Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) exhibit excellent performance of electrocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen evolution due to their variable ions within layers,exchangeability of anions between layers,and large reaction surfaces.In addition,LDHs?based derivatives can equip catalysts with multiple functions and better performance,which show significant advantages and excellent application prospects in many fields.In this paper,the properties of LDHs?based lamellar structure,such as tunable property,ability to be delaminated and assembled,and structural memory effect,as well as common preparation methods involved in LDHs?based high?efficiency electrocatalysts,such as the delamination method,co?precipitation method,and hydrothermal method have been stematically analyzed.In addition,the applications of LDHs and their compound derivatives were systematically reviewed in electrocatalytic fields,including the oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction by water electrolysis, the electrocatalytic oxidation reaction of ethanol,and the oxygen reduction reaction.Finally,the problems and solutions involved in LDHs materials were analyzed and predicted.

Sodium?ion batteries (SIBs) have the advantages of rich resources and low cost and supply risk.Therefore,they are regarded as a new generation of electrochemical energy storage devices with great potential.At present,vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) has gradually become a research hotspot of cathode materials for SIBs because of its high working voltage and theoretical capacity. However,the disadvantages of V₂O₅ cathode material,including low ion diffusion coefficient,low conductivity,and structural instability caused by repeated ion intercalation/deintercalation,have limited its application in SIBs.This paper analyzed the crystal structure and sodium storage mechanism of V₂O₅ and summarized the research progress of V₂O₅ cathode material in SIBs through modification methods such as morphology control,crystal structure modification,chemical pre?insertion,and composition with other materials.Finally,the paper prospected the development trend of V₂O₅ electrode material.

Excessive CO₂ emission caused by a large number of human activities is the main cause of global warming,so a method to effectively control the increase in CO₂ concentration is urgently needed.Currently,direct air capture is the only technology capable of achieving negative growth of carbon emissions on a large scale.Solid amine adsorbents,especially silicon?based ones, have been widely studied and used to capture CO₂ from ambient air due to their advantages of high adsorption capacity,corrosion resistance,and low energy consumption.In this paper,silicon?based solid amine adsorbents were classified according to the mode of loading,and the influence of different silicon?based supports on the adsorbent performance was summarized.At the same time,the problems encountered in the industrial application of powdered solid amine adsorbents were put forward,and the current forming methods of solid amine adsorbents were sorted out.Finally,it is pointed out that the development of formed solid amine adsorbents with high adsorption capacity and high stability is the future trend of CO₂ adsorbent industrialization.

With the significant increase in the price of lithium?ion batteries,low-cost,energy-efficient sodium-ion batteries have attracted widespread attention.As a bridge connecting the positive and negative materials of sodium ion batteries,the electrolyte plays a crucial role.The first coulomb efficiency,cycle stability and rate performance of sodium?ion batteries can be effectively improved by constructing suitable electrolytic liquid system for different electrode materials.In this paper,the research progress of various electrolyte additives in sodium?ion battery systems,the formation mechanism of interface film and the future research direction of electrolyte additives have been discussed.

As the society and economy move forward, energy and environmental problems have attracted extensive attention. Hydrogen energy is considered the ideal clean energy in the 21st century due to its high energy density, pollution?free attribute, abundant reserves, and wide application. As a clean production technology, hydrogen production by water electrolysis has developed vigorously under the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. The key challenge lies in the development of high?performance electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to reduce the overpotential of water splitting. This paper reviewed the current mainstream hydrogen production technologies by water electrolysis in detail and analyzed the characteristics and advantages and disadvantages of each technology. Moreover,it summarized the research progress of HER catalysts and predicted the development directions of the hydrogen production technology by water electrolysis and its electrocatalysts.

With the rise of electric revolution and the establishment of "carbon dioxide emission and carbon neutrality" strategy, petroleum coke has got great development in value?added applications such as lithium cathode materials and high?grade prebaked anode.However,high value?added applications of petroleum coke all have strict requirements for sulfur content of petroleum coke. The high sulfur content in petroleum coke will have a negative impact on the high value application of petroleum coke.The research status of main desulphurization technologies of petroleum coke,including solvent extraction desulfurization technology,high temperature calcination desulfurization technology,oxidation desulfurization technology, alkali metal compound desulfurization technology,hydrodesulfurization technology,microbial desulfurization technology and process intensification auxiliary desulfurization technology are summarized.It was found that the desulphurisation rate of process?enhanced assisted desulphurisation could reach 93.6%,which could reduce the sulphur mass fraction in petroleum coke from 7.57% to 0.48%. The desulfurization technology of petroleum coke should maintain the principle that the structure of petroleum coke after desulfurization is not destroyed to the greatest extent.Therefore,oxidative desulfurization coupled process enhancement assisted desulfurization should have bright prospect in industrial application of petroleum coke desulphurization.

The high nickel cathode material LiNi _x Co _y Mn_1-x-y O₂(x≥0.6,NCM) is considered to be one of the most valuable cathode materials for lithium?ion batteries due to its low cost,high energy density and long service life.Although the high nickel content leads to a significant increase in the specific capacity and energy density of NCM,the increase in nickel content leads to poor cycling and thermal stability,which severely limits its practical application.Doping modification is an effective strategy to improve the structural stability and electrochemical performance of NCM.In this review,the common doping preparation methods of NCM are first described in detail.Subsequently,the effects of various doped elements on the lithium storage,rate performance and cycling performance of NCM were systematically analyzed.Finally,the development and future challenges of NCM are prospected,which is expected to provide an important reference for the application of NCM.

In order to improve the demulsification efficiency,reduce the processing cost and decrease the damage to the environment during demulsification of oily emulsions,nanoparticles(NPs) have attracted much attention in the field of demulsification,due to their strong controllability and multiple advantages.First,the demulsification mechanisms for magnetic and non⁃magnetic nanoparticles in demulsification were reviewed,providing strategy for the development of new demulsifiers. Secondly,the preparation methods and applications of nanoparticles were summaried.Finally,based on the development of crude oil extraction technology,the current advantages,remaining doubts and difficulties of nanoparticles in the field of demulsification were points out,as well as, the prospects for future research.

With the development of renewable energy sources,emerging energy storage systems have received a lot of attention. Sodium-on batteries have attracted extensive attention in the field of large-scale energy storage due to their abundant sources, safety,low cost,environmental friendliness and ease of use.The cathode materials of sodium-ion batteries affect the key properties of the battery such as energy density,cycling performance and multiplication characteristics.Currently,three cathode materials for sodium ion batteries have entered the industrialization horizon,namely layered transition metal oxides,polyanionic compounds and Prussian blue compounds.This paper summarizes the classification,properties,and research progress of main cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries,and anticipates the prospect of the potential research.

With the increasing requirements of the sealing industry and the development of the industry, the design and manufacturing technology of mechanical seals is one of the most important key objects in the field of fluid transmission and control. Besides，higher requirements of the development of mechanical seals was also put forward. In order to promote the development of mechanical seal technology, the paper briefly introduces the future development of mechanical seal from the perspective of solving the problems of mechanical seal.The main development trends of mechanical seals are point out, such as higher sealing performance under extreme working conditions, service life and stability under conventional working conditions. In view of controllable mechanical seal, combination of mechanical seal intelligence and seal will become the development trend of mechanical seal in the future.

In the context of addressing the energy crisis and realizing environmental sustainability, energy storage systems have received much attention. With the challenges posed by the rapid depletion of lithium resources and its uneven distribution, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with similar electrochemical properties have gradually become a research hotspot. Hard carbon (HC) materials have become one of the highly promising anode materials for SIBs due to their abundance of resources, cost-effectiveness and high carbon conversion. Coal-based hard carbon (CHC) has become one of the competitive materials in HC precursors due to its low cost and high carbon conversion. This article reviews recent research on the preparation strategies, optimization modifications, and electrochemical properties of coal-based hard carbon materials. Furthermore, we discuss the development prospects and research directions for coal-based hard carbon materials.

Nickel?iron (NiFe)?based transition metal catalysts have garnered significant attention in recent years for their excellent electrocatalytic performance,particularly in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).However, the catalytic efficiency of NiFe?based transition metal catalysts still has a certain gap compared with precious metal Ru or Ir, so it is necessary to modify it.Research has shown that defect engineering can effectively enhance the OER catalytic activity of NiFe?based transition metal catalysts.The types of defects in NiFe?based transition metal catalysts, the characterization methods, and the methods for constructing defect materials are summarized, and an overview the research progress of the OER study of defect?type NiFe?based transition metal catalysts is given; the challenges of defect engineering to improve the OER performance are discussed and prospects for future development are proposed.

The demand for a new generation of high⁃energy⁃density batteries is increasingly urgent for the present market. As one of the most promising secondary batteries, the research on cathode materials has attracted much attention. Carbon materials with biomass as the precursor have been widely applied to the research of lithium⁃sulfur battery anode materials because of their wide range of sources, easy preparation, and high environmental friendliness. This paper introduces the current research status of cathode materials, the main methods of preparing biomass⁃based carbon materials and the effect of different factor of preparation on the biomass⁃derived carbon materials and on the performance of lithium⁃sulfur batteries. In addition, the paper also introduces some examples of biomass⁃derived carbon materials improved by current methods. Finally,the future development direction in lithium⁃sulfur battery cathode materials was proposed.

Sodium?ion batteries are considered a promising alternative to lithium?ion and lead?acid batteries, offering a balance between performance and cost?effectiveness for applications requiring moderate energy density and low cost. Hard carbon stands out as the most promising anode material for sodium?ion batteries, with the majority of scholars attributing its sodium storage capacity primarily to its porous structure. However, characterization techniques for this porous structure are currently very limited. This hinders in?depth analysis of the hard carbon pore structure and makes it more difficult to design performance enhancement strategies. This review provides an overview of current methods for characterizing the pore structure of hard carbon, including transmission electron microscopy, gas adsorption, X?ray small angle scattering, and helium true density testing. The combined use of these methods helps accurately characterize the pore structure of hard carbon and provides research ideas and technical support for the design of high?performance hard carbon anodes.

Controlling the use of fossil fuels and promoting the development of alternative new and clean energy sources is consistent with the theme of synergistic development between resource development and environmental protection. As a green energy source with high energy density, nuclear energy can be widely applied to alleviate the energy shortage in our country. The proven uranium resource content in seawater is more than 1 000 times higher than that in uranium mines. Extracting uranium from seawater is a potential way to ensure the long?term supply of uranium resource and the sustainable development of nuclear power. Adsorption has emerged as one of the effective methods for extracting uranium from seawater due to its advantages of high adsorption efficiency, simple operation, low cost, and environmentally friendly. However, the adsorption faces a number of challenges when extracting uranium from seawater, such as the extremely low concentrations of uranium in seawater and their stable existence in the form of Ca₂UO₂(CO₃)₃ or [UO₂(CO₃)₃]^4-, as well as a large variety and quantity of coexisting ions. Therefore, the preparation of high?performance adsorbents to achieve efficient and selective separation and enrichment of uranium in seawater is one of the important research topics in the field of environmental science. In this review, the types of adsorbents for uranium extraction from seawater and the performance enhancement strategies of their properties are briefly introduced, with the aim of helping researchers in this field design promising adsorbents for practical seawater uranium extraction.

 

The use of solar photocatalytic degradation of pollutants is one of the most promising technologies to solve water pollution problems and achieve solar energy conversion. By changing the amount of g-C₃N₄ added, g-C₃N₄/Co₃O₄ catalysts with different g-C₃N₄ mass fractions are prepared based on the calcination method with cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co（NO₃)₂-6H₂O) and urea (NH₄CNO) as raw materials. The samples are analyzed and characterized using X-ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and ultraviolet visible absorption spectroscopy （UV-vis DRS）. To speculate on the active species of the catalyst, capture agent experiments are conducted on it. The results indicate that the synergistic effect between g-C₃N₄ and Co₃O₄ can improve the transfer and separation efficiency of charge carriers at the interface between the two phases. Under visible light, the degradation effect of 10% g-C₃N₄/Co₃O₄ is the best, with a degradation rate of 66.50%, which is higher than the degradation effect of single Co₃O₄ （degradation rate of 35.90%）. The active species of the catalyst are mainly superoxide radicals（·O₂-） and holes（h⁺）. After compounding with g-C₃N₄, the drawbacks of Co₃O₄ electron hole pair, such as too fast recombination and a deficient energy level structure, are improved, providing ideas for the degradation of organic pollutants in the future.

Sodium metal has the advantages of abundant sources,low cost and uniform distribution,so sodium-ion batteries are considered to be one of the most promising large-scale energy storage systems.The cathode material in sodium-ion batteriesis a critical factor affecting both the electrochemical performance and production cost of the battery.Layered transition metal oxides have attracted significant attention because of their high energy density,simple synthesis method and environmental friendliness. This paper provides a comprehensive summary and review of the research on layered cathode materials from the perspective of their composition structure,phase transition mechanism,charge compensation mechanism,and modification strategies,which reveal the key factors limiting the improvement of the electrochemical performance of layered cathode materials,analyzing the effective means to inhibit phase transition process and the rational design to enhance the reversibility of anion redox reaction.Furthermore, this paper offers an outlook on future development trend.

Powder electrocatalysts usually need adhesives for electrocatalytic performance testing,resulting in an increase in resistance,a decrease in catalyst load,and easy stripping of the catalyst under long-time testing.Ce-doped CoFe layered bimetallic hydroxides were uniformly grown on carbon cloth by one-step hydrothermal method,and the adhesive-free Ce-CoFe-P@CC self-supporting electrocatalyst was obtained by further phosphating treatment.It was characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM,N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm and XPS,and its electrocatalytic OER performance was tested.The results show that the synthesized electrode material has regular thin nanosheet morphology,and the length and thickness of the nanoflake are 2.50 μm and 0.05 μm, respectively.The doping of Ce and P optimizes the electronic structure of CoFe-LDH,promotes the charge transfer,increases the catalytically active site,and improves the durability of the electrode.The Ce-CoFe-P@CC only needs an overpotential of 187 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm²,showing excellent OER catalytic performance.

The photocatalysis technology becomes more and more mature. As a non?metallic visible light responsive catalyst, carbon nitride (g?C₃N₄) has attracted wide attention in the field of solar energy conversion and environmental protection due to its adjustable band gap structure, high physicochemical stability and environmental friendliness. It has become a new research hotspot. However, g?C₃N₄ also has some defects, such as small specific surface area, recombination of photogenerated electron and holes, and low utilization rate of light energy,which limit the application of g?C₃N₄ in practice.Therefore,the review focus on the development and research results of g?C₃N₄,and summarizes g?C₃N₄ from the aspects of development process,synthesis method, performance application,modification and optimization,and predicts how to further improve the performance of g?C₃N₄ to cope with the future development of the world.

In order to achieve high ionic conductivity and good alkaline resistance of Polysulfone?based AEMs, chloromethylated polysulfone was prepared by green method, and crown ether?functionalized polysulfone membranes with different triethylamine and amino crown ether contents were then prepared using amino crown ether as cross?linking agent and metal ions and triethylamine as cationic groups followed by crown ether functional polysulfone membrane with triethylamine and triethylamine as cationic groups(PSF?CE _X ?QA_1?X ).The effect of the addition of polyethylene glycol on the membrane properties was explored by introducing the low molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the above polysulfone cross?linking membrane.The results shown that the presence of hydrophilic polyethylene glycol helps to facilitate the formation of ordered ion channels in the membrane.The conductivity and alkali?resistant stability of PSF?CE _X ?QA_1?X ?PEG were improved compared to PSF?CE _X ?QA_1?X membrane.Among them, the electrical conductivity of PSF?CE_0.1?QA_0.9?PEG at 80 ℃ is 56.78 mS/cm,which can retain 85% of the original conductivity after alkaline resistance test.In addition,PSF?CE _X ?QA_1?X ?PEG has good dimensional and thermal stability.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is generally used for phthalate plasticizers, because of its high plasticizing efficiency. These phthalate plasticizers will cause the problems of durability, toxicity and potential carcinogenicity, they can make service life shorter, endanger human and animal health. So it has been gradually replaced by the new type of plasticizer. Polyester plasticizer is a kind of green environmental protection plasticizer and can better solve the disadvantage of traditional plasticizer, so it was widely studied at home and abroad. In this article, plasticizing mechanism(Lubricity theory, Gel theory, Free volume theory), selection criteria, synthesis and classification of the polyester plasticizer are introduced. The polyester plasticizer is mainly divided into two categories:biological polyester plasticizer and petroleum polyester plasticizer.

The activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) by cobalt?based catalysts has the advantages of high catalytic activity, simple operation, easy recyclability, and low cost. Hence, it has attracted much attention in the field of advanced oxidation processes in recent years. This paper reviewed typical methods for the synthesis of cobalt?based catalysts, including solid phase, gas phase, and liquid phase methods. Several types of cobalt?based catalysts for PMS activation, including cobalt oxides with special morphologies, supported cobalt catalysts, and cobalt?based composite metal oxides, were summarized. The applications of these cobalt?based catalysts in environmental remediation via PMS activation were also elaborated, such as the degradation of organic dyes, endocrine?disrupting chemicals, and pharmaceutical and personal care products. Finally, the current shortcomings of cobalt?based catalysts in PMS activation were summarized, and some future research directions in this area were proposed.

As the global energy system accelerates its transition toward renewable energy,electrochemical energy storage devices play an increasingly vital role in ensuring power supply stability and promoting efficient energy utilization.However,low-temperature environments pose a significant challenge to the performance of electrochemical energy storage devices.Especially for widely used lithium-ion batteries,the problems such as significant decrease of charge and discharge capacity,increase of internal resistance and shortening of cycle life are particularly prominent,which seriously limits the commercialization development of lithium-ion batteries in cold regions and other scenarios.To address this challenge,this paper provides a systematic review of current research progress on the performance of electrochemical energy storage devices in low-temperature environments.First of all,focusing on the core research topic of modification and optimization of battery cathode materials and electrolyte systems.This study systematically elucidates the mechanism contributing to battery performance under low-temperature conditions,including changes in material resistivity,reduced reactivity of active materials,and increased viscosity of electrolyte materials.Then,the modification strategies of electrolyte to improve the performance of batteries under low temperature are reviewed and analyzed.In addition,other effective ways to optimize the low-temperature performance of energy storage devices and their mechanisms for improving the electrochemical performance are also expounded.

Nanbao shallow reservoir is a typical complex fault block reservoir. According to oil products, 60.9% of the reserves belong to conventional thin oil reservoirs. The reservoir has the geological characteristics of active marginal and bottom water, small fault block and small oil area and has come into extra high water cut stage. Because of low water flooding production rate, it is urgent to carry out technical research to further improve reservoir recovery. The paper regarded the reservoir of NmⅡ4② layer in Gao 63⁃10 block as a typical unit. According to the geological characteristics of small oil sands area and sufficient natural energy, the paper puts forward a new oil drive method named deep huff and puff. Based on the oil well，this new oil drive method can improve the swept volume and flushing efficiency and has the advantages of small scale, low investment and flexible adjustment. It provides technical reference for development and adjustment of similar reservoirs at extra⁃high water cut stage.

Microchemical technology is a front technology of multi⁃disciplines in chemical engineering fields. The technology core is microscale transfer and chemical reaction in microchannel reactor. The application of microchemical technology can improve resource⁃utilization efficiency for energy saving and consumption reduction, enhance security, intensification and miniaturization of the chemical process, by decreasing dispersion scale, strengthening mixing and transfer, raising control and efficiency. The technology principle, characteristics, advantage and industrial application of microchemical technology were introduced, with the aim of deepening people's understanding of the microchemical technology, and then promoting the development and application of microchemical technology.

Leng X block，the development stage by inject water,has a large area of development after 2006. Area of oil has together 3.5 km2,geological reserves have 3.19×106 tons. The physical properties of reservoir are poor and the average permeability is 15×10-3μm2,it is a typical of low permeability reservoir. The reservoir have difficulty in water injection, poor well conditions and low production.“Gas injection” is the most efficient recovery method of low permeability reservoir .In accordance with the geological features of Leng X block, by using multicomponent model of software, threedimensional geological model was established, production history was matched and performance was predicted .The oil recovery of reservoir can be improved by gas injection. 

A single?mode focused microwave synthesis system was used to rapidly synthesize MIL?53(Fe).The effect of reaction additive hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) on the crystal structure, morphology, and particle size of MIL?53(Fe), as well as the microwave synthesis conditions on catalytic performance of MIL?53(Fe) were investigated using 10 mg/L Rhodamine B as a target contaminant. The results show that the addition of CTAB reduces the size of MIL?53(Fe) and makes the shape more regular. When the microwave power is 75 W,the temperature is 100 ℃,the synthesis time is 1 h,n(FeCl₃·6H₂O)/n (CTAB)=1∶0.5,the catalyst dosage is 0.2 g/L,the degradation rate of Rhodamine B can be more than 90% in 100 minutes under the radiation of 300 W tungsten lamp. It was known from free radical capture experiments that holes and ·OH were the main active species in the photocatalytic process.

The dual?carbon strategy highlights the urgent need to develop efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production technologies. Graphitic carbon nitride (g?C?N?) has attracted wide attention due to its low cost and excellent stability, but it suffers from insufficient visible light absorption and rapid carrier recombination, which severely restricts its hydrogen production performance. To overcome these issues, we successfully prepared boron-doped g?C₃N₄ （BCN） using a H₃BO₃?assisted segmented temperature?controlled calcination strategy, with boric acid as the boron source precursor. The effects of boron doping on the band structure and photoelectric properties of g?C₃N₄ were systematically investigated through various photoelectric characterization techniques. The results demonstrate that an appropriate level of boron doping effectively modulates the electronic structure of g-C₃N₄, enhancing its visible light absorption and improving the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers. Specifically, the BCN?2∶5 sample (with a mass ratio of H?BO? to g?C?N? of 2∶5) achieves a hydrogen evolution rate of up to 1 507 μmol/(g·h) under visible light irradiation. This study offers valuable insights and guidance for the design of highly efficient doped g?C₃N₄ photocatalysts.

During the process of water electrolysis,the "bubble effect" will significantly reduce the overall performance of the system.The classical nucleation theory (CNT model） fails to reveal the regulatory mechanism of the electrical double layer (EDL),surface microstructure,and mass transfer synergy on nucleation kinetics in actual electrochemical systems.This study develops an electrode interface bubble nucleation model with the synergistic effect of electrical double layer?mass transfer?surface microstructure,considering the synergistic regulation mechanism of ion migration diffusion behavior,electrode surface nano microstructure,and concentration boundary layer on the nucleation process.The research results show that the synergistic effect of EDL and microporous structurel generates significant potential gradients at the surface micropores,leading to an increase in local supersaturation and prioritizing bubble nucleation.At high overpotentials,the effect of the concentration boundary layer on nucleation energy barrier exhibits a nonlinear relationship.The thinner the concentration boundary layer is,the more significant the decreasing trend of the nucleation rate at high potential will be.The growth of bubbles is dominated by the net concentration flux near the three?phase contact line (TPCL),exhibiting a two?stage growth characteristic.The study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the surface design of gas evolution electrodes.

An oil⁃soluble molybdenum sulfide catalyst (MS⁃1) was prepared by a ‘one⁃pot’ synthesis method and characterized using XRD,FT⁃IR,XPS,and HR⁃TEM.The hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) performance toward methyl oleate and the hydrotreating capability for waste oils (with phosphorus,chlorine,and total metal contents of 18.14,138.80,and 173.60 µg/g,respectively) were evaluated in a high⁃pressure reactor.The results indicate that two⁃dimensional monolayer MoS2 active species were generated in situ during reaction,and the synthesized catalyst exhibited excellent overall performance.Under the conditions of a catalyst dosage of 380 µg/g,a reaction temperature of 360 °C,an initial H2 pressure of 4.0 MPa,and a reaction time of 3.0 h,the deoxygenation rates of methyl oleate and waste cooking oil reached 99.2% and 99.7%,respectively.The acid value and bromine value of the waste oil were significantly reduced from 173.60 mgKOH/g and 117.70 gBr/(100 g) to 5.28 mgKOH/g and 5.65 gBr/(100 g).The removal efficiencies of phosphorus,chlorine, and total metals were 92.17%,93.87%,and 96.92%,respectively.

For the deep removal of CO from hydrogen-rich gas,the preparation of catalysts with better CO-Prox catalytic performance is a current research hotspot.CuO/NiO-CeO₂ catalysts were prepared by stepwise impregnation method,and the catalysts were characterized by XRD,BET,H₂-TPR and HR-TEM to investigate the effects of molar loading of metal Cu+Ni (metal loading) on the catalysts' structure,reduction properties and their CO-Prox performance.The results showed that Cu/Ni-O-Ce solid solutions were all formed in CuO/NiO-CeO₂ catalysts.The catalytic activity is mainly related to the content of Cu species highly dispersed on the carrier surface as well as to the content of the solid solution.Among them,the catalyst with a metal loading of 8% had a higher content of Cu species highly dispersed on the carrier surface and a higher content of solid solutions,and the catalyst exhibited better catalytic activity.Under the CO/H₂/CO₂/O₂/Ar atmosphere,a reaction temperature of 130 °C,an oxygen excess coefficient of 1.2,and a mass-air velocity of 20 266 mL/（g·h）,the CO conversion was 95.9%,and the CO oxidation selectivity was 86.3%.

Graphene oxide has become a popular material for research in recent years due to its unique physical and chemical properties. The preparation, functionalization, and application of graphene based composite membrane materials have become cutting?edge and popular topics. This article reviews the assembly methods and performance research of graphene oxide based composite membrane materials, including graphene oxide based composite Langmuir?Blodgett (LB) film, graphene oxide based composite electrospinning film, and other graphene oxide based composite films. It summarizes the recent research progress of graphene oxide based composite films and prospects their application prospects.

According to the theory of the spiral groove of the Muijderman,the MATLAB software is used to calculate the spring pressure of the dry gas seal.In this process,the gas film pressure equation is solved and a two-dimensional array about the radius and pressure is obtained. MATLAB curve fitting tool was used to fit the equation of radius and pressure.Combined with the classic example, the root pressure and the opening force of the spiral groove are calculated, and the relative error is compared with the literature, which verifies the reliability of inference calculation.The spring pressure of the working condition is obtained, which provides the basis for the design of the spring pressure and the maintenance of the spring.

Electrochemical reduction of CO₂ to CO using renewable energy is one of the effective ways to achieve "carbon neutrality" and renewable energy storage.This review briefly described the advantages and basic principles of the electrochemical reduction of CO₂ and summarized the research progress of metal electrocatalysts for the electrochemical reduction of CO₂ to CO in aqueous solutions in recent years.Specifically,this study mainly introduced the recent research progress of mono?metal nanocatalysts,bimetallic catalysts,metal?organic complex catalysts,and mono?atom catalysts,which included their influences on the electrochemical reduction of CO₂ and relevant reaction mechanisms.The introduction was conducted from several perspectives,such as the preparation of nanoparticles as well as the regulation of their composition and structure,alloy construction,structural design of metal centers as well as their ligands and carriers,and the development of mono?atom catalysts. In addition, this study summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various catalysts and predicted the development trend of metal catalysts.

High thermal stability insoluble sulfur samples were prepared by lowtemperature melting process, and the performance evaluation was carried out through a rubber vulcanization process with imported product as reference sample. The surface of the rubber "blooming" phenomenon was studied with the scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the thermal stability of insoluble sulfur sample prepared in laboratory is improved by nearly 50%. In the rubber vulcanization test, the rubber scorch time is prolonged by insoluble sulfur samples at low temperatures, and the cure rate at high temperatures is increased. Meanwhile, the "blooming" phenomenon is greatly reduced. The proformances of the insoluble sulfur sample are comparable to those of the reference sample.

Against the background of fossil fuel exhaustion and lithium resources shortage,sodium?ion batteries are considered promising secondary batteries due to their abundant resources,low theoretical cost, good quick?charge performance and excellent low?temperature performance.They are expected to play a key role in developing new energy,large?scale energy storage and low?speed electric vehicles.The selected cathode material is one of the important factors influencing the energy density,cycling performance and rate performance of a sodium?ion battery.This paper reviews the cathode materials of sodium?ion batteries,including transition metal oxides, polyanionic compounds,Prussian blue compounds and organic compounds.The paper introduced the advantages and disadvantages of sodium?ion batteries,analyzed the characteristics and research focuses of various cathode materials,and provided an outlook on the development direction of cathode materials for sodium?ion batteries.

Sodium?ion batteries have become one of the research hotspots in the field of energy storage because of their advantages of low cost and high safety. This paper tried to clarify the development history of the hard carbon anode of sodium?ion batteries and address the current disadvantages of sodium?ion batteries, such as low initial coulombic efficiency, poor stability, and insufficient high magnification performance. In addition, to explore the sodium?ion storage mechanism in hard carbon, this paper used CiteSpace to visually analyze the development process of sodium?ion batteries and reviewed the research progress of performance optimization strategies for hard carbon anode in terms of material design, structure regulation, and function design and interface optimization. Furthermore, the paper summarized and discussed the existing hard carbon sodium storage mechanisms and finally prospected the development direction of the hard carbon anode of sodium?ion batteries.

As a classic non?metallic semiconductor photocatalyst, graphite phase carbon nitride material （g?C₃N₄） has attracted widespread attention in recent years due to its stable physical and chemical properties, reasonable band structure, low cost, easy availability, safety, and pollution?free advantages. It has good application and development prospects in the fields of environmental protection, purification and energy catalysis. However, the utilization of g?C₃N₄ in studies is significantly hampered by its tiny specific surface area, limited absorption of visible light, and high rate of recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. The basic structure, characteristics and main modifications of g?C₃N₄ are reviewed, covering modification means such as elemental doping, morphological modulation, noble metal deposition and the practical applications of g?C₃N₄ in recent years at home and abroad.

In the development process of Block G in Dagang Oilfield, the air foam flooding system exhibits favorable oil displacement performance. However, affected by factors such as foam preparation technology, gas injection volume, gas injection rate and reservoir permeability heterogeneity, gas channeling is prone to occur during oil and gas production. To explore the mechanism of gas channeling in oil reservoirs and its impacts on oil and gas field development, experiments on the oil displacement performance of air foam flooding were conducted using a Brookfield viscometer, gas chromatograph and core flooding apparatus. The experiments investigated the effects of profile control agent types, gas injection modes and reservoir heterogeneity. Corresponding effective technologies for gas channeling control were also proposed. The results show that in the air foam flooding test with heterogeneous models, foam preferentially enters high-permeability layers, which increases seepage resistance and reduces water absorption index, thus achieving excellent effects of water control and oil production enhancement. Compared with conventional air foam flooding, the injection of Cr³⁺ polymer gel and hydrophobic associating polymer can effectively restrain gas channeling, and further improve the oil-increasing and water-reducing performance of air foam flooding. When the injection volume of gel plugging agent is 0.20 PV, the maximum increment of oil recovery factor reaches 15.23%; when the injection volume of polymer is 0.30 PV, the maximum increment of oil recovery factor is 11.35%.

The continuous increase in carbon emissions and the escalating severity of environmental issues, it has become a global focus of attention to explore feasible solutions. Converting CO₂ into useful fuels or chemicals through photocatalysis and electrocatalysis has garnered significant interest. TiO₂ is highly favored for its stable chemical properties, high catalytic activity, low cost, non?toxicity, and environmental friendliness. This review provides an overview of the reaction mechanisms involved in photocatalytic CO₂ reduction and electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction. It emphasizes the key applications and advantages of TiO₂ in these processes, investigates the influence of different surface modification technologies on the catalytic performance of TiO₂, explores how different morphologies of TiO₂ affect the catalytic activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction, and discusses strategies for enhancing the catalytic performance of TiO₂?based. The overview not only contributes to the existing body of knowledge through additional experimental and theoretical research on the mechanism of titanium dioxide but also provides a scientific basis for the achievement of sustainable carbon conversion processes.

The development of clean and renewable energy technologies is seen as the key to addressing energy and environmental issues.Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays key roles in storage intermittent energy,such as solar and wind,from water splitting.Recently, OER under neutral conditions receives considerable interests due to its environmental friendliness.However,the efficiency of OER under neutral environment is far below that under alkaline or acidic condition.In this review,the current researchers' understanding of the mechanism of OER under mild pH conditions is firstly outlined.Thereafter,several important characterisation techniques for in situ tracking of the electrocatalytic process of OER are presented,which is crucial to reveal the OER mechanism under neutral conditions.Moreover,an overview over catalytic materials towards neutral OER,including Co?,Ni?,and Mn?based catalysts,is provided.Finally,a brief outlook on the remaining challenges and possible strategies for promoting neutral OER is given.

Aiming at the problems of conventional temporary plugging materials in horizontal shale gas wells in Sichuan, such as insignificant increase in temporary plugging pressure, easy shedding under low pressure difference and poor plugging effect, long‑acting and short‑acting temporary plugging knots for perforation plugging were prepared. Their degradation performance and pressure‑bearing plugging performance were evaluated, the influence of injection method on plugging efficiency was explored, and a temporary plugging knot injection device was developed, thus forming a knot‑based temporary plugging fracturing technology for shale gas. The results show that in polymer slick‑water fracturing fluid at 90 ℃, the degradation rate of long‑acting temporary plugging knots is less than 10% within 83 h and more than 99% after 174 h, while that of short‑acting temporary plugging knots is less than 10% within 5 h and more than 99% after 24 h. Both types of temporary plugging knots exhibit static pressure‑bearing capacity higher than 50.0 MPa and dynamic plugging efficiency above 90%. The maximum single injection capacity of the device is 60 temporary plugging knots with a size of 18~20 mm, and the injection rate is adjustable from 1 to 60 knots per minute. Field tests were carried out in Well Ning‑A, a horizontal shale gas well, including 5 stages of inter‑stage temporary plugging and 6 stages of intra‑stage temporary plugging in casing‑deformed intervals. The average post‑plugging pressure increases were 9.0 MPa and 5.6 MPa, respectively. Field microseismic monitoring shows obvious differences in event points before and after temporary plugging, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed technology.

This study uses the solvent extraction method to separate and recover aluminum and nickel from the alkali leaching residue of spent hydrogeneration catalysts. It compared and analyzed the extraction efficiency of P204 (Di (2?ethylhexyl) phosphate) and P507 (2?ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono?2?ethylhexyl ester) and investigated the effects of initial pH, the volume fraction of P204, the saponification rate of P204, and the ratio of V(org)/V(aq) on the extraction of aluminum and nickel in the P204 extraction system. The experimental results show that P204 demonstrates better extraction performance than P507 in the separation of aluminum and nickel. Under a concentration of 35% and saponification ratio of 30% of P204, initial pH of 2.75, and V(org)/V(aq) of 3∶1, the extraction rate of aluminum and nickel is 96.45% and 2.77%, respectively. In the two?stage countercurrent extraction process, the extraction rate of aluminum can reach more than 99.50% while that of nickel is below 3.60%. The loaded organic solvent was stripped at 60 ℃ and V(org)/V(aq) =2∶1 for 20 minutes by 6 mol/L HCl solution, and the stripping efficiency of aluminum in the organic phase is 98.04%. Thus, the separation of aluminum and nickel in spent catalysts can be effectively realized.

Horizontal well is the main development way of Gaoshangpu shallow faultblock reservoir. During the process of horizontal well development edge water and bottom water usually channel, finger, flood so that the water cut goes up quickly. After water cut is high, it caused well productivity decreasing, seriously affects the development effects of oil field. To solve this problem, the CO ₂ huff and puff technology was chose. The main principle was as follows. Under the condition of temperature and pressure, oil can dissolve CO ₂ quickly. CO ₂  can expand oil，change the physical property, decrease oil viscosity and interfacial tension between water and oil, increase dissolved gas drive energy then improve oil/gas recovery factor. Field application of 34 wells show that daily oil production increases from 1.72 t to 4.88 t and water cut decreases from 97.5% to 5145%. The technology has obvious stimulation effect.

In order to better guide the cyclone design and optimization, the theoretical basis, applicability and accuracy of the prediction models of cyclone performance were investigated. Research progress on the prediction models of separation performance and pressure drop was reviewed. Combined with the influence of the particle load, particle size distribution, particle collision and coalescence, high temperature, high pressure, structure and parameters on the separation performance, the prediction models were compared and analyzed from aspects of the theoretical basis, modeling ideas and modeling tools. The results showed that prediction models were gradually rationalized but still limited. Based on the current conditions of research and application, the future direction for development of the prediction models was prospected. Comprehensive analysis of various factors' effects on the prediction models and the extension of the gassolid separation theory and prediction models to the gas-liquid separation field might be the focus of the further research．

In order to quickly define the dangerous distance of leakage in hydrogen?blended natural gas high?pressure pipelines, this study established a mathematical model of small hole jet leakage of hydrogen?blended natural gas high?pressure pipelines in open space by integrating the pipeline leakage model,nominal nozzle model and jet in cross?flow integration model,verified the applicability of the jet in cross?flow integration model under high?speed jet and analyzed the influence of hydrogen ratio,wind speed leakage hole diameter and pipeline pressure on the leakage jet trajectory and the influence of hydrogen ratio,wind speed and nominal diameter on the maximum explosion danger distance.The results shows that the JICF model is in good agreement with the experimental data and the numerical simulation data.The greater the hydrogen mixing ratio,the diameter of the leakage hole and the pipeline pressure are,the less the deflection degree of the leakage jet trajectory will be.The higher the wind speed is,the greater the deflection degree of the leakage jet will be.The relationship between the hydrogen ratio and the maximum dangerous explosion distance decreases linearly when the hydrogen ratio is lower than 44.4%,and increases linearly when the hydrogen ratio is higher than 44.4%.The relationship between the wind speed and the maximum dangerous explosion distance is approximately linear.The nominal diameter is directly proportional to the maximum explosive danger distance.