Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution technology plays a pivotal role in promoting sustainable energy conversion and storage,which is essential for achieving carbon neutrality and enhancing the efficient utilization of renewable energy.However, current electrocatalysts still face significant challenges in terms of activity,stability,and cost,which hinder their large-scale application.Alloy catalysts,with their tunable compositions and structures as well as unique electronic properties,have demonstrated great potential in improving catalytic performance.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the performance modulation mechanisms and strategies of alloy catalysts in hydrogen evolution reactions.Specifically,it focuses on three key aspects:Composition design,crystal structure regulation,and hybridization with other functional materials,highlighting their recent advances in the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.Representative studies are discussed to elucidate the synergistic effects among multiple metal components in alloy systems and their impact on catalytic performance.Finally,current challenges in rational alloy catalyst design are summarized,and future research directions are proposed,aiming to provide theoretical guidance and technical insights for the development of efficient and cost-effective electrocatalytic materials.
Nylon 66(PA66),as an important engineering plastic,features excellent mechanical properties,wear resistance and heat resistance,and is widely used in the automotive,electronic,mechanical and aerospace fields.However,its inherent high hygroscopicity,poor low-temperature toughness,insufficient processing fluidity and inadequate flame retardancy limit its application in some high-performance scenarios.In recent years,significant progress has been made in the modification research of PA66.Mainly through various means such as physical blending,chemical grafting, and copolymerization modification,its microstructure and macroscopic properties are regulated,thereby preparing composite materials with high strength,high toughness, low water absorption rate,excellent flame retardancy or thermal conductivity.This article introduces the research progress of various high-performance PA66 composites in recent years,analyzes the influence of various modification strategies on the structure and performance of the materials,and the preparation of various high-performance PA66 composites has expanded the application scope of PA66,which is more conducive to its development in high-performance and functional industries such as new energy and automobiles.
Against the backdrop of rising global energy needs and pressing environmental concerns,the advancement of efficient and sustainable green energy technologies is paramount.Zinc-air batteries （ZABs） present a highly promising solution,offering a high theoretical energy density and zero-carbon emissions.However,their widespread adoption is limited by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction（ORR） at the air cathode and the inherent high cost and poor stability of precious-metal catalysts. Herein,we innovatively prepared a NH?-MXene/FePc composite catalyst by anchoring iron phthalocyanine（FePc） onto amino-functionalized MXene（NH2-MXene） as the support.The influence of the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane（APTES） addition amount on the catalyst's structure and ORR performance was systematically studied.The optimized NH2-MXene /FePc-100 catalyst demonstrates exceptional ORR activity,characterized by a high half-wave potential of 0.92 V,a low Tafel slope of 65.94 mV/dec, and a dominant four-electron transfer pathway.Notably,it exhibits outstanding stability,showing a minimal E1/2 degradation of only 20 mV after 5 000 cycles of accelerated durability test cycles.Moreover,ZABs equipped with this catalyst achieve superior performance,delivering a peak power density of 182.3 mW/cm2 and a specific capacity of 774.7 mA·h/g which significantly surpasses that of commercial Pt/C-based devices.
The dual?carbon strategy highlights the urgent need to develop efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production technologies. Graphitic carbon nitride (g?C?N?) has attracted wide attention due to its low cost and excellent stability, but it suffers from insufficient visible light absorption and rapid carrier recombination, which severely restricts its hydrogen production performance. To overcome these issues, we successfully prepared boron-doped g?C3N4 （BCN） using a H3BO3?assisted segmented temperature?controlled calcination strategy, with boric acid as the boron source precursor. The effects of boron doping on the band structure and photoelectric properties of g?C3N4 were systematically investigated through various photoelectric characterization techniques. The results demonstrate that an appropriate level of boron doping effectively modulates the electronic structure of g-C3N4, enhancing its visible light absorption and improving the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers. Specifically, the BCN?2∶5 sample (with a mass ratio of H?BO? to g?C?N? of 2∶5) achieves a hydrogen evolution rate of up to 1 507 μmol/(g·h) under visible light irradiation. This study offers valuable insights and guidance for the design of highly efficient doped g?C3N4 photocatalysts.
In the domain of chemical separation, the pursuit of straightforward and expeditious treatment of multicomponent industrial wastewater has emerged as a prominent trend. However, traditional methods have demonstrated low separation efficiency when dealing with emulsified phosphorus-containing wastewater. In this study, a cellulose membrane was used as the base matrix, and La(OH)? nanoparticles were in-situ grown on it to construct a composite membrane capable of simultaneous phosphorus removal and demulsification. Structural characterization revealed that La（OH）? was uniformly anchored on the fiber surface. The membrane's underwater superoleophobicity and low oil adhesion enabled it to separate various oil-in-water emulsions with an efficiency of 99.2% and a separation flux of 1 210 L/（m2?h）. The membrane exhibited sustained high phosphorus removal and demulsification performance even after ten cycles, providing a scalable and sustainable new approach for the next generation of multicomponent industrial wastewater treatment.
The current commercial Pd?based catalysts are expensive, so there is a need to develop alternative low?cost metal catalysts. In this study, hierarchical porous copper?based catalysts were synthesized via selective etching by adjusting alkali concentration, and were characterized using techniques including XRD, SEM, BET, MIP, and N2O chemisorption. The hydrogenation performance of the hierarchical porous Cu?based catalyst was evaluated under conditions of GHSV 30 000 h?1 and V(H?)/V(C?H?)/V(C?H?)/V(He) = 137∶98∶1∶196. Results indicate that the Cu?based catalyst possesses a hierarchical pore structure comprising macropores (4~5 μm) and mesopores (2~25 nm). The full conversion temperature of the hierarchical porous Cu?based catalyst is as low as 105 °C, significantly lower than that of commercial Cu powder (220 °C), while demonstrating stability exceeding 180 hours. The introduction of the hierarchical pore structure increases the active surface area of the catalyst and enhances the number of Cu active sites. Moreover, retaining an appropriate amount of Al species helps maintain the hierarchical
pore structure and improves the resistance of Cu active sites to deactivation.
The conversion of CO2 to dimethyl carbonate (DMC) represents a promising route for sustainable synthesis and carbon resource utilization. In this study, a series of Zr-doped CeO2 catalysts derived from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) via hydrothermal synthesis were applied to the direct synthesis of DMC from CO2 and CH3OH. The effects of varying Zr doping levels (molar fraction, the same below) on catalytic performance were systematically investigated, and the optimal Zr doping amount was determined. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to elucidate their crystal phase, morphology, surface chemical states, and correlations between these properties and catalytic activity. Using the Zr/CeO? catalyst with a 2% Zr doping level, the optimal process conditions for DMC synthesis from CO? and CH?OH were investigated. The results indicate that under the conditions of 140 °C, an initial CO2 pressure of 3 MPa, and a reaction time of 2 hours, the Zr/CeO2 catalyst with a 2% Zr doping content exhibits the highest CH3OH conversion rate and DMC production.
The consumption of fossil fuels has led to a series of environmental issues due to CO2 emissions, drawing increasing attention to carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. Lithium silicate (Li4SiO4) is considered a highly promising sorbents due to its high CO2 capture capacity, low regeneration temperature, and good thermal stability. However, its widespread application is limited by the high cost of silicon sources and insufficient cycling performance. Low?cost fly ash was used as silicon source to synthesize Li4SiO4 via solid?state and impregnation?precipitation methods, followed by modification with K2CO3 doping. The materials were characterized by testing methods such as XRF, XRD, and SEM.The results show that the sorbents prepared by the solid?phase method at 700 °C (LS?700) possesses a rich pore structure and a high specific surface area of 1.584 2 m2/g, and exhibits the optimal sorption performance, with the CO? sorption capacity remaining at 0.179 7 g/g after 10 cycles. After K2CO3 doping, the CO2 sorption rate increased to 0.054 5 g/(g·min), which is 1.4 times that of the undoped sample. Mechanistic studies revealed that the formation of a low?temperature eutectic layer between K2CO3 and Li2CO3 promoted CO2 diffusion and reduced the reaction activation energy. This study provides an effective strategy for developing low?cost and high?performance Li4SiO4?based sorbents, demonstrating significant value for enhancing CO2 capture efficiency from coal?fired flue gas.
Gold nanoparticles （Au NPs） exhibit great application potential in the reduction of aromatic nitro compound pollutants, owing to their nanoscale size effects and excellent catalytic properties. However, their tendency to aggregate has hindered practical applications. In this study, perfusion silica gel microspheres （PSM） with a hierarchical porous structure comprising macropores, mesopores, and perfusion pores were used as a support material. The surface of the PSM was first modified with thiol groups and then combined with gold nanoparticles to fabricate Au NPs/PSM composite microspheres. These composite microspheres were characterized by SEM, TEM, Raman spectroscopy and XRD. The catalytic performance of the Au NPs/PSM catalyst in reducing 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol was investigated. The results showed that the composite microspheres retained their perfusion channels, and the Au NPs were uniformly distributed on the PSM surface. The average size of the Au NPs was approximately 4.8 nm, with a mass loading fraction of 2.72%. The Au NPs/PSM composite was employed as a catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. At 30 °C, the catalytic reaction followed first-order kinetics, with a rate constant of 0.103 min?1. The composite microspheres demonstrate excellent catalytic activity, good stability, and high recyclability.
