Guaiacol (GUA) is extensively used as the model compound in catalytic studies of lignin, a most abundant renewable aromatic resource in nature. However, GUA is not easy to obtain good activity and selectivity in the hydrodeoxygenation reaction due to its complex structure with various reaction possibilities. So far, researchers have done great efforts to develop efficient catalysts and reaction processes for breakthroughs. This paper reviewed the research progress of transition metal catalysts and noble metal catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation of GUA, and discussed the reaction pathways and the factors which may affect the catalytic behavior, particularly focusing on their catalytic conversions of GUA to phenol or cyclohexanol through C_AR-O bond cleavages and aromatic ring saturation. A prospect regarding the future research directions on the catalyst improvement and reaction process optimization were also presented.

Due to the high storage capacity and multiple electron?transfer chemistry of sulfur (S), Li?S battery with virtues of high theoretical capacity/energy density, eco?friendliness and abundant supply has been considered as one of the most promising candidates for next?generation battery systems. The capacity of Li?S battery is much higher than that of traditional metal oxide cathode?based lithium?ion battery, which is regarded as the highest capacity of solid?state cathode?materials at current stage. As a vital component of Li?S battery, separator plays a profound role in resolving crucial issues (e.g., shuttling effect, volume expansion, poor conductivity and metal dendrites, etc.) of Li?S battery. So far, some pioneering works have been reported in the exploration of separators for Li?S battery. On this basis, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), possessing the advantages of low density, high porosity, well?defined structure, designable structure and functions, is a kind of potential materials for the functional modification of Li?S battery separators. This review will summarize the reported works about COFs in Li?S battery separators including their structural characteristics, preparation?methods, application forms and battery properties. It will also provide a brief perspective for the applications of COFs in Li?S battery separators and hope that it might give new insights for scientists in related fields.

With the rapid development of human?computer interaction, electronic skin, wearable electronics and other emerging fields, flexible strain sensing materials as one of the core components have become the hot spot of the current research. The conductive polymer composites composed of conductive material and flexible polymer have the advantages of good flexibility, light weight, easy processing and forming, and the conductive property of the material changes under strain stimulus, so it can be used as flexible strain sensing material. This paper reviewed the classification and characteristics of flexible strain sensing materials based on conductive polymer composites, introduced the strain response mechanism of different sensing materials in detail, and summarized the factors that affect the strain sensing performance of conductive polymer composites.

As an important semiconductor photocatalytic material, bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃) is considered as a promising visible photocatalyst due to its special electronic structure and excellent visible light response performance. It displays a good application prospect in photocatalytic treatment of wastewater. However, the application of Bi₂O₃ is limited by its low photocatalytic performance, therefore, Bi₂O₃ pholocatalyst with superior performance is expected to be obtained by modifying methods by the researchers. In this review, a series of modification methods, such as surface morphology regulation, surface modification, metal ion modification and semiconductor combination, are summarized. Then, the future development of modified Bi₂O₃ photocatalytic materials is prospected.

For the under?expansion jet generated after the failure leak of high?pressure pipeline, the Birch theory model was used to replace the actual pipeline leak hole with a pseudo?source. Under different conditions of Hydrogen Blend Ratio (HBR), leak hole size and pipeline running pressure, the concentration field distribution, explosion hazard boundary and explosion hazard range of hydrogen?doped natural gas pipelines after leakage and diffusion were studied. The results show that with the increase of HBR, the aggregation of HDNG after leak diffusion is reduced, the explosion hazard range is gradually decreased and the distal hazard is reduced. However, the increase of HBR shifts the position of explosion hazard boundary downward and increases the proximal hazard. With the increase of leak hole size and pipeline pressure, it will increase the influence area of HDNG after leak diffusion, which will move the explosion hazard boundary position upward and increase the explosion hazard range gradually and increase the distal hazard.

With the improvement of environmental uncertainty, the demand for supply chain stability of petrochemical enterprises in China is rising day by day. The evaluation of supply chain resilience of petrochemical enterprises has become an important means to judge the risk coping ability of petrochemical enterprises. This paper constructs a supply chain resilience evaluation index system in the petrochemical enterprises. And fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and BP neural network are used to evaluate the toughness strength of petrochemical enterprise supply chain, so as to determine the toughness level of petrochemical enterprise supply chain.It is found that the strength of supply chain toughness of petrochemical enterprises is uneven, and the overall level of supply chain resilience is low. On the basis of the research results, some practical suggestions are put forward for the forging of resilient supply chain in petrochemical enterprises.

High?speed tensile tests of HC420/780DP dual?phase steel at strain rates of 0.001，0.100，1.000，10.000，100.000 s^－1 and 200.000 s^－1 were carried out. The dynamic mechanical behavior of the materials under different strain rates was studied. The true stress?strain curves of HC420/780DP at different strain rates were obtained, and the fracture elongation, tensile strength and flow stress were analyzed. The results show that the flow stress, yield strength and tensile strength of HC420/780DP dual?phase steel increased with the increasing strain rate. Based on the modified Johnson?Cook constitutive model, the dependent plastic deformation constitutive model versus HC420/780DP dynamic strain rate was established. The fitting results of the optimized constitutive equation are in consistent with the curves of experimental results.

To investigate the structure?function relationship of novel extended surfactants and the mechanisms of reducing interfacial tensions (IFTs) at oil?water interface, the interfacial tension values of 13?P series 13?P（I?C₁₃（PO） _x S,x=5,10,15,20）with different concentrations of NaCl and n?hexane to n?tetradecane at fixed concentration were measured by rotary drop interfacial tension meter. The result indicates that at higher numbers of PO（x=15,20), the n_min values become higher with increasing concentration of NaCl. At lower numbers of PO（x=5,10), the n_min values become lower with increasing concentration of NaCl. It reflects two mechanisms on reducing IFTs: Hydrophilic lipophilic equilibrium effect and hydrophilic hydrophobic group in size matching effect, both of which work together, and the size matching plays a crucial role at lower numbers of PO and HLB dominates at higher numbers of PO.

For the MIMO nonlinear systems, a multivariable ORVFL neural network adaptive predictive control algorithm based on Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm was proposed in this paper. The algorithm uses the ORVFL network to approximate the nonlinear system model, and applies to the multi?step prediction of the system process. In order to improve the performance of the Sparrow Search Algorithm, the algorithm is used to optimize the system performance index online and solve the optimal control law of each sampling period. The results show that the algorithm has good control performance and good anti?model mismatch ability.

In the multiphase flow pipeline transportation system， in the process of hydrate slurry flow， rugged terrain will be encountered. At this time， the use of inclined pipeline is particularly important. Therefore， the influence of the flow characteristics of gas hydrate slurry in the inclined pipe on the blocked pipeline was studied. The hydrate plugging experiment of oil + natural gas in oil?based system was carried out on the low?temperature and high?pressure visual hydrate experimental loop， and the effects of initial pressure， initial flow and other factors on the flow and plugging time of natural gas hydrate slurry were explored. At the same time， the micro changes of hydrate particles in the process of hydrate formation， flow and pipe plugging were analyzed by real?time online particle tester. The experimental results show that with the increase of initial pressure， the induction time， formation time and slurry flow time of natural gas hydrate are shortened， and the pipe plugging trend of natural gas hydrate increases. With the increase of initial flow rate， the induction time， formation time and slurry flow time of natural gas hydrate are prolonged， and the pipe plugging trend of natural gas hydrate is reduced. Finally， the process from hydrate formation to pipe plugging and the plugging mechanism were analyzed. The research results of gas hydrate plugging pipelines in oil?based systems show that the probability of gas hydrates blocking pipelines can be effectively reduced by reducing initial pressure and increasing initial flow rates in oil?based systems. The research results can provide theoretical reference and basis for maintaining and ensuring the safe flow of natural gas hydrate in pipelines.

HP?MOF?74(Mg _x Ni_1-x ) (x=0.25, 0.50, 0.75) was synthesized by solvothermal method with Mg and Ni as central metals and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) as template. Using flue gas CO₂ and N₂ as adsorbents, the performance of HP?MOF?74(Mg _x Ni_1-x ) in adsorption and separation of CO₂/N₂ at 273 K and 298 K was investigated, the isotherms of CO₂ and N₂ on three different HP?MOF?74(Mg _x Ni_1-x ) materials were measured at 273 K and 298 K by static volumetric method, and the experimental data sets were fitted by Dual Site Langmuir Freundlich (DSLF) and Single Site Langmuir Freundlich (SSLF) models. The adsorption selectivity of CO₂/N₂ binary mixture was estimated according to the Ideal Adsorption Solution Theory (IAST). In addition, the isosteric heat of adsorption (Q_st) was calculated using the Clausius Clapeyron equation. The results show that the CO₂ adsorption capacity of HP?MOF?74(Mg_0.50Ni_0.50) sample is 4.864 mmol/g at 273 K and 100 kPa; the adsorption isotherms of CO₂ and N₂ on HP?MOF?74(Mg _x Ni_1-x ) are in good agreement with Dual Site Langmuir Freundlich (DSLF) and Single Site Langmuir Freundlich (SSLF) models respectively, indicating that the adsorption behavior of CO₂ is double sites adsorption, while the adsorption behavior of N₂ is single site adsorption; at 273 K and 100 kPa, the IAST adsorption selectivity of HP?MOF?74(Mg_0.25Ni_0.75) for CO₂ is 2 263, and the adsorption capacity and selectivity are better than those of traditional adsorbent MOF?74; the CO₂ isosteric heat of adsorption on HP?MOF?74(Mg _x Ni_1-x ) is higher than that of N₂, indicating that the surface free binding energy of CO₂ on HP?MOF?74(Mg _x Ni_1-x ) is higher.

Paraffin emulsion was prepared from liquid paraffin by the means of adding coemulsifier. The effects of the emulsifie species and their dosages, water dosage, emulsifying temperature, and emulsifying time on the paraffin emulsion properties were studied. The results showed that composite emulsifiers could provide better performance for the paraffin emulsion. The influencing factors can be arranged in order：water dosage>emulsifier dosage>emulsifying temperature>emulsifying time. Stable paraffin emulsion can be prepared under the optimum conditions：m(glycerol monostearate)/m(Tween80)=3∶4, emulsifier dosage 0.9％，emulsifying temperature 85 ℃，emulsifying time 50 min，water dosage 62.0％ and stirring speed 1 100 r/min. The experimental result indicated that the liquid paraffinemulsion had better stability density and dispersibility.

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are molecular metal oxides composed of transition metals in their highes oxidation states (Mo,W,V,Nb,Ta). The high solubility and low specific surface area of pure inorganic POMs limi its practical applications in polar solvents. Due to the widespread applications of organic?inorganic hybrid POMs and immobilized POMs in the field of catalysis, energy conversion, storage and magnetism have attracted considerable attention.The design and synthesis of transition metal/Lanthanide modified organic?inorganic polyoxometalates and immobilized polyoxometalates composites are reviewed,and the practical applications of POMs with novel structures are summarized and outlooked.

The dust removal characteristics and working mechanism of the current four major types of dust collectors were reviewed. It mainly focused on electrostatic precipitator technology, introduced its research status at home and abroad in recent years, analyzed the influence of many different factors (equipment structure parameters, gas characteristics, dust properties) on the efficiency of electrostatic precipitator equipment, and summarized electrostatic precipitator. The current technical shortcomings of the collector: The selection of the discharge electrode, the optimization of the best parameters, the anti?corrosion and cleaning of the dust collecting plate. In the future, the following issues should be focued on: development of discharge electrode materials suitable for new forms of electrostatic precipitators, discharge characteristics and dust removal efficiency in complex atmospheres, reduced insulation performance at the dust collector, and corrosion protection.

As the greenhouse effect becomes gradually significant, CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) has turned into a potential emission reduction measure, and the adsorption method of CO₂ capture is one of the most promising technologies. Porous solid adsorbents have attracted widespread attention due to their excellent CO₂ adsorption performance. This review focused on the research of CO₂ removal by adsorption. Five different adsorption materials were introduced, and the main factors affecting CO₂ adsorption were summarized, as well as the adsorption performance of modified materials. The results show that the changes of temperature, pressure, and pore structure can affect the physical adsorption properties of the materials; reduction, oxidation, and metal ion loading modification can improve the CO₂ adsorption performance by Changing the type or number of functional groups on the surface of the material.

Titanium sulfate was used as a raw material, and a titanium oxide (TiO₂) was prepared by direct high?temperature calcination in a muffle furnace. FT?IR, XRD, UV?Vis, SEM were used to characterize the structure of the catalyst. The results show that the direct calcination method can prepare anatase titanium dioxide and apply it to the oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene. Using acetonitrile as the extractant and titanium oxide as the catalyst, the oxidation method was used to remove dibenzothiophene from the simulated oil. The effects of catalyst dosage, reaction temperature, n(H₂O₂)/n(S), and different sulfur compounds on the desulfurization effect were investigated, and the recycling performance of the catalyst was also investigated. Under the optimal desulfurization conditions, the desulfurization rates of dibenzothiophene, 4,6?dimethyldibenzothiophene, benzothiophene, and mixed diesel are 99.5%, 35.6%, 65.0%, and 53.4%. After the catalyst was recycled five times, the catalytic desulfurization effect was still as high as 90.3%.

This paper proposes a model?free control protocol design method based on off?policy reinforcement learning for solving the optimal consensus problem of heterogeneous multi?agent systems with leaders. The dynamic expression of local neighborhood error is complicated for the heterogeneous multi?agent systems because of its different system state matrices. Compared with the existing solution of designing observer for distributed control of multi?agent system, the method of solving global neighborhood error state expression proposed in this paper reduces the complexity of calculation. Firstly, the dynamic expression of global neighborhood error of multi?agent system constructed from augmented variables is established. Secondly, the coupled Bellman equation and HJB equation are obtained through the value function of quadratic form. Then, the Nash equilibrium solution of the multi?agent optimal consensus is obtained by solving the optimal solution of the coupled HJB equation, and the Nash equilibrium proof is given. Thirdly, an off?policy Q?learning algorithm is proposed to learn the Nash equilibrium solution of the multi?agent optimal consensus. Then, the proposed algorithm is implemented by using the critic neural network structure and gradient descent method. Finally, a simulation example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

With the increasing complexity of networked power systems, traditional control schemes are difficult to meet the actual needs. Bandwidth constraints, network security and actuator saturation have become important factors affecting the stability of power systems. An improved event trigger mechanism was introduced to improve the utilization rate of bandwidth resources for the problem of bandwidth resource limitation, and a new mathematical model of power system under deception attack and actuator saturation was constructed. Based on this number model, the sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of the power system were obtained by Lyapunov theory, and the design scheme of the security controller was given by using linear matrix inequality technique. Finally, an example of power system was given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Metal corrosion is an irreversible destructive behavior, therefore, the research of anticorrosive coatings has become a vital research topic in various fields. With the development of recent years, the single protective form of anti?corrosion coating is no longer sought after, the advent of barrier/self-healing coatings has added a significant complement to anti?corrosion coatings and has become one of the most widely studied topic today. Subsequently，new anti-corrosion forms such as ion exchange, hydrophobicity and intelligent self-warning have appeared on the market. Dual/multi-functional anti?corrosion coatings that integrate self-healing, barrier properties, hydrophobic properties and intelligent self-warning properties have also become research topics in recent years. In this paper, the research progress of barrier/self-healing bifunctional anti?corrosion coatings, other dual-function anti-corrosion coatings (ion exchange/self-healing coatings, hydrophobic/self-healing, self-warning/self-healing) and multi-functional anti-corrosion coatings are reviewed, and the future development direction of more intelligent and green dual/multi-functional coatings is prospected.

In recent years, with the continuous development of nanotechnology and oilfield development technology, nanomaterials have been widely used in water shutoff and profile control agents and have achieved varying degrees of development. This article reviews the research progress and latest achievements of nanomaterials in water shutoff and profile control from four aspects: foam, polymer gel, emulsion, and superfine cement slurry, and analyzes the use of nanomaterials in water shutoff and profile control agents. The mechanism of action and its influence on the law. It is found that after adding nanomaterials to the system, it can interact with the water shutoff profile control agent by its physical and chemical properties such as small size and large surface area so that the stability, strength, and strength of the water shutoff agent can be improved. The temperature and salt resistance is significantly improved, thereby effectively improving the water shutoff rate and oilfield recovery rate. In addition, from the perspective of water shutoff agent research and development, various problems in current research in this area are pointed out, to provide a reference for the research and application of nanomaterials in water shutoff profile control agents.

As a new type of clean, carbon?free, sustainable and efficient energy source, hydrogen has great potential in the future energy mix. Hydrogen purification by pressure swing adsorption is the main separation technology for hydrogen production with high purity, low energy consumption and high degree of automation. In this paper the progress in research and application of pressure swing adsorption hydrogen production in theoretical simulation, process control optimization and adsorbent materials were critically reviewed, and the future development of pressure swing adsorption hydrogen production technology was prospected.

This paper summarized the separation effects of different electrodialysis systems on lithium in Salt Lake, including single selective electrodialysis, ionic liquid membrane and bipolar membrane, among which ionic liquid membrane with a broad development prospect possesses the characteristics of high recognition of Li⁺, long?term stability under electrolysis and low energy consumption. Furthermore, the advantages, disadvantages and tendency of prospective development of different electrodialysis systems in lithium extraction from Salt Lake were analyzed, and the industrialization research on the application of electrodialysis systems for lithium extraction from Salt Lake was analyzed.

The finite element model of the bolt flange washer was established, and the fastening experiment of the DN500 bolt flange connection system was carried out to verify the rationality of the finite element model. By controlling the width of the nut washer and the medium pressure of the pipeline, the effect of adding the nut washer on the stress distribution on the washer and bolt was compared and analyzed. It was found that adding a reasonable sized nut washer can not only increase the contact area between the nut and the flange surface and increase the compressive stress on the gasket, but also in the case of high bolt pre?tightening load and medium pressure. Prevent the bending deformation of the bolts and the pressure failure of the washers, increase the service life of the bolts, and improve the overall sealing performance of the bolt flange connection system.

     Sodium ion batteries have attracted tremendous attentions due to its rich resources, low cost, high efficiency and good chemical stability, and can satisfy people's demand for energy in the new era, which are considered a top alternative to lithiumion batteries. The research progress on sodium ion battery anode materials are reviewed in details in this paper, including carbon-based materials, low voltage metal phosphates, the sodium storage alloys, metal oxides, titanium-based materials, and other negative electrode materials. Then the characteristics of anode materials are discussed. Finally, some future directions for sodiumion battery anode materials are pointed out.

With the development of artificial intelligence technology and big data Internet technology, the pipeline leak detection technology is developing in the direction of intelligence. Based on the classification of continuous pipeline leak detection technology and discontinuous pipeline leak detection technology, this paper introduced the principles of various leak detection methods, summarized and analyzed the research status of long?distance oil pipeline leak detection technology at home and abroad. The application of combined oil pipeline leak detection and location technology in long?distance oil pipeline detection was prospected.

The double resonance Raman (DRR) peaks of Janus MoSSe monolayer are important fingerprints of material characteristics. However, the origin of DRR peaks is still poorly understood and needs urgent clarification. Based on density functional theory, high?order quantum perturbation theory and group theory analysis, the DRR spectra of Janus MoSSe monolayer were studied theoretically and systematically. It is found that the inverse lattice wave vector of the electro?optical resonance coupling process of Janus MoSSe monolayer depends on the laser energy, and any wave vector may appear in the first Brillouin zone. Based on group theory analysis, the symmetry conditions for the generation of DRR activity were deduced, and the fundamental reason for the occurrence of a large number of DRR peaks in the Janus structural system was elucidated. This study provides theoretical guidance for understanding the DRR processes occurring in two?dimensional Janus structural system, and provides a rational theoretical means for clarifying the origin of the DRR peaks.

The geometric model of a certain oil and gas mixed transportation pipeline was established with OLGA software, and the transient flow law during the pipeline shutdown and restart process was studied. First, the distribution characteristics of temperature, pressure and liquid holdup along the pipeline during steady state operation were analyzed, and the location of the minimum temperature and the location of the maximum pressure along the pipeline were determined. The influence of environmental temperature and shutdown time on operating parameters were analyzed. The safe shutdown time when the minimum temperature temperature is higher than its freezing point was determined. In the actual operation process, the shutdown time should not exceed the safe shutdown time, otherwise problems such as pipeline condensation and excessive starting pressure will easily occur, which threaten the safety of the pipeline.

An improved ethylene glycol method was used to efficiently synthesize silver nanowires with a diameter of about 130 nm, a length of about 150 μm, and L/D was about 1 150 by adjusting the content of chloride ions, the amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and the reaction temperature. All raw materials are put in one time before the reaction, no need to use syringe pumps and other equipment to strictly control the content of components. The synthesized silver nanowires have high purity and few impurities. At the same time, it was purified by filtration and washed twice to obtain extremely pure silver nanowires, which is suitable for large?scale production. The conductive network of silver nanowires was constructed on the quartz glass substrate by spin coating. The results show that the light transmittance at 550 nm is 95.5%, the sheet resistance is 52.0 Ω/sq, and it have excellent photoelectric properties.

In recent years, the rapid expansion of industries such as new energy has significantly heightened the demand for lithium resources. China boasts ample lithium reserves; however, 80% of these reserves are concentrated in salt lake brine, and the high magnesium?to?lithium ratio inherent in salt lakes poses challenges for lithium extraction. To ensure a stable supply of lithium resources in our country, it is imperative to develop cost?effective and highly efficient technologies for lithium extraction from salt lakes. Recent studies have demonstrated that the combination of emerging membrane separation technology with traditional processes holds great potential for achieving significant advancements in lithium extraction from salt lakes. This review aims to present the latest membrane technologies for extracting lithium from salt lake brine. It comprehensively discusses cutting?edge research findings from various perspectives, including the pore structure of membrane, precise design of the chemical environment within the pores, development of innovative membrane fabrication processes, and the integration of multiple membrane processes. By doing so, the review offers valuable insights and guidance for the design of new membrane materials. Furthermore, the review provides a comprehensive overview of the current bottlenecks faced by membrane separation technology in the process of lithium extraction from salt lakes. It also explores the potential prospects of biomimetic membrane materials.

For a long time, fabric defect detection has been completed by quality inspectors. Meanwhile, the process of defect discrimination is greatly affected by subjective factors and has the problems of low detection efficiency and high cost. With the close combination of computer vision technology and various fields, fabric defect detection system based on vision has gradually become an important solution to replace manual quality inspection. For the fabric defect detection based on vision, this paper reviews the aspects including industry development, general detection standards, overall structure of the system and key technologies in detection algorithms, introduces the existing fabric defect detection products based on vision in the market, analyzes the common defect detection standards and the basic structure of the detection system, and summarizes and compares the research status of image processing and deep learning technology in the field of fabric defect detection in recent years. Finally, the paper summarizes the key problems to be solved, and discusses the possible development direction in the future.

With the rapid economic development, the demand for energy continues to increase, and the emission of CO₂ gas keep growing. The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (ERC) to fuel and chemicals is an effective way to realize the conversion and utilization of CO₂ as well as the storage of renewable energy. Cu?based catalysts are one of the materials which can directly reduce CO₂ to high value?added chemicals(such as hydrocarbons) with high efficiency. Thus, the Cu?based catalysts have been one of the research focus of ERC technology research. The main research progress of Cu?based catalysts for ERC technology in recent years is reviewed. Firstly, reaction principle of ERC and the technology challenge are summarized, and then the cooperative control strategy for the structure and composition of copper?based catalysts is discussed for monometallic copper?based catalysts, polymetallic copper?based catalysts, copper oxide and oxide?derived copper catalysts, and copper?organic composite catalysts. In addition, research progress and unsolved problems of Cu?based catalysts are also summarized. Finally, the future trend these catalysts is also prospected.

Proton conductive materials are an important part of sensors and fuel cells. In recent years, the research of crystalline proton conducting materials has mainly focused on metal organic framework material(MOF). Lanthanide metal organic framework (Ln?MOF) is an important member of the MOF family, and it is easy to form a stable and diverse framework owing to the strong coordination ability, Lewis acidity and complex functionality of lanthanide ions. At present, people are beginning to focus on its research in the field of proton conduction. This article reviews the research progress in proton conduction of Ln?MOF materials with different functional acid groups (carboxylate, phosphonate or sulfonate groups, etc.) introduced into the main frame. The challenges faced by Ln?MOF materials in the study of proton conduction were prospected.

Energy shortage and environmental pollution have always been the focus of the world's attention. The use of oil, natural gas, and electricity to heat crude oil has high energy consumption and serious environmental pollution. Solar energy, as sustainable and clean energy, has become the focus of researchers from all over the world.Thus, a solar heating crude oil system was designed, and safe and easily available air was selected as the heat transfer fluid. The system consists of a solar receiver, a heat accumulator, a crude oil heat exchanger, and an electro?thermal furnace. The heat receiver receives solar radiation and the temperature rises. The air passes through the heat absorber to obtain high temperature, and the high temperature air enters the heat exchanger to heat the crude oil. A mathematical model for the analysis of the thermodynamic performance of the solar heating crude oil system was established, and the model was verified. Then, the Aspen Plus software was used to conduct thermodynamic analysis of the heatingprocess. The results show that the compressor and the preheater are the components with large exergy loss. When the pressure ratio of the compressor is 2.7, the system reaches its best state. At this situation, the thermal efficiency is 72.35%, the exergy efficiency is 73.89%, and the waste heat recovery efficiency is 72.33%.

Electrospinning is a fiber manufacturing process in which polymers are drawn and spun under the action of a high?voltage electrostatic field. This method has been widely used in material chemistry due to the simple preparation, low cost as well as easily available of micro?nano?scale fibers. In this paper, a polysulfur high?nucleus caged compound (Co₄₈) constructed by thiacalixarene was used as the loading material, and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) blend (PAN/PMMA) was used as the spinning support, Co₉S₈ nanoparticles loaded carbon nanofibers (Co₉S₈@CNFs) were prepared by electrospinning technique. Composite nanofibers were prepared by spinning carriers with PAN and PMMA mass ratios of 10∶0, 7∶3 and 5∶5, respectively, and the carbon nanofiber composites obtained after heat treatment were used as electrode materials for the study of lithium?ion battery materials. The addition of PAN and PMMA has a positive effect on the electrochemistry of the final product compared to the calcined product of Co₄₈ crystals. The composites fabricated from PAN and PMMA presented high specific capacity，good cycling stability and rate capability.