Abstract: A series of alkylpyridine compounds were synthesized from aldehyde and ammonia water catalyzed by solid super acid heterogeneously under normal pressure in the fixed bed. Effects of the reaction temperature, feeding speed and molecular ratio of aldehyde to ammonia water on the product types and their yields were investigated. The results show that there are three products, 2-methylpyridine, 4-methylpyridine and 2-methyl -5-ethylpyridine. Under the following conditions: the feeding rate of 0.2 mL/min, reaction temperature of 300 ℃ and molecular ratio of aldehyde and ammonia water 3∶4, the yield of alkylpyridine compounds achieves the highest (60.16%), and the by-products are alkylbenzene compounds.

Key words: 2-methylpyridine, 4-methylpyridine, 2-methyl -5-ethylpyridine, Solid super acid, Fixed bed

摘要： 以乙醛和氨水为原料，颗粒型固体超强酸为催化剂，固定床常压气相条件下合成了以甲基吡啶为主的一系列化合物，考察了反应温度、进料速度以及原料配比对产物组成和收率的影响。结果表明：反应产物主要有3种，分别为2-甲基吡啶、4-甲基吡啶和2-甲基-5-乙基吡啶，在控制进料速度为0.2 mL/min,反应温度为300 ℃，乙醛（质量分数40%）与氨水（质量分数25%）的摩尔比为3∶4时，烷基吡啶总收率最高，可达60.16%，副产物为烷基苯类化合物。

关键词: 2-甲基吡啶, 4-甲基吡啶, 2-甲基-5-乙基吡啶, 固体超强酸, 固定床