDPP-DTP(64.7 S/cm).The charge transport energy barrier of the polymer films gradually decreases with the extension of the length of the donor unit,which is beneficial for the enhancement of electrical conductivity of doped films.However,the Seebeck coefficient of the doped polymer film decreases with the extension of the length of the donor unit,and the final polymer PDPP-2DTP is doped and optimized to have the highest thermoelectric power factor of 19.4 μW/(m·K²).

As the demand for energy storage escalates, sodium?ion batteries （SIBs） are increasingly in the spotlight due to their low cost and the plentiful availability of sodium resources. Particularly, hard carbon anode materials have emerged as a focal point of research, attributed to their superior cyclic stability and elevated energy density. This review delves into the advancements in hard carbon anode materials for SIBs, encompassing the screening and design of HCs precursors, surface modifications, pore structure adjustments, carbonization induction, heteroatom doping strategies, and additional tactics to augment the performance of HCs. By thoroughly examining the influence of HCs's pore structure, surface functional groups, and microstructure on the sodium storage mechanism, the review explores the potential for optimizing HCs performance through various fabrication processes. Furthermore, the article addresses the interfacial reaction mechanisms between HCs and electrolytes, along with possible avenues for enhancing HCs's cycling and rate capabilities through interface engineering. Ultimately, the review anticipates the future trajectory of HCs technology, including the design of nanostructures, surface modifications, and green manufacturing processes, underscoring the pressing need for the development of high?performance, cost?effective, and environmentally benign SIBs.

To study the explosion risk associated with the use of wearable devices in oil transfer stations, research was conducted through the investigation of explosion accidents at oil transfer stations and fire and explosion accidents involving wearable devices. Additionally, experimental tests were carried out on the maximum surface temperature of wearable devices, their electromagnetic radiation power, and calculations were done to analyze the explosion risk of the devices' batteries. It was found that there have been no reported cases of explosion accidents at oil transfer stations caused by the use of smart wearable devices. The ignition risks associated with wearable devices in oil and gas locations mainly include: the risk of ignition due to device overheating, the risk of battery combustion and explosion, and the risk of sparks from device radio frequency. During the use of smart wearable devices, it is virtually impossible for temperatures to exceed 200.0 ℃, thus mitigating the risk of oil and gas ignition due to heated surfaces. The maximum electromagnetic radiation power tested for wearable smart devices is far too low to ignite petroleum vapors. Consequently, the risk of oil and gas combustion or explosion accidents caused by wearable devices catching fire or exploding within oil transfer stations is minimal or even negligible, falling within an acceptable range of safety risks.

Compared with the commonly used gas-liquid bubble tower, the tubular gas-liquid contactor has the advantages of high gas content rate, low energy consumption and simple maintenance to strengthen the gas-liquid mass transfer process by generating a uniform bubble-like and highly dispersed system in the pipeline space.A micro-bubble type tubular gas-liquid contactor was developed independently which utilizes the high-speed shear crushing effect of a venturi jet bubble generator to generate micro bubbles.Based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation and indoor experiments,the bubble formation mechanism and bubble size distribution of the micro bubble tubular gas-liquid contactor were investigated.The results show that the VOF multiphase flow model coupled with RNG k-ε turbulence model can simulate the jet impingement process and bubble formation characteristics. In the expansion section of the venturi jet bubble generator,large bubbles are sheared and broken into micro bubbles, and the bubbles are uniform and stable. The particle size of bubbles decreases with the increase of liquid volume, and the particle size of bubbles is the smallest (76.5 μm) when the liquid volume is 14.0 L/min, the gas volume is the maximum natural suction volume, and the length of the column is 800 mm. The bubble particle size increases with the increase of gas volume, and is the smallest (86.7 μm) when the gas volume is 1.5 L/min, the liquid volume is 8.0 L/min, and the length of the column is 800 mm.As the length of column increases, the bubble size first decreases and then remains basically unchanged. When the column length is greater than 800 mm, its impact on the bubble particle size is relatively small.

Two nonionic surfactants were synthesized using N-dodecylsuccinic anhydride, L-leucine, and polyether alcohol as materials. In order to study the aggregation morphology and properties of these two surfactants, their surface tension at different concentrations was tested and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined based on the γ-lgc curve. The molecular dynamics simulation techniques was used to study the aggregation pattern of surfactants at the oil-water interface and the interaction with oil and water. The results showed that compared to surfactant 1,surfactant 2 had more nonionic hydrophilic components and thus reducing surface tension was more effective. The critical surface tensions (γ_CMC) of surfactant 1 and surfactant 2 were 25.54 and 24.46 mN/m. At low concentration, both of the two nonionic surfactants have high water precipitation rate and poor emulsification effect, but at high concentration, the emulsification effect is better, and the lotion prepared with two nonionic surfactants has certain stability. The electrostatic potential distribution of surfactant molecules affects their hydrophilic and oleophilic properties.

The study of the environmental hazards of chemical gas pipeline rupture is of great significance to the design of explosion prevention measures and the development of emergency response programs. Taking a typical overhead gas pipeline as the research object, the environmental hazards of the whole process of natural gas leakage diffusion, jet fire, vapor cloud flash fire and explosion accident development were analyzed. The results show that when designing explosion-proof measures and formulating emergency plans, the explosion risk area should be calculated according to the low wind speed. Natural gas leakage mainly affects the chemical park B area, office buildings A， B， C, street stores A. The downwind direction of the occurrence of jet fire accident 8.7~76.1 m is a high-risk area, affecting the area of the chemical park B area, office buildings B and the street stores A. The area affected by the vapor cloud flash fire is Chemical Park B, Chemical Park A, Office Buildings A, B, C, D, Street Shops A, Residential Area A, the main road and the edge of the Science and Technology Park, so the area should be evacuated in advance of the fire. Natural gas explosion damage area is downwind -47.1~67.2 m, mainly affecting the chemical park B, chemical park A, office buildings B, street stores A, residential neighborhoods A.

For the reaction of catalytic dehydrogenation of ethanol to produce acetaldehyde, current catalysts face the challenge of limited selectivity, particularly exhibiting poor performance in the efficient generation of acetaldehyde. Some catalysts are hindered in the dehydrogenation process due to excessive acidity, which urgently needs to be addressed. Therefore, the development of novel catalysts with high?performance surface basicity is crucial.Two composite catalysts, La₂O₂CO₃/ZnO?a and La₂O₂CO₃/ZnO?b, were prepared using the co?precipitation method and the solution combustion method. The performance of the catalysts was evaluated by varying preparation conditions such as precipitation pH, aging time, calcination temperature, and calcination time to determine the optimal synthesis parameters. Advanced characterization techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, X?ray Diffraction, and CO₂ Temperature?Programmed Desorption, were employed to thoroughly investigate the catalyst's crystal phase, morphology, surface basicity, and their relationship with catalytic performance. The optimal process conditions for ethanol dehydrogenation to acetaldehyde were investigated on the best?performing catalyst. When the precipitation pH was 9.0, the aging time was 12.0 h, the ratio of n_La to n_Zn was 1.0, and the calcination temperature was 600 ℃, the optimal preparation conditions for the solution calcination method were determined as follows: calcination time of 5.0 h, calcination temperature of 550 ℃, and n_La/n_Zn of 1.0. Under the conditions of a volume space velocity of 1.0 h?1, a reaction pressure of 1.0 MPa, and a reaction temperature of 190 ℃, La?O?CO?/ZnO?a achieved the highest acetaldehyde yield of 57.60%.

Blending poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) with poly(adipate?butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) was involved in the preparation of PPC/PBAT composites. However, the limited compatibility between the two materials hinders the potential performance enhancement of PPC/PBAT composites. To improve the compatibility between PPC and PBAT, maleic anhydride (MA) as a polar monomer and 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butyl peroxy) hexane (DHBP) as an initiator were chosen for grafting onto PBAT to produce copolymer grafted Maleic anhydride (PBAT-g-MA).The interplay between PPC and PBAT-g-MA, as well as its impact on the properties of the blend, was thoroughly examined. The elongation at break of the blend was found to gradually increase with higher mass fraction of PBAT-g-MA. The elongation at break of PPC/PBAT-g-MA blends increased from 21.2% to 68.1%（60 and 40 are the quality scores of PPC and PBAT-g-MA, respectively）. Studies have shown that when the PBAT-g-MA content is lower than that of PPC, PBAT-g-MA functions as a uniformly dispersed phase within the PPC matrix. The anhydride group present in the material can effectively react with the end groups of PPC, thereby significantly enhancing compatibility between both phases and promoting stress transfer at interface layers to improve the mechanical properties of blends.

Cu_0.7Mn_0.3Al_2.5 ternary solid solution spinel catalysts were prepared by ball milling method using copper nitrate as the copper source, proposed thin alumina as the aluminium source, citric acid as the additive, and manganese acetate as the third component to partially replace copper. With the help of characterisation techniques such as XRD, BET, H₂-TPR and XPS, the crystalline phase structure, weaving properties, reducing properties and surface cation states and distributions of Cu_0.7Mn_0.3Al_2.5 were investigated. The catalytic performance of Cu_0.7Mn_0.3Al_2.5 in methanol steam reforming (MSR) for hydrogen production with a sustained release feature was scrutinized, and a comparison was made with CuAl_2.5 binary spinel and Cu_0.7Zn_0.3Al_2.5 ternary spinel catalysts. The results showed that compared with CuAl_2.5 and Cu_0.7Zn_0.3Al_2.5, the Cu_0.7Mn_0.3Al_2.5 exhibited the maximum contraction of the unit cell, resulting in a smaller unit cell constant. The catalyst had smaller crystalline size and higher specific surface area. The catalyst showed an aluminium-rich state, but with a higher percentage of Cu in the surface spinel phase, which made the reduction under H₂ atmosphere more difficult, and exhibited a better slow-release catalytic performance in MSR hydrogen production. Under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 265 °C, n（H₂O）/n（CH₃OH） =2, and mass flow rate of 2.25 h^-1, a stable conversion rate of 84% was achieved for 40 hours. The study provided valuable data reference for the development of efficient copper-based sustained-release catalysts.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have garnered considerable attention as a viable option for large-scale energy storage,with O3-type layered transition metal oxides identified as one of the most promising cathode materials due to their superior specific capacity.However,the stability of these materials at elevated voltages remains a critical challenge,hindering their broader application.In this study,O3-NaNi_1/3Fe_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ was systematically characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and in-situ X-ray diffraction(XRD) to elucidate the relationship between microstructural evolution and electrochemical stability.The results reveal that phase transitions significantly impair Na? diffusion kinetics. Notably, the irreversible P3-O3' phase transition at high voltages above 4.1 V results in a reduction of the Na⁺ diffusion coefficient by at least five orders of magnitude,which is reflected by a substantial increase in internal resistance.Moreover,the O3' phase emerging during discharge triggers the formation of the P'3 phase,deviating it from the electrochemical pathway established during charging and thereby severely compromising the material’s cycling stability.

Transition metal sulfides are known for their high conductivity and theoretical lithium storage capacity,making them promising materials for phase change lithium storage.However,their cycling stability needs improvement.A simple electrostatic spinning method was used to prepare composites with in situ growth of cobalt-based zeolite imidazolite backbones(Co-ZIFs) on electrostatically spun fibers,and the stabilized structure of microzonated ZIFs was exploited to achieve spatially confined domains of metal particles in an N_? heat treatment. Cobalt sulfide/carbon fiber composites (CoS/CFs) were then synthesized through a sulfidation reaction.X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the uniform distribution of CoS particles on the carbon nanofibers.The optimized composite showed excellent lithium storage performance,maintaining a specific capacity of 584.5 mA·h/g after 250 cycles at a current density of 1 A/g.This demonstrates outstanding cycling stability and suggests promising applications in lithium storage.