Hydrogen is regarded as a safe and sustainable supply of clean energy, which plays a very important role in alleviating the shortage of fossil energy and environmental pollution. Electrocatalytic water splitting is one of the effective ways to produce hydrogen. MoS₂ has been widely used in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction because of its low \mathrm{\Delta } G_H. This article summarizes the methods for improving the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of MoS₂, including inducing phase transition or exposing more catalytic active sites in MoS₂ through noble metal doping, and exposing more active sites or generating sulfur vacancies in MoS₂ through transition metal and non?metal doping. Meanwhile, some suggestions have been put forward to improve the catalytic performance of MoS₂.

Based on the background of 'dual carbon' , the chemical chain hydrogen production process is a novel alternative to traditional hydrogen production schemes, with economic and efficient characteristics. Choosing appropriate oxygen carriers is crucial for the stability of the process, as they require high reactivity, selectivity, material strength, and sintering resistance. This article provides an overview of commonly used chemical chain processes, including dual reactors and triple reactors, and compares the performance of several different metal oxygen carriers in depth. At the same time, summarizing the reaction mechanisms of different oxygen carriers is helpful for selecting appropriate oxygen carriers in the process. Due to the phenomenon of coking and agglomeration of oxygen carriers during the reaction process, numerous researchers have paid significant attention to its avoidance at the micro level. Finally, the prospects of the oxygen carrier used as a renewable, sustainable and environmentally friendly material are prospected.

The pollution of tetracycline antibiotics in the water environment is increasingly serious, and the effective removal of residual antibiotics in water is an urgent problem to be solved. The co?precipitation method was used to prepare Cu?Al layered double hydroxides biochar composites (CuAl?LDH@BC) intending to remove tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) from water. The physicochemical properties of the CuAl?LDH@BC surface were analyzed by SEM, XRD, and FTIR, and the adsorption performance of the tetracycline hydrochloride solution was revealed. The experimental results show that the adsorption process is more consistent with the quasi?second?order kinetic model and Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity of TCH is 78.68 mg/g at 298 K, and the neutral condition CuAl?LDH@BC has the best removal effect on TCH, which has strong anti?interference ability in water environment. The mechanisms involved in the adsorption of TCH by CuAl?LDH@BC may include hydrogen bonding, surface complexation, π-π interaction, and electrostatic interaction. The results show that Cu?Al layered double hydroxides and biochar composites, as low?cost and high?efficiency adsorbents, have a broad application prospect in the adsorption of tetracycline antibiotics in water.

In order to explore the preparation process of graphene?reinforced composite materials with industrial development prospects, graphene/polypropylene composite materials were prepared using the melt blending method, and the graphene reinforcement mechanism was analyzed through experimental and computational analysis. The results indicate that through melt blending, graphene can be uniformly dispersed in the matrix. The tensile strength of the composite material with a graphene mass fraction of 0.5% is 50.3 MPa. When the mass fraction of graphene is 4.0%, the elastic modulus and tensile strength of the composites are increase by 77.1% and 22.5%, respectively, compared to the polypropylene matrix alone. The uniform dispersion of graphene and the interaction between graphene and the polypropylene matrix enable effective stress transfer at the graphene/polypropylene interface.

Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composites with light weight and high strength are widely used in aerospace, transportation, energy and other fields. The composition and structure of the interface are the main factors affecting the physical and chemical properties of composites. Surface modification of carbon fiber is one of the most effective ways to enhance the interfacial properties and mechanical properties of carbon fiber composites. In recent years, it's been found that porous materials with large specific surface area and diverse structures can improve the surface energy and surface roughness of carbon fibers and improve the interfacial properties of composites. This paper briefly introduces the modification of carbon fiber with different kinds of porous materials in recent years, and summarizes the interfacial strengthening effect of carbon fiber composites, which provides reference significance for the future research of porous materials reinforced carbon fiber composites.

Superhydrophobic materials have become one of the research hotspots in coating directions in recent years because of their special wetting properties. Due to their anti?icing, self?cleaning, drag reduction and other characteristics, it has a wide range of application prospects. In this paper, SA?SiO₂/PPSsuperhydrophobic coatings with a thickness of about 38 μm were prepared on the surface of textile cloth using nano silica (SiO₂), stearic acid (SA) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) as raw materials by sol?gel method. The morphology was analyzed by electron scanning microscope, and the properties of the sample coating were tested. The microcosmic properties of the coating were analyzed by molecular dynamics simulation. The results show that the water contact angle of 56%SA?SiO₂/30%PPS coating is 154.8°, which shows good self?cleaning, corrosion resistance and soaping resistance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that the material has micro and nano?scale rough structure. The surface of SiO₂ and SA molecules was connected by hydrogen bond. The molecular dynamics simulation was consistent with the experimental data, and the corrosion resistance of the coating was verified from the microscopic point of view.

Dehydration of crude oil is an important step in the production and processing of crude oil. As oil fields enter the high water cut stage of production and the addition of oil recovery additives, dehydration becomes increasingly difficult, so the use of high?frequency electric fields for electric demulsification has become an effective means of dehydration. This article investigates the mechanism of electric dehydration under high?frequency electric field through static dehydration experiments and numerical simulations of droplet electric coalescence. It is found that the electric field strength, frequency, and duration have significant impacts on dehydration efficiency when treating crude oil with electric demulsification and dehydration. In the process of electric demulsification and dehydration, there is an optimal electric field frequency. After the electric field strength increases to a certain value, continuing to increase the electric field strength will actually lead to an increase in water content. After the electric field action reaches a certain time, continuing to increase the electric field action time will result in little change in the water content of crude oil; the greater the electric field strength applied to droplets in the electric field, the more likely the droplets are to deform, and the larger the diameter of the droplets, the more likely they are to deform; compared with the power frequency electric field, droplet coalescence efficiency is higher under high?frequency electric field, and droplets are more prone to coalescence. The research results provide theoretical support for the design and parameter optimization of crude oil electric dehydration units.

In view of the influence of different factors on the leakage and diffusion of hydrogen?doped natural gas pipelines in the pipe gallery, the leakage and diffusion model of hydrogen?doped natural gas pipelines in the pipe gallery was established by numerical simulation software, and the influence of factors such as hydrogen doping ratio, pipeline pressure，leakage hole size and the model of ventilation on the gas diffusion process was studied. The results show that the hydrogen blending ratio can affect the mass transfer ability of hydrogen?doped natural gas, and the higher the hydrogen blending ratio, the faster the diffusion rate of hydrogen?doped natural gas. The pipeline pressure and leakage hole size mainly affect the leakage gas diffusion by affecting the initial kinetic energy and leakage volume of the leakage gas, and the leakage gas diffusion range becomes larger with the increase of pipeline pressure and leakage hole size. The ventilation mode plays a dominant role in the distribution of leaked gas in the pipe gallery, and the ventilation frequency is inversely proportional to the height of the leaked gas jet.

Offshore oilfield development faces complex geological conditions and high development costs, with limited platform lifespans and well locations. These constraints reduce the effectiveness of chemical flooding for enhancing oil recovery. Based on the geological characteristics of offshore oilfields, and drawing on the results of synergistic enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques combining chemical flooding and infill well patterns in Daqing, Dagang, and Shengli oilfields, this study evaluates the synergistic potential of chemical flooding agents, well pattern infill, and layer adjustment. The synergy between chemical flooding and infill well pattern optimization for enhanced oil recovery was established. Relying on numerical simulation, an optimized design for synergistic chemical flooding and infill well patterns was developed for the SZ36?1 oilfield. The effects of reservoir permeability, permeability heterogeneity, and crude oil viscosity on enhanced oil recovery potential were clarified, along with the establishment of corresponding boundaries. The study demonstrated that after the original inverted nine?spot well pattern is encrypted into an oblique inverted nine?spot well pattern, the well spacing is reduced by half. Combined with polymer flooding technology, the recovery rate can be increased by 9.8%, which is 3.4% higher than the sum of the recovery increases achieved by independent water flooding and polymer flooding. This result confirms that by utilizing the synergistic effect of chemical flooding and infill well pattern technology in offshore oilfields, the sweep efficiency of the oil displacement system can be significantly enhanced, leading to a substantial increase in recovery rates and optimization of production capacity.

As the global energy structure transitions toward cleaner and more sustainable sources, natural gas, as a low?carbon and environmentally friendly fossil fuel, continues to see increasing consumption. However, with the ongoing expansion of natural gas pipeline networks, the growing coverage areas, and the significant increases in both transportation distances and volumes, the safe operation of pipelines is facing unprecedented challenges, with pipeline leakage emerging as a particularly critical issue. In response to the long?term monitoring needs of oil and gas pipeline leaks, based on the principle of negative pressure wave detection, a highly efficient and reliable pipeline leakage monitoring simulation system was developed using LabVIEW, a powerful graphical programming platform. This system incorporates advanced sensor networks, data communication technologies, and signal processing algorithms. It was used for the leakage monitoring of oil and gas pipelines, and its performance was verified through experiments. The results show that the system is capable of detecting pipeline leakage and rapidly locating leakage points through efficient algorithms, providing crucial information for timely repair and ensuring the safety and stability of oil and gas pipelines.

The fracture damage of oil and gas pipelines usually initiates from micro?cracks. The weak magnetic detection method is of practical significance for the detection of microcracks in long distance oil and gas pipelines. However, the microstructure of pipeline microcracks is complex, and the traditional weak magnetic field detection model is difficult to achieve accurate quantitative calculation of pipeline microcracks. Based on the theory of magnetoelectric coupling, a mathematical model of weak magnetic signal of pipeline micro?crack is established. The weak magnetic signal of micro?crack under different excitation conditions is compared and analyzed. The propagation characteristics of micro?crack at different depths and the signal detection characteristics under different lifting values are analyzed and calculated. The results show that the weak magnetic signal generated by the microcrack is much larger than the geomagnetic field, and the difference increases as the increase of the stress value. The weak magnetic signal increases with the increase of stress value. When the critical point of microcrack propagation is reached, the magnetic energy is released due to microcrack propagation, and the weak magnetic signal decreases with the increase of stress value. After microcrack propagation, the magnetic sensitivity of the material decreases, but the linear characteristics are more obvious. The larger the crack depth is, the stronger the weak magnetic signal is, and the damage is more easily detected. With the increase of the lift value, the weak magnetic signal decreases exponentially, and the detection accuracy of the signal in the linear region is the highest.

An amorphous NiP?WC composite coating was prepared on a copper substrate by chemical plating. The corrosion resistance of the coating was studied in a NaCl solution with a mass fraction of 3.5% and a 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution. The surface morphology, composition, and microstructure of the coating were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS）, and X?ray diffraction (XRD). The corrosion resistance of the coating was analyzed by potentiodynamic polarization and impedance spectroscopy. The results show that in a NaCl solution with a mass fraction of 3.5%, the self corrosion potential of NiP?WC coating shifted approximately 111 mV higher as compared to amorphous NiP coating, resulting in a decrease of approximately 68.8% in self corrosion current density and an increase of approximately 6.7 times in charge transfer resistance. Soaking in 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, the corrosion rate of NiP?WC coating decreased by about an order of magnitude compared to NiP coating, indicating that uniformly distributed WC particles can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of amorphous NiP.

Traditional physical simulation method of hydraulic fracturing has certain limitations in quantitatively studying fracture morphology and dynamically monitoring fracture propagation paths. It is challenging to quantitatively evaluate the dynamic processes of fracture initiation and propagation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop digital and intelligent technologies to enhance the accuracy of hydraulic fracturing physical simulation methods. Systematically investigated the method principle, research status and development direction of digital core reconstruction, acoustic emission positioning and distributed optical fiber monitoring, explored the data acquisition, fracture reconstruction and data interpretation in the process of multi?method joint monitoring experiment, and clarified the sample preparation, method combination and application scope in hydraulic fracturing physical simulation. The characteristics of non?plane, asymmetrical and unbalanced initiation and propagation of true triaxial hydraulic fracturing physical simulation are pointed out and outlooks are presented with the aim of helping researchers deeply understand the dynamic process of complex fracture expansion. Digital and intelligent hydraulic fracturing physical simulation methods are the future research trend. The research results can be used as reference for the development of hydraulic fracturing physical simulation technology, experimental scheme design.

The influence of curing temperature on catalytic desulfurization, nitrogen and acid removal of NiW/Al₂O₃ hydrotreating catalyst during the curing tprocess was studied. The catalyst with incomplete curing was re?cured and its hydrogenation performance was studied. The structure of the vulcanized catalyst was characterized by physical adsorption (BET), X?ray diffraction (XRD) and X?ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the sulfur content and degree of vulcanization on the catalyst increased with the increase of vulcanization temperature, and the carbon accumulation also increased, which led to the decrease of the specific surface area, pore volume and average pore size of the catalyst. After vulcanization, the active phase of the catalyst changed from low active W⁶⁺ and Ni²⁺ to high active W⁴⁺ and Ni-W-S phases. After revulcanization, the pore volume and average pore size of the catalyst decreased, while the specific surface area, sulfur and carbon contents increased. The increase in carbon deposition covered part of the active center and reduced the atomic ratio of W and Al on the catalyst surface, resulting in the aggregation of active metals in the vulcanized state and reduced the activity of the catalyst, indicating that the revulcanized catalyst was difficult to achieve complete vulcanized catalyst activity.

ZSM?5 has been widely used in the field of petrochemical industry. The extensive use of organic templates in its conventional synthesis process has caused serious problems on environmental and cost. In this paper, the hydrothermal synthesis of ZSM?5 with tetraethyl orthosilicate, aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate and alkaline hydrolysis product of HZSM?5 as silica source, alumina source and structural directing agent, respectively, has been investigated, which aims at developing of new process for green synthesis of zeolites. The synthesized samples were characterized by a series of techniques, such as XRD, TEM, SEM, N₂ physical adsorption and TG analysis. It has been shown that successful synthesis of ZSM?5 can be achieved by induction of alkaline hydrolysis product of HZSM?5 in organic template?free system. The prepared sample possesses a relative low crystallinity and specific surface area than ones from conventional process. The study in this paper has provided the chance for combination of green synthesis of zeolites and post?treatment route for synthesis of hierarchical zeolites.

Fuel cells have attracted widespread attention owing to the merits of high efficiency, high safety and wide application, etc. Therefore, fuel cells can meet the increasing requirement for clean energy in human society. Among them, anion exchange membrane fuel cells have shown broad application prospects due to the environmental friendliness, the use of non?precious metal catalysts, high safety and stability, etc. As the core component of anion exchange membrane fuel cells, anion exchange membranes can isolate the anode from the cathode and conduct hydroxide ions. Thus, the property of anion exchange membranes plays a crucial role in the performance of anion exchange membrane fuel cells. In the development process of anion exchange membranes, the low conductivity and poor hydroxide ions conductivity stability have become the key technical challenge. The development of flexible anion exchange membranes can play a positive role in promoting the further commercialization of anion exchange membrane fuel cells. Based on this, this article reviews the recent research progress on flexible anion exchange membranes from three aspects: polymer molecular chain design, structural optimization design, and new material synthesis and the composites.

Silver?doped powders with n（Ag⁺）/n（Ti⁴⁺） of 0.001、0.003、0.005、0.010、0.030 and 0.050 and ceramic hollow microspheres loaded with titanium dioxide photocatalyst were prepared by sol?gel method. The prepared catalysts were characterized by SEM, XRD and Uv?Vis DRS, and their photocatalytic properties were tested under xenon lamp light source. The doping mechanism was analyzed using first?principles calculations.The results show that the degradation rate of 0.005Ag?TiO₂ powder after photocatalytic degradation of 10 mg/L methylene blue for 90 min is 76%. It is concluded that n（Ag⁺）/n（Ti⁴⁺）=0.005 is the best doping amount, and the degradation rate of ceramic hollow microsphere supported catalyst for 90 min is 97%. Ag doping can introduce impurity energy levels in the TiO₂ system, so that the valence band electrons can reach the conduction band by hierarchical transition. The calculation results are consistent with the experimental results.

The low?permeability reservoir in Qiuling Oilfield of Tuha shows that the characteristics of early water discovery and rapid rise of water cut in some wells during water injection development, and dynamic analysis shows that there are dominant channels or the possibility of fractures in the reservoir. In order to further improve the development effect and enhance oil recovery, it is necessary to verify and determine the development of micro?fractures in the reservoir at the later stage of reservoir development. In this paper, based on the description of the core of a water washing inspection well, the development and distribution of reservoir fractures are studied, and a method of identifying the fracture development horizon based on logging curves are proposed. Through the analysis of logging data of two wells and the comparison of water absorption profiles, the method is proved to be feasible and reliable, and the study provides theoretical support for improving the development effect of water drive, effective utilization and recovery of remaining oil in Qiuling Oilfield of Tuha.

During the extraction and transportation of waxy crude oil, paraffin will deposit on the wall, forming wax deposition. In recent years, microbial wax removal and prevention technology has been widely studied for its economic and environmental advantages. Five strains of bacteria were screened from crude oil sludge, and through the determination of their paraffin degradation rate and surface hydrophobicity, the bacterium B3 was selected and identified as Bruella intermedia. The experimental results showed that bacterial B3 had the best growth activity at a temperature of 40 ℃, an initial pH of 6, and a shaking table speed of 160 r/min, and had the best degradation effect on paraffin at this time. When bacteria B3 grows and metabolizes with paraffin as a carbon source, they can produce lipopeptide biosurfactants, with an emulsification coefficient of 52.5% for liquid paraffin. After 7 days of interaction between bacteria B3 and crude oil, the wax prevention rate reached 77.2%, and the viscosity reduction rate reached 50.2% at 41 ℃. Bacterial B3 can degrade paraffin, improve crude oil fluidity, and reduce wax deposition.

The vertical adsorption tower is crucial for carbon dioxide removal from flue gas, but its complex and variable adsorption process poses challenges for optimal production. Achieving uniform gas distribution is essential, prompting the evaluation of various gas distributors via computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Four types were compared: no distributor, conical, truncated cone, and a combination of sieve plate with baffle. Results were assessed based on velocity vector smoothness and curve uniformity. A single sieve plate resulted in non?uniform airflow concentrated at the tower center. Types Ⅰ and Ⅱ improved flow but with uneven distribution. Type Ⅲ, featuring a sieve plate and baffle, significantly enhanced uniformity. Optimal parameters identified were a baffle diameter (d) of 100 mm and a distance (h) of 150 mm from sieve plate to air inlet. This configuration achieved the most uniform airflow distribution, demonstrating superior effectiveness in carbon dioxide adsorption processes.

The solidification and splash phenomena of Ni during plasma spray deposition were simulated by VOF model. The Navier?Stokes equations are solved in combination with the volume?of?fluid technique to track the free surface of the particles. In addition, the heat transfer including phase change is modeled using the enthalpy method. The coating formation process of nickel droplets at high speed was simulated by setting three different experimental conditions. The formation mechanism of nickel coating was analyzed deeply. During the spraying process of different speeds, the diffusion coefficient of higher droplet speed is greater than that of slower speed and there will be splash. In the case of different substrate temperatures, the higher the substrate temperature, the farther the molten particle tiling distance is. In addition, the diameter of the molten droplet is changed. Under the same other simulation conditions, the larger the particle diameter, the larger the spread distance, but it is not linearly related, and the larger the particle, the greater the thickness of the solidified sheet.

The kinetic properties of single?bubble ultrasonic cavitation are simulated using the finite element analysis software COMSOL Multiphysics. The motion process of a single cavitation bubble driven by ultrasonic sinusoidal, square and triangular waves when vibrating in water is simulated by solving the Rayleigh?Plesset model which takes into account the energy viscous loss and the radiation damping caused by the vibration of the spherical bubble, and the curves of the changes of bubble radius, motion velocity and kinetic energy of the bubble wall and pressure within the bubble wall are analyzed.The results show that under the same conditions, the stability of sine wave drive is the strongest; square wave drive has the best cavitation effect but the longest cavitation time; triangular wave shows the weakest cavitation effect. Driven by three types of waves, the kinetic energy of motion of the bubble wall is the largest during the first collapse, and the maximum pressure inside the bubble occurs when the bubble collapses to its minimum radius. The maximum pressure inside the bubble is the greatest when driven by sinusoidal wave compared to square wave and triangular wave.

As a high?risk area, the fire safety has always attracted much attention. Although smoke and flame alarm have been widely used, there are still problems such as single ?point detection and easy environmental impact. In response to such problems, a multi?way flame smart video monitoring system based on the B/S architecture is designed and implemented, and it is presented in the form of a web system. In the system, an improved YOLOV5 flame detection algorithm is integrated. The Ghost convolution is used to replace in conventional convolution to achieve the lightweight of the network, and the improved attention mechanism modules and small target detection anchor frame is added to enhance small target detection ability. Finally, the flame movement information extracted from the Optical flow network and the original flame data is sent into the improved YOLOV5 flame detection algorithm to further improve the detection accuracy of the flame. A large number of on?site test proves that the system can identify and locate the flames in the plant in real time. The detecting frame rate can reach 15 ms/frame, and the detection rate reaches 100%, which has high stability. An efficient and reliable fire monitoring solution is provided for the chemical industry.

Aiming at the problems of low positioning accuracy and poor stability in multi?effect and non?line?of?sight conditions, a new indoor positioning system Chan?Taylor?Unscented Kalman Filter (C?T?UKF) combined positioning algorithm is designed based on the time of flight positioning algorithm, combined with the Chan?Taylor (C?T) cooperative positioning algorithm, and fused with the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) algorithm. The system mainly consists of positioning base stations, positioning tags, wireless communication systems and upper computers, etc. The Chan algorithm is adopted to calculate the distance measured by the time of flight method, and the calculated coordinates are used as the initial value of the Taylor algorithm for iterative calculation. The iterative results are smoothed by the Unscented Kalman algorithm. The results show that the positioning system based on this algorithm has the characteristics of high accuracy, strong stability and low cost. The average positioning errors in line?of?sight and non?line?of?sight conditions are less than 0.17 m and 0.20 m respectively, and it can be applied to high?precision positioning scenarios.