Azelaic acid was synthesized from oleic acid by ozone and hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant jointly. According to the L9 (34) orthogonal form the four factors (including the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, the flow of ozone, different types of tungsten compounds and phase transfer catalyst) on the yield of azelaic acid were investigated under three different conditions. The results show that the yield of azelaic acid Is up to 70.0% under the following condition: oleic acid 20 g, 30% hydrogen peroxide solution 60 mL, phosphotungstic acid hydrate 0.6 g, CTAB 0.5 g, the concentration of Ozne 4 000 mg/m3. The reaction mechanism of azelaic acid synthesis was also studied, and found that •OH is an important reactant.
Preparation of solid acid catalyst from AlCl3 Lewis acid and montmorillonite by ion exchange method, the effect of modification conditions and exchanger types on catalytic results were also studied. All kinds of physical properties of montmorillonite before and after modification were measured by XRD, shows that the original soil, after treating with Lewis AlCl3, expand its layer space from 1.471 3 to 1.522 5 nm, the surface area of 120 to 239 m2/g, pore volume from 0.140 mL/g to 0.322 mL/g. The catalytic reaction on synthesis of ethylene glycol shows that the optimum condition is as follow: reaction temperature 65 ℃, reaction time 30 min, the amount of catalyst 4%, the ratio of methanol to epoxyethane 4∶1 under normal pressure. In this process, the yield of glycol ethers was 90.5%, conversion rate of ether was 96.0%, the selectivity for single-ether 94.2%, which testified solid acid catalyst is good for synthesis of ethylene glycol.
Nb2O5/SBA-15 catalyst was prepared by impregnation with mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 as the carrier, and characterized by XRD, BET and other methods. The results show that catalyst Nb2O5/SBA-15, a highly ordered two-dimensional hexagonal mesoporous structure，has larger specific surface area，pore size and pore volume. The catalytic capability of Nb2O5/SBA-15 was studied for esterification, and the optimum reaction conditions were found as follows：n(methanol)/n(oleic acid)=2∶1，reaction temperature 160 ℃，reaction time 4 h，ratio of catalyst to reaction 9.10%. Better reuse ability of Nb2O5/SBA-15 can be also obtained, which confirms Nb2O5/SBA-15 a suitable catalyst for the esterification．
The extrusion moulding experiments on the bleaching bentonite was carried out to make the extrusion easy and improve the products' mechanical strength. Influences of amounts of water and the additive on extrusion and mechanical strength were studied. It was indicated that the optimum amounts of water, in per 100 g bentonite, moulding lubricant and cementing material are 60 mL, 5 mL, and 2.5 g respectively. The strength of bentonite is increased from 45 N/cm2 to 112 N/cm2 after acid treatment.
Exploitation and research of compositive product, i.e. Corrosion Inhibitor, was carried out by the mixing of the main component of corrosion inhibitor with surfactants, chelate, organic amine and liquid of prefabrication, then the optimal proportion was found out in order to build the best matching systems. The models among the anti-corrosive capacity of the inhibitor and operation conditions were established by polynary quadratic regression. The optimum operation conditions obtained by non-linear programming (NLP) are the following: the amount of the surfactants, chelate, organic amine and the liquid of prefabrication is 0.112 6, 0.010 2, 0.213 9 and 0.357 2 respectively. The verified experiment showed that the products under the optimum operation conditions had the better water-soluble capablity, slower corrosion rate and higher anti-corrosive capacity (up to over 99%).
The flocculation refining and solvent refining experiments was carried out to show that solvent refining is better for the recycling the lubricating oil waste. The optimal conditions of furfural refining were as follows: the ratio of solvent and oil 1.5, refining temperature 80 ℃|while the optimal condition of NMP refining was 1.0, refining temperature 60 ℃, so the furfural refining had a larger economic profits. Under the optimal technology conditions, the properties of the recovered oil were listed as follows: viscosity index 102.6, 25 ℃ refractive index 1.459 4, colourity 1.0, solidifying point -16 ℃, w(carbon residual)0.499%, w(S)0.057%, oil recovery 93.96%. According to this result, the recovered oil could reach the HVI standard of base oil. And the recovered oil could be used as finished lubricating oil after adding suitable amounts of additives.
The catalytic oxidation experiments were carried out to prepare the horniness oxidized wax from paraffin wax and polyethylene. The results show that good products can be obtained under the following conditions: reaction temperature 170 ℃, reaction time 7 h, mass ratio of paraffin wax and polyethylene 7∶3, the amount of catalyst 0.01%, the amount of additive 1.0%, the air flow 0.20 m3/h. acid number of the product was 9.82 mg(KOH)/g, saponification number is 79.19 mg(KOH)/g, penetration is 9.2 (0.1 mm), melting point was 87.4 ℃, index of refraction(75 ℃ ) was 1.453 6. As compared with natural hard wax(carnauba wax)，their properties were quite similar each other.
According to micro-emulsification theories, Span80+Tween80+ oleic acid was chosen as the surfactant to prepare methanol-diesel micro- emulsified fuel with many kinds of concentrations ratio. The effects of different mixture ratio of surfactant, amount of methanol, different HLB and different additive on stability of micro-emulsion diesel oil were investigated in more details．As a result, the optimum conditions were found as follows: the value of m(Span80) ∶m（Tween80）∶m(oleic acid) 3∶3∶6, the amount of the surfactant 4％(wt), the additive n-butyl alcohol and the ratio of methanol and fuel oil 1∶8.
Taurine is of good medical-care function in physiology. There are many methods to extract taurine, but a new method was worked out by comparing and analyzing experimental results, that is, extracting taurine from meretrix meretrix by isoelectric point method. This new method offer advantages such as simple in operation, easy in controlling, no pollution, higher yield and lower cost. It opens a new way for the extraction of taurine. The taurine's medical application in anti-cancer, blood pressure lowering, hypoglycemic effect, anti-senility and health-care activity were also discussed.
Today there is no testing instruments for compress natural gas(CNG) station in our country, so a testing system for CNG regulator station was designed. Based on LabWindows/CVI software from Natural Instrument(NI) Company and virtual instrument technology, the system provides a scientific basis for novel designing and improving for regulators and monitoring devices as result of realizing many real-time detection and control of operating parameters for the regulator. Experimental results show that the system has some good features, such as convenient detection, reliable operation and user-friendliness, which can perfectly meet testing requirements of characteristic parameters of the CNG regulator station.
The plastic mobile was taken up product as an example. The plastic melt flow was analyzed and simulated by moldflow software，and the mold was designed by the adoption of UG software according to the basic process of modern mold design method，which leads to reasonable injection molding parameters and the optimized mold structure．Compared with the traditional mold design method，the modern mold design method enhances the accuracy of the design and shortens the cycle of the mold design and manufacture，thus is more efficient and economical．
With the application of solar energy storage system with phase change thermal storage to air conditioning and refrigeration, an air conditioning and refrigeration of solar energy storage system with phase change thermal storage was presented. Partial thermo-technical parameters in exothermic process of phase change thermal storage equipment was calculated, and then the heat efficiency of air conditional refrigeration system was analyzed. According to the analysis it was found that this system has avoided instability and discontinuity problems which existed in previous solar energy air conditioning systems. Solar energy storage system with phase change thermal storage is suitable to store solar energy and provide heat source for air conditional refrigeration system due to its good characteristics such as small volume, great heat storage capacity, good uniformity of releasing temperature and easy control.
In the field of oil production, gathering and transportation, the use of traditional technologies of coal and natural gas to achieve heating oil causes a lot of energy consumption, and the combusions of coal and natural gas causes the emissions of a lot of CO2, which results in the greenhouse effect. The gathering and transferring system use of solar energy technology to heat oil was proposed, which is a new way for energy conservation and environmental protection. It can effectively reduce the environmental pollution and CO2 emissions.
By utilizing finite element analysis software ANSYS, a finite element model for rubber O-sealing ring and its boundry was set up.The change of shape and stress distribution under different oil pressure and initial compressibility was analyzed, and the relations between maximum contact stress, oil pressure and initial compressibility was deduced. Then the position of possible crack was described , which is a theoretical basis for reasonable installation and use.
As the traditional way of taking photographs has many problems and the large-scale camera has some disadvantages, a camera manipulator instead of the functions of camera crane was designed. The number of joint of the camera manipulator and deputy campaign were designed to complete the basic functions of camera crane. By D-H methods, the manipulator kinematics model was established and the positives and inverse kinematics analysis were carried out. Thus the equation of the camera manipulator was solved.
The theory of rupture mechanics was applied into harmonic gear driving to study the fatigue failure mechanism of flexspline. The fatigue failure models of flexspline were set up, and the fuzzy reliability compute formulas of anti-fatigue fracture for flexspline were deduced, Then the cracks reliability and reliable life were estimated by a specific example. This new calculation method can make up for the shortage of the normal regulations design for flexspline.
Based on the forming principle of the involute, the methods of processing and creating gear was studied by the use of parameters rack-type tool through analyzing the formation of involute teeth profile. Under the AutoCAD software environment, the dynamic simulation of rack-type cutting gear modeling was achieved by the use of LISP language. And on this basis, the created pinion-type was used as a cutter tool to process the inside and outside gear profile in dynamic simulation. This method reduces the workload of the non-circular gears design, and provides a new idea and method for the computer-aided design.
Rotor system is an important device in petrochemical equipment units and there is a non-normal phenomena of big vibration in it. Based on the finite element method, the model of the dynamics characteristics of a rotor system was set up, and problems such as critical speeds and steady imbalance response were calculated. The effect of imbalance distribution on rotor dynamics characteristics was studied and the parameters affecting the dynamics characteristics of the rotor system were found out. This provides a theoretical basis for fault diagnosis and resolution of rotor system.
According to the web information resource distributing features and the requirements semantic-based searching, a semantic recommendation model of information resource by use of publishing/subscribing technologies was presented. The resource is published to the distributing model system by way of message and the users' personalized requests are stored in local inquiring by ways of subscription. The system gives an approach to realize the information services change from users' searching information to server's recommending personalized content, which implements content-based information matching by use of semantic technology. The model system is more efficient deployed than other existing searching educational resource based on web page. Experimental results show that the distributing model system performs better than existent web page recommendation methods in the traditional web page.
Starting from the occupation training demand of Xinjiang oil field to the type of work in oil extraction, the design and implementation of oil extraction simulation training system were researched, with the thought of combining train and identification for the occupation skills. The overall structure design of simulation training system for oil extraction was analyzed. The water flooding and oil gathering simulation training system, the dynamic management simulation training system for oil filed production, the monitor and management system, and the functions of oil extraction automation simulation training system were discussed in detail. Software system implementation of the simulation training was introduced. This multimedia courseware for the simulation training system, and use of automated production simulation software for operational skills training, meet the needs of modern training in the oil field.
To deal with the prematurity and low convergence speed when the genetic algorithm is used for global optimization, a rough set attribute reduction algorithm based on adaptive GA was proposed. Based on the adaptive crossover operator and mutation operator that adjust the crossover probability and mutation probability of each individual, the selection probability of every individual of the population was optimized in this algorithm. Experimental results show that the algorithm can evidently improve global optimization capability and convergence speed.
In response to the spam problem, the present mail transfer protocol-SMTP was analyzed. As the commands are transmitted by plaintext in the SMTP, it is easy to bring forth some hidden trouble of safety. So the SMTP was extended in its type of data and credibility. Based on the result, a new model was set up and its realization was tested. The result of test shows that the case is effective.
Based on fractal dimension in feature extraction and support vector machine (SVM) classification, an iris recognition algorithm was presented. The iris was located by a circle detector according to mathematical morphology and mapped to polar coordinates space. Then a new definition of fractal dimension-extreme value weighted mean fractal dimension was given, and the feature of iris was extracted. At last, a SVM classifier was used in matching stage. The experimental results show that the system based on extreme value weighted mean fractal dimension in feature extraction and SVM classification is precise and rapid.
The method of Direct3D call the model (entities), which is created by 3DSMAX in a virtual three-dimensional (3D) scene was introduced, that is, how to use 3D works by D3D. The concept of 3D entities was proposed and the loading process of model which is based on an comprehensive transformation of coordinate was studied. The transformation of vector-coordinate and method to determine the 3Dmodel's space location during process of loading 3D model were specially introduced. Finally, procedures were used to reproduce a real-life scene. The 3D model's handling is seldom introduced in Direcrt3D, so this study has some value of application.
Let G be a simple graph with n vertices, the new upper bound on the sum of the Q spectral radius of a graph and its complement were given by its m edges, minimal degree of a vertex δ, maximal degree of a vertex Δ and chromatic number k． When graph G has no isolated vertex ,we have 2(n-1)≤ρ(Q(G))+ρ(Q([AKG-]))≤2(Δ-δ+n-1) and ρ(Q(G))+ρQ([AKG-]))≤2n-3+[KF(][JB((]2-[SX(]1[]2[SX)][JB))](n-1)n[KF)]，where t=min{k,[AKk-]}. When graph [AKG-] has l isolated vertices ,we have ρ(Q(G))+ρ(Q([AKG-]))≤2n-3+[KF(][JB((]2-[SX(]1[]k[SX)][JB))](n-1)2+l[KF)]. At the same time the upper bound on the sum of the Laplace spectral radius of a graph and its complement was given.
