627 strains of Actinomyces were separated from the eastern part mountainous area in Fushun Liaoning by platescreening, and antagonism in agar plate, fermented liquid and its antagonistic effect were all investigated. The results indicate that YYHS-2 showed strongly antagonistic effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillius subtilis, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mutans. The morphological, culture, physiological and biochemical characteristics of YYHS-2 all met the requirements of the definition of Streptomyces in Yan Xun-chu's taxonomy system，it's obvious that YYHS-2 belongs to Streptomyces.
An imidazoline corrosion inhibitor was synthesized from diethylenetriamine and oleic acid using dimethylbenzene as a water carrying agent, and the synthetic reaction conditions, molecular structure and corrosion inhibiting capability to boiler water system were studied. Results show that the optimized parameters for the synthesis is as follows: the molar ratio of oleic acid to diethylenetriamine is 1∶1.4, the volume ratio of dimethylbenzene to reacting mixture is 1∶5 , temperature is programmed raised from 145 ℃ to 210 ℃, the reflux time is 8 h. under the optimum conditions, the yield is up to 96.5%, corrosion inhibition efficiencies on carbon steel is over 90% with imidazoline derivative concentration of 20 mg/L in boiler solutions．The imidazoline derivative was found to inhibit anode corrosion reactions greatly, and also to inhibit cathode corrosion to some extent, so it can be classified as a passivating anodic-type corrosion inhibitor. The mechanism of corrosion inhibition relies on the strong absorption of the imizadoline on metal surfaces which can prevent metal surface from contacting with water．
A glycolipids type biosurfactant, as identified by FTIR was obtained from Enterobacter cloacae, a petroleum-degrading bacterium. The optimum productivity of the biosurfactant was obtained. An optimal yield of biosurfactant was achieved at a n(C)/n(N) ratio of 8.9 using glucose as carbon source and ammonium chloride as nitrogen source when the initial pH value of the culture media is 7.2. It is shown that the presence of the biosurfactant greatly enhanced water-solubility of phenanthrene and the removal of phenanthrene from kaolinite soil. These would thus improve the bioavailability of phenanthrene and intensify the bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil.
A high efficient decalcification agent without phosphorus or metal included was developed for Liaohe crude oil with high calcium content. The calcium contents in the crude oil before and after decalcification were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Influences of decalcification agent to calcium radio, water injection amount, working temperature, time for sedimentation and reaction were studied. The results show that when the decalcification agent dosage is 0.6, filling water ratio is 10%, reaction temperature is 90 ℃，the time for settlement is 10 h and reacting time is 5 min, the decalcification rate of Liaohe crude can reach more than 90%.
2-acetyl thiophene was synthesized under ultrasonic irritation. Effects of reaction time, reaction temperature and the adding order of reactant and catalyst on yield were experimentally studied. The results show that under ultrasound irradiation, the reaction condition of synthesis of 2-acetyl thiophene becomes mild, reaction time is shortened and reaction temperature is lowered, higher yield is obtained. It can be seen that ultrasonic irritation is a potential cleaner technology.
The solubility of p-aminophenol in water, ethanol and the mixture of water and ethanol was determined respectively by the test apparatus established in the lab. The experimental water-solubility of p-aminophenol is in good consistency with the literature data, which confirms the reliability of the experimental apparatus and method. Using solubility model and S-H activity coefficient equation, the parameters lij of the solubility equation were obtained by correlating the solubility data. The thermodynamic model of the calculating solubility of p-aminophenol was obtained, which prove to be useful in predicting the solubility of p-aminophenol in the mixture solvent at higher temperature. The correlated solubility model and calculated results are consistent well with the experimental data.
The determination of micro-cooper in crude oil samples by spectrophotometer with chrome azurol S(CAS) as a colored indicator has been developed. The cineration of samples and measuring conditions were studied. After samples burning to ashes at 650 ℃ for at least 4.5 h, Cu in the ash was dissolute by HNO3 solution to separate interference ions. The molar absorption coefficient ε610 nm is 8.32×104 L/(mol•cm). The linear range is between 0～8 μg. The recovery rate of the artificial synthetic sample is 98.04%, and the actual crude oil was analyzed with RSD of the results 4.11%. This method offers the advantages such as good accuracy, ease of operation, no need for separation and high sensitivity.
Based on the experimental program of uniform design, PAC coagulation treatment for COD contained in industrial wastewater samples was studied. Effects of PAC dosage, pH and COD concentration of the sample on the COD removal rate (Y, % COD removal) and efficiency (Z, COD removed per PAC) were determined in 10 test runs for wastewater. Non-linear multi variable regression equations were defined to correlate Y and Z with the influencing factors. COD removal, Y and Z were correlated with pH, the best pH is 6~8. COD removal and Y are increased with COD concentration of the sample, the optimizing parameters was correlated with COD concentration of the sample. Z is decreased with the increase of PAC dosage. The optimum PAC dosage was determined by experiment in order to optimize the process conditions.
A series of alkylpyridine compounds were synthesized from aldehyde and ammonia water catalyzed by solid super acid heterogeneously under normal pressure in the fixed bed. Effects of the reaction temperature, feeding speed and molecular ratio of aldehyde to ammonia water on the product types and their yields were investigated. The results show that there are three products, 2-methylpyridine, 4-methylpyridine and 2-methyl -5-ethylpyridine. Under the following conditions: the feeding rate of 0.2 mL/min, reaction temperature of 300 ℃ and molecular ratio of aldehyde and ammonia water 3∶4, the yield of alkylpyridine compounds achieves the highest (60.16%), and the by-products are alkylbenzene compounds.
The low flow rate of crude oil pipelines is ubiquitous. When the transportation quantity becomes lower than allowed minimum quantity, intermittent transportation technique can be used to solve this problem. In the course of intermittent transportation, if shutdown time is too long and crude oil temperature of pipeline decreases to a certain value, pipeline restart confronts tremendous difficulties, and further probably results in the accidents of pipeline condensation. According to of heating and water power character of pipelines from Tieling to Dalian, based on intermittent transportation, the mathematical models of temperature drop, restart temperature rising and restart pressure were established. By adopting finite difference method, partial differential equation of heat conduction is transferred to linear equations system and comes into solution by iterative method. Taking two sections of pipelines covering Anshan to Da Shiqiao and Da Shiqiao to Xiongyue as examples, simulation calculations of shut-down and restart were conducted. The result shows that pipeline may work safely during winters by this way that pipelines restart and continue work for two days after 8 days shut-down when the oil flow is 23 300 t/d and outgoing temperature is 45 ℃. The method is successfully applied for Tieling-Dalian pipeline.
Based on nonlinear dynamic properties, the dynamic model of two-span sliding bear-rotor with coupling nonlinear oil and rubbing force were studied by means of numerical stimulation. The effect of oil and rubbing force on bifurcation and chaos behaviors is analyzed. Abundant dynamic behaviors of rotor were revealed by the diagrams displaying bifurcation and chaos behaviors, such as Poincaré mapping, bifurcation diagram, phase plane plots, locus trajectory, as well as amplitude spectrum. The results show that the system of bearing-rotor with nonlinear impact/rub and oil film force has abundant nolinear dynamic behaviors.
The reciprocating seal is a kind of commonly used seal forms. The mechanism of reciprocating seals under thin film lubrication state was researched. The various factors were considered and the computing formulas of leak quantity and friction coefficient were deduced. An actual example and its computing result were given，and the change trends were analyzed. The research result provides necessary foundations for applications of thin film lubrication seals.
The software Pro/E was adopted to create a three-dimensional physical model of the virtual prototype of a single bucket backhoe hydraulic excavator work device. The model was transferred into ADAMS to build a virtual prototype of the work device. A work cycle of excavator work device, as well as the tangential force, the normal force and the gravitational force of the materials was successfully simulated by using the function step. With the simulation, load-time curves of three hinge points whose articulated stresses are more complex were obtained. The research has provided the basis for the design of the excavator devices.
The steam dryness is an important quality parameter of steam. The dryness of wet steam included in high-pressured and high temperature wet steam injected into the oil layers has the important influence to the extraction efficiency. In order to realize high quality control of steam dryness in the stream-injection boiler, a computation method of steam dryness was proposed. Through this method, the steam dryness along the pipelines was firstly calculated, then vapor temperature and heat loss in the pipelines were obtained. Finally, steam dryness at the random place in the pipeline was solved. The change situation of the steam dryness in steam pipeline system was studied, which provides the reference for the heating mining system technological design.
An iterative learning control algorithm was proposed for linear time-invariant systems based on optimal theory. On the basis of the quadratic performance criterion, a gradient descent search method was adopted to fit the iterative learning control law. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has rapid convergence speed. Moreover, the actual output of the systems can track the given trajectory rapidly under less iterated times.
There exist frequently different types of bad sample images in an iris identification application system. When these bad images are imported into the identification process, generally it results in increased enrollment failure rate and localization errors or identification errors. According to the articulation and resolution of the iris part, previous image quality evaluation methods estimate whether an image is a bad or not after having calculated the iris location of an input image. So, only part of bad samples can be handled, and it is time-consuming. The reasons and characteristics that bad sample images were analyed. A real-time pre-estimation method for supporting vector machine's associated estimation network was proposed. Before the localization or rough localization process, sample images temporarily saved in memory are detected. According to the output results from pre-estimation network, the system determines re-acquisition or to turn into the next step. The experimental result shows that the method can detect most types of the bad sample images. Detection speed is fast and error rate is comparatively low. The method can satisfy the pre-estimation requirements of a real-time iris identification system.
An new image edge detection method based on the wavelet and the fuzzy logic was presented. Basing the characteristic on high frequency part and low frequency part ,detailed information and averaged information were detected by dyadic wavelet transform and fuzzy logic. The detection results are fused by logic operation. Experiment results show that it can solve the contradiction between the availability and accurate position of edge detection. The edge of image has better complementarity and effect of edge detection is evidently better than classical Canny operator and Mallat operator.
According to the analysis of traditional network security, a DNS protocol parsing engine based on IPS was designed and implemented. The architecture and functions of a DNS protocol parsing engine based on IPS was described and related models were established. In the engine, advanced NEL language was used as developing platform to detect real-time anomaly traffic and ensure real-time and high-powered network security.
A new online detection system for bottled beers was presented. The volume of beer was determined by detecting real-time the height of beer in the bottle. The system is mainly used to examine online whether the volume of beer meets the requirements. The system consists of high-speed image sensors with window functions and DSP. The developed software provides a boundary detection algorithm to detect liquid level. The system holds the following features:high detection rate, that is, each bottle detection time is less than 50 ms|nonsensibility to the external lighting and bubbles in bottles|saving photoelectric sensors because of the use of image processing technology positioning beer bottles|small volume, easy to install in the fields.
The hybrid Powell-LLPSO algorithm based on the Powell search method and the local constriction approach particle swarm optimization with linear varying inertia weight for unconstrained optimization was proposed. Powel-LLPSO is very easy to implement in practice since does not require gradient computation. The modification of both the Powell search method and particle swarm optimization intends to produce faster and more accurate convergence. The main purpose is to demonstrate how the standard particle swarm optimizers can be improved by incorporating a hybrid strategy. In a suit of 20 test function problems taken from the literature, computational results via a comprehensive experimental study, preceded by the investigation of parameter selection, show that the hybrid Powell-LLPSO approach outperforms other three relevant search techniques (the original PSO, the guaranteed convergence particle swarm optimization (GCPSO) and hybrid NM-PSO) in terms of solution quality and convergence rate. In a later part of the comparative experiment, the Powell-LLPSO algorithm was compared to various most up-to-date cooperative PSO (CPSO) procedures appearing in the literature. The comparison report still largely favors the Powell-LLPSO algorithm in the performance of accuracy, robustness and function evaluation.
For the linear equations system whose coefficient matrix is of -diagonal strictly dominance or doubly -chain diagonal strictly dominance, convergence properties of some iteration methods were studied and some convergence theorems were given, which solves the problem of spectral radius of iterative matrices. Results are applicable not only for -diagonal strictly dominance matrix or doubly diagonal strictly dominance matrices, but also for generalized strictly diagonally dominant matrices. Finally, numerical examples were given for illustrating advantage of results.
According to several iteration methods for solving large linear system, when coefficient matrix is of α-diagonal strictly dominance, a new upper bound for the spectral radius of the iterative matrices was presented. Parameter estimation for JOR method was discussed. Results are applicable not only for α-diagonal strictly dominance, but also for generalized α-diagonal strictly dominant matrices. The known conclusion was improved. Finally, two numerical examples were given for illustrating advantage of results.
Influence of round-off error and truncation error on convergence property of iterative sequences is an important topic in scientific computing. Using functional theory, the rate of convergence for the contraction mapping iterative sequences with errors in metric space was analyzed. The optimal estimate for the order of convergence was obtained.
Nano-crystallization of amorphous alloy Co60.15Fe4.35Si12.5B15 can be realized with the process of low-frequency pulsating magnetic field. In the process of crystallization, temperature rising is less than 5 ℃, which can prevent efficiently material from getting fragile and obtain the nano-crystallization soft magnetic properties superior to routine isothermal annealing. The larger GMI effect was observed in the experiment, and the best driving frequency is 2 MHz and the transverse anisotropy field is 0.9 kA/m.
Cluster enterprises take advantage of obtaining external knowledge, so knowledge spillover plays the important role in industrial cluster and cluster enterprises. The effect of knowledge spillover was analyzed through the innovation model between the knowledge spillover enterprise and the knowledge acceptant enterprise．Meanwhile the spiral promotion mechanism of the knowledge innovation and imitation was discussed. Finally, it was presented that the knowledge spillover of industrial cluster promotes the innovative and competent capability of enterprises cluster.
As a newcomer of global oil market, both China and India are confronting with substantial difficulties and intense competition in global expansion of domestic oil companies. However, there are some differences between the two countries' politics and economic systems, and their overseas expansion of petroleum industries shows different characteristics, which provides opportunities for learning from each other. According to the nation oil strategy implementation and internationalization level of enterprises, the advantages and disadvantages of global expansion patterns in China and India's oil industry were analyzed, and the opportunities for the two countries' complementary contributions were discussed. The cooperation prospects of petroleum industry's overseas expansion were described.
