Semiconductor doping can promote the photoelectrocatalytic application of semiconductor materials by constructing impurity energy levels and reducing the band gap. In this paper, we designed a preparation method for metal?doped semiconductor materials. The transition metal Co was combined with the anionic ligand of the metal?organic framework (MOF)MIL?125 through coordination. Then, the Co?doped TiO₂ was obtained through pyrolysis, and its performance in photocatalysis was studied. The results showed that the co?doped TiO₂ exhibits a high photocurrent density (9.87 μA/cm²), which is 3.8 times of the undoped TiO₂. Meanwhile, the degradation reaction rate constant also significantly increases from 0.041 min?1 before doping to 0.063 min?1 after doping. The incorporation of Co species not only extends the visible?light absorption edge of TiO₂ but also introduces well?defined impurity energy levels within its bandgap, thereby facilitating efficient separation and migration of photogenerated charge carriers while significantly suppressing electron?hole recombination.

To address the challenges in LNG cold energy utilization and waste heat recovery from gas turbine flue gas, and to facilitate the liquefaction of the contained carbon dioxide, a novel combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system is proposed. The effects of the split ratio (x), the compressor inlet pressure（p₂₅),and the mass fraction of carbon tetrafluoride in the mixed working fluid (w) were analyzed. A multi?objective optimization was subsequently performed using a genetic algorithm. The results show that decreasing x and increasing w enhances thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency,and net output work,while reducing the average unit cost.The optimal compressor inlet pressure (p₂₅) was found to be in the range of 8.0 MPa to 9.0 MPa. The thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency, the average unit cost and the average unit cost under the optimal working conditions of the system were 67.62%, 56.98% and 22.11 $/GJ，respectively.

Amid global energy transition, electrical pulse fracturing has emerged as a key technology for environmentally sustainable development of unconventional oil and gas resources,as it uses controllable shockwaves generated by high?voltage pulse discharge to construct multi?scale fracture networks and achieve efficient rock fragmentation. This study focuses on the rock?breaking mechanisms and numerical simulation of electrical pulse fracturing. The principles of pulse discharge and energy conversion processes are systematically analyzed, with an equivalent model established between discharge?induced shockwaves and TNT explosion shockwaves. The fracturing mechanisms?including shear, cavitation, tensile effects are elucidated for sandstone and shale reservoirs, and the attenuation of fracturing efficacy with increasing distance is quantitatively evaluated. Using TNT explosion simulations performed on the Autodyn platform and damage monitoring in sandstone and shale, lithological parameters are found to critically govern shockwave energy attenuation paths and damage patterns. Specifically,sandstone reservoirs require pulse energy optimization to activate multidirectional fracture networks, whereas shale reservoirs call for distance modulation to guide the propagation of dominant fractures.

With Methyl acetoacetate (MAA) and Neopentyl glycol diacrylate (NPGDA) as raw materials, a linear polymer, Poly (Methyl acetoacetate?Neopentyl glycol diacrylate) (P(MAA?NPGDA)),was prepared via a base?catalyzed Michael addition reaction to extend the molecular chain. The synthesized samples were characterized and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （¹H NMR）,differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）,high?performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and gel permeation chromatography（GPC）. The effects of different catalysts on the relative molecular weight growth, heat release rate, and double bond conversion rate of monomers during the reaction were investigated at various temperatures. Furthermore, by using 1,8?Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec?7?ene (DBU) as the catalyst, the impacts of varying reaction temperatures, catalyst concentrations, and the ratio of n(MAA) to n(NPGDA) on the molecular weight growth of linear polymers were examined. Under the tested conditions, in a reaction temperature range of 30-40 ℃ with a DBU mass fraction of 2%, and a MAA?to?NPGDA monomer ratio of 1.00∶1.00, the growth rate of P(MAA?NPGDA) molecular weight was relatively stable, and the polymer ultimately reaches a relatively high relative molecular weight.

Due to the ability of cocatalysts to form heterojunctions on the surface in contact with g?C₃N₄, promoting the migration of photo generated electrons and enhancing the photocatalytic performance of g?C₃N₄, the introduction of cocatalysts plays a significant role in improving the photocatalytic activity of g?C₃N₄. Common co?catalysts can be broadly categorized into three groups: transition metal?based cocatalysts (non?precious?metal co?catalysts), precious metal based co?catalysts, and non?metal cocatalysts. Among them, transition metal?based cocatalysts have attracted widespread attention due to their low cost and strong ability to capture electrons. This article focuses on the composite methods, mechanisms of action, and their effects on the photocatalytic performance of various transition metal based cocatalysts (such as metal oxides, sulfides, phosphides, etc.) with g?C₃N₄, aiming to provide comprehensive theoretical and practical guidance for the design and development of efficient g?C₃N₄ based photocatalysts.

Addressing the challenge of inaccurate fault diagnosis caused by the strong interference of vibration signal noise and the dependence of feature extraction on manual design in the fault diagnosis of rotating machinery bearings, this paper proposes a physics⁃informed attention Transformer model that integrates bearing dynamics mechanisms with the Kolmogorov⁃Arnold Network (KAN). First, based on Hertz contact theory, the characteristic fault frequency equations for the bearing inner ring, outer ring and rolling element are derived, and the frequency⁃domain mask⁃guided attention mechanism is constructed to focus on the fault⁃sensitive frequency band; Second, the Kan⁃Transformer architecture is designed to adaptively analyze the time⁃frequency characteristics of vibration signals through the multi⁃scale decomposition ability of Kan, and realize the long⁃range dependence modeling combined with the Transformer's global attention; Finally, the proposed model is evaluated using the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) bearing data set. Experiments show that the accuracy of the model is 99.75%, which is significantly better than the traditional model. It provides a high⁃precision, robust and physically interpretable solution for bearing fault diagnosis of rotating machinery.

Damage to insulation layer of buried oil pipelines will significantly change the distribution of the soil temperature field around the pipeline, thereby affecting the thermal performance and operational safety of the pipeline. Based on the theory of multi?physics field coupling, this study establishes a three?dimensional steady?state heat transfer model to quantitatively analyze the temperature drop characteristics of the pipeline and the evolution law of the soil temperature field under different soil types (clay, loam, sand). The model was solved using ANSYS Fluent 2022, with the effect of moisture intrusion considered. The numerical simulation results show that in sand soil, the critical number of segments with complete insulation damage is 15 segments (each 100 meters), corresponding to a critical damage distance of 1.5 kilometers. According to this critical distance, initial monitoring points are set, and a total of 56 monitoring points are required for an 80?kilometer pipeline. The temperature at each monitoring point shows a non?linear decreasing trend along the pipeline. The outlet temperature at the 28th monitoring point (42 kilometers away) drops to the wax precipitation point of 45 ℃ for the first time. The "critical distance segmented monitoring method" proposed in this study can achieve accurate monitoring of the pipeline damage status in the sand soil section, providing technical support for the safe operation of the pipeline.

The activity of PtSn/Al₂O₃ catalyst has a significant impact on the activity and stability of propane dehydrogenation catalysts. To address the issues of easy migration and agglomeration of the active component Pt, which make it difficult to maintain high dispersion, the active phase of the catalyst was regulated by changing the precursor of the active component Pt, and its effect on the propane dehydrogenation performance was investigated. Characterization and analysis of the active phase and carbon deposition resistance of the catalyst were carried out using TEM, H₂?TPR, TG, and Raman techniques. The results showed that under conditions with similar propane conversion rates, the selectivity of propylene increased from 86.96% to 93.92%, while the production of by?product methane significantly decreased. The catalyst prepared using octaethylporphyrin platinum as the precursor had a smaller active phase size and better dispersion. Using octaethylporphyrin platinum as the precursor can enhance the interaction between Pt and the support, significantly improve the stability of the active phase, effectively improve the catalyst's resistance to coking, and significantly reduce the amount of carbon deposition.

Using 3,3′,5,5′⁃tetramethylbiphenol (TMBP), 2⁃(chloromethyl)⁃1,2⁃epoxypropane (MECH), and sodium hydroxide as raw materials, a biphenyl⁃type epoxy resin (3,3′,5,5′⁃tetramethylbiphenyl bisphenol dimethyl glycidyl ether) was synthesized by a two⁃step method. The biphenyl⁃type epoxy resin with relatively low chlorine mass fraction was obtained by removing residual inorganic chlorine in the product using an anion exchange resin. The structure and properties of the samples were characterized using FTIR, 1H NMR, DSC, HPLC, and a rotational rheometer. The influence of different raw material ratios, reaction temperatures, and reaction times on the product yield was investigated through orthogonal experiments. The results show that when the raw material ratio is n(TMBP)/n(MECH)=1.0∶10.0, the reaction temperature in the first stage is 90 ℃, the reaction temperature in the second stage is 80 °C, n(NaOH)/n(TMBP)=2.1∶1.0, and the reaction time in both stages is 4 h, within the selected experimental range, this process condition is relatively optimized. The effective substance mass fraction of the obtained sample is above 85%, the measured epoxy value is 0.5 eq/(100 g), which is relatively close to the theoretical value. The resin exhibits a low melt viscosity of 0.12 Pa·s at 150 ℃, making it suitable for applications such as epoxy encapsulation.

To address the low efficiency in developing catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, this study constructs and validates an intelligent performance prediction model based on large language model (LLM) and deep learning. First, a Large Language Model (LLM) to design structured prompts, achieving semi⁃automated and high⁃efficiency extraction of multi⁃dimensional catalyst data from literature. Subsequently, a Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network with Gradient Penalty (WGAN⁃GP) is employed to augment the sparse original dataset, effectively overcoming the bottleneck of data scarcity. Following data cleaning, feature engineering, and dimensionality reduction, a hyperparameter⁃optimized Multi⁃Layer Perceptron (MLP) is constructed as the prediction model. The results show that the optimized MLP model achieves high prediction accuracy on an independent test set, with R² values for CO2 conversion and methanol selectivity reaching as high as 0.972 3 and 0.969 3, respectively. SHAP⁃based feature analysis reveals that BET surface area and Cu⁃based catalysts are the dominant factors affecting catalytic performance, and also uncovered the unique dependency of In⁃based catalysts on metal content. This data⁃driven model, integrating LLM and WGAN⁃GP, provides a powerful tool for the rapid screening and rational design of novel catalysts, demonstrating the great potential of AI in catalysis research.

The heterogeneity of the Tahe fractured?vuggy reservoir is strong, and the fluid flow state is complex. The flow and waterflooding mechanisms of high?asphaltene heavy oil remain poorly understood, posing significant challenges to the effective implementation of water injection strategies. Based on a visualization model of fractured?vuggy reservoirs, experimental investigations were carried out on the flow and displacement behavior of heavy oil with different viscosities. The relationship between the flow resistance coefficient of asphaltene containing heavy oil and the viscosity and flow rate was established, and dynamic quantification of oil saturation in different vuggys was achieved through image recognition. The characteristics of waterflooding of high asphaltene heavy oil in fractured?vuggy reservoirs and the influence mechanisms of heavy oil viscosity, fractures, and water injection rate were clarified. The results indicate that the viscosity of heavy oil increased from 59 mPa ? s (medium viscosity) to 1 090 mPa ? s (extra viscosity), the apparent threshold pressure gradient of heavy oil in the fracture cavity increased by one order of magnitude, the flow resistance coefficient increased by three times, and the waterflooding recovery rate decreased by 9.6 percentage points. Increased heavy oil viscosity also reduced the number of vugs affected by waterflooding, thereby increasing the remaining oil volume in attic configurations, localized high points, and along cavity walls. The scale, length, and spatial distribution of crack width have a greater impact on the flow direction of waterflooding heavy oil, and are stronger than the gravity differentiation of oil and water. Appropriately increasing the water injection rate enhances the ability of water flooding to spread and break through small?scale fractures.

As a new type of surfactant for oil displacement, internal olefin sulfonates have attracted much attention in oil field in recent years. As tertiary oil recovery technology is applied to high?temperature and high?salt reservoirs, the problem of temperature resistance and salt resistance of surfactant emerges. The rotating drop method was adopted to investigate the effects of ionic strength of Na? and Ca2? on the oil?water interfacial tension reduction performance of two internal olefin sulfonates (A?18, I?20) with different degrees of branching. The experimental results show that the internal olefin sulfonates surfactants generally have good salt resistance. Hydrophobic alkyl branching can increase the interfacial activity of surfactants. The active fractions in crude oil can be mixed and adsorbed with surfactant molecules at the interface, which is an important factor governing the interfacial performance. The increase of ionic strength can weaken the electrostatic repulsion among surfactant molecules and increase the adsorption capacity of surfactants at the interface. Moreover, divalent calcium ions exhibit stronger molecular aggregation ability than monovalent sodium ions, further reducing the oil?water interfacial tension at high mass fraction.

Boric acid is an important chemical raw material, and the development of its lamellarization technology is crucial for enhancing its performance and broadening its application fields. In this study, based on the boric acid solution system purified by resin (LSI⁃020/010), the innovative introduction of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) successfully induced the directional growth of boric acid crystals into a lamellar structure. The morphology characteristics of boric acid after additive incorporation was characterized using SEM. The effects of the introduction of MgSO4/Na2SO4 addition under weakly acidic conditions on the solubility of boric acid solution and the growth of crystal faces were analyzed by combining the COSMO⁃RS model and XRD. The interaction between MgSO4/Na2SO4 and boric acid crystals, as well as its impact on the B-O bond energy, was investigated using in⁃situ Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that boric acid exhibits a typical lamellar morphology after additive incorporation. The introduction of MgSO4/Na2SO4 under weakly acidic conditions significantly reduced the solubility of boric acid, promoting preferential crystal growth along the (002) and (004) planes. Moreover, the weak interaction between MgSO4/Na2SO4 and boric acid crystals reduces the B-O bond energy, which drove the growth of boric acid crystals towards lamellarisation. This study not only establishes a new boric acid lamellarization technology, but also elucidates the crystal growth mechanism at the molecular level, providing theoretical support for functionalized crystal engineering.

The detection of crane braking descent distance faces numerous challenges in practical engineering applications, primarily due to limitations in the measurement accuracy of existing detection equipment, the complexity of on?site operations, and high equipment costs. A method is proposed to obtain the braking descent distance by using inertial sensors to collect acceleration and angular velocity data during the crane braking process, performing attitude calculation, and combining it with a double integration algorithm. First, a Lagrangian dynamic model of the crane is established to analyze the coupling relationship between the braking descent distance and the equipment environment. Second, a data acquisition device is designed, the detection steps are described, and data synchronous transmission is employed to enhance signal reliability. Finally, the data processing method is investigated, a complete data processing workflow is designed, complex integration algorithms are compared and analyzed, and practical feasibility is verified. The results indicate that this detection method can prevent serious accidents such as load dropping caused by insufficient braking performance, offering superior comprehensive performance, strong feasibility, and promising market prospects.

Metal diaphragms serve as key functional materials widely used in aerospace, microelectronics, chemical engineering, and other fields. As the core sensitive element in diaphragm pressure?reducing valves, their mechanical properties directly determine the valve's pressure regulating precision, stability, and service life. This paper systematically investigates the influence of key geometric parameters of the diaphragm and material properties on its mechanical performance under typical operating conditions. A mathematical model was established to analyze force distribution at the equilibrium position, where loads and constraints were applied, followed by the application of loads and constraints were applied, and the relationship between load and deflection was verified using the large deflection theory of corrugated diaphragms. A precise 3D parametric model of the diaphragm was built using SolidWorks software. The study employed the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method, utilizing ANSYS software to conduct static structural simulation analysis on the diaphragm's geometric structure, parameters (width, height, thickness), and material properties. The results show that: the geometric structure of large arc corrugations is superior to sinusoidal corrugations; increasing the width of the outer corrugations increases the deformation, stress, and strain of the diaphragm, thus enhancing its sensitivity; increasing the corrugation height causes the diaphragm's elastic characteristics to first decrease and then increase; smaller diaphragm thickness results in better elastic characteristics; the elastic modulus of the diaphragm material is the dominant factor affecting its stiffness and deformation response?higher elastic modulus reduces deformation but increases stress, while materials with lower elastic modulus exhibit the opposite effect. Material selection requires balancing sensitivity, strength, and service life requirements. This research reveals the influence of the diaphragm's geometric structure, parameters, and material properties on its mechanical performance, providing an important theoretical basis and design guidance for the structural optimization design and high?performance material selection of diaphragms in diaphragm pressure?reducing valves.

A zirconium oxychloride (ZOC)?based deep eutectic solvent (DES) was successfully prepared through thermal mixing of ethylene glycol (EG) with ZOC. The structure of the DES was systematically characterized using FT?IR and 1H NMR, confirming its successful synthesis, while its viscosity was determined using a rotational viscometer. An extraction?oxidation coupled desulfurization system was constructed using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant and the DES as both an extractant and a catalyst. The effects of DES composition, reaction temperature, oxygen?to?sulfur molar ratio, solvent?to?oil mass ratio, and different types of sulfides on the desulfurization rate were systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that under optimal conditions (zirconyl chloride to ethylene glycol molar ratio of 1∶24, reaction temperature of 50 ℃, solvent?to?oil mass ratio of 1∶5, and oxygen?to?sulfur molar ratio of 8), the system achieves a desulfurization rate of 99.8%, 94.0%, and 69.8% for dibenzothiophene (DBT), 4,6?dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6?DMDBT), and benzothiophene (BT) in model oil, respectively. Notably, the DES maintains a desulfurization rate of 94.9% after five reuse cycles, demonstrating excellent recyclability. Through experimental data analysis, the reaction mechanism was further elucidated, revealing the synergistic mechanism of DES in both sulfide oxidation and extraction processes.

Navigation and obstacle avoidance are critical for the successful completion of UAV tasks. However，traditional autonomous flight systems face limitations in complex environments，prompting researchers to explore alternative frameworks such as deep reinforcement learning (DRL). This paper proposes a novel DRL⁃based autonomous control algorithm for UAVs，which integrates the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm to self⁃learn an optimal Proportional⁃Integral⁃Derivative (PID) controller.The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated through simulations in the Gazebo 3D robotic simulator to validate its effectiveness under complex conditions. Results indicate that the proposed method outperforms numerous existing methods in dynamic environments，particularly in terms of improved stability， faster response speed，and higher success rates.

ZnCu?BDC, a new MOFs material, was successfully synthesized by solvothermal method, with copper acetate and zinc nitrate as the metal centers and terephthalic acid (BDC) as the organic ligand. The structure, morphology, specific surface area and thermal stability of the materials were systematically characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X?ray polycrystalline powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption and thermogravimetric?differential thermal analyzer. The catalytic performance of ZnCu?BDC in naphthalene?containing simulated oil was investigated by using naphthalene as the aromatic hydrocarbon model compound in simulated oil. The results show that the ZnCu?BDC material has the same particle size, smooth surface, good thermal stability, complete decomposition at 450 ℃, a large number of micropores, and a nitrogen adsorption?desorption curve with the characteristics of H3 curve. Under the optimal conditions obtained after the investigation (n(Cu)/n(Zn) is 1.0∶2.0, reaction time 6 h, reaction temperature 70 ℃, pH=5), the removal efficiency of ZnCu?BDC material for aromatic hydrocarbon model compounds in simulated oil can reach 91%.

RVR and FCCS were employed as raw materials, modified with ET, high?quality coated asphalt products were obtained through optimization of the preparation process. The raw materials and products were characterized using FT?IR, XRD and TG/DTG. Combined with the information from 1H?NMR, elemental analysis, and molecular weight determination, the reaction mechanism was proposed. The results show that the difficulty of blending and modifying the raw materials is significantly related to the content of asphaltenes and aromatics, higher proportions of asphaltenes and aromatics facilitate the modification process. From the perspective of the reaction mechanism, the ⁺CH?CH {}_{\mathrm{2}}^{+} generated by the dehydration of ethylene glycol under acidic conditions plays a bridging role, enabling RVR, FCCS, and ET to form coated asphalts E?FCCS and E?RVR with condensed aromatic structures through polycondensation reactions. A higher content of aliphatic chain alkyl structures in the modified feedstock oil leads to stronger reaction activity. During the catalytic cross?linking polymerization process, these structures are prone to cleavage to form small molecules. These small molecules hinder the polycondensation reaction between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, inhibit the increase in aromaticity of the system, and thereby interfere with the growth of graphite crystal structures, which is unfavorable for the formation of ideal graphite crystals with condensed aromatic hydrocarbons as basic units. The characterization and analysis results of the coated asphalts E?FCCS and E?RVR support this conclusion. By clarifying the intrinsic relationships between raw material structure, reaction mechanism, and product properties, this study provides theoretical and technical foundations for the preparation of coated asphalt via blending modification and catalytic polymerization of heavy oil.

This study theoretically investigates the electronic structures and photophysical properties of isomeric triangular macrocyclic gold(I)?biphenylene complex (MPP) using quantum chemical calculations and wavefunction analysis methods，aiming to elucidate the physical mechanisms underlying their linear and nonlinear optical spectra.The molecular orbital characteristics were analyzed via highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)?lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) analysis，density of states (DOS)，one?photon absorption (OPA) spectrum，as well as static and 280 nm resonance Raman spectra， thereby revealing the regulatory mechanisms of electronic excitation features and molecular vibrations on linear spectral properties. The electron excitation characteristics of MPP were further visualized using charge difference density (CDD) maps and transition density matrix (TDM)，clarifying the influence of charge transfer and localized excitations on optical responses.Additionally，the core physical features of nonlinear optical behaviors were characterized by computing molecular (hyper)polarizability to explore its nonlinear optical response patterns.Results demonstrate that MPP exhibits a strong absorption peak at 280 nm in linear spectra， with molecular vibrational modes significantly modulating Raman spectral features.In nonlinear optical aspects，MPP shows pronounced nonlinear anisotropic characteristics，and the (hyper)polarizability decreases with increasing wavelength.

Medical image segmentation serves as a pivotal technology in computer vision, particularly capable in providing critical diagnostic information when processing multi?modal medical images like CT and MRI. However, existing techniques still exhibit significant limitations in modality collaborative modeling, precise structural boundary representation, and effective integration of multi?scale semantic information. To address these challenges, this paper proposes MicFormer?HMD, an enhanced architecture that improves upon the traditional MicFormer framework.A Hybrid Gating Module is designed to achieve dynamic feature selection before Cross?Modal interaction through parameterized convolutions and gating functions, enabling adaptive noise suppression and enhances discriminative feature representation. Then, we develop a Multi?Branch Fusion Attention module that employs a Multi?Branch dilated convolution architecture and a dual attention calibration mechanism,significantly improving the model's capability in capturing and integrating multi?scale contextual information. Dynamic Snake Convolution is incorporated, whose deformable kernels adaptively conform to the complex morphology of cardiac anatomical structures, thereby strengthening geometric perception. The proposed MicFormer?HMD architecture demonstrates remarkable advantages in cardiac image segmentation tasks, showing particular improvements in maintaining thin?walled tissue continuity and complex vascular connectivity.

In transformer fault diagnosis accuracy, addressing the limitations of traditional neural networks such as insufficient interpretability and weak temporal feature extraction capabilities, this study proposes a novel diagnostic model,LKAN which integrates Long Short?Term Memory (LSTM) with Kolmogorov?Arnold Network (KAN). The model first employs LSTM to model time?series data from transformer operations, extracting hidden states as temporal features. These features are then fed into the KAN layer, where B?spline functions enable nonlinear mapping and function decomposition, thereby enhancing both the model's expressiveness and interpretability. Experimental results on real?world power transformer datasets demonstrate that the LKAN model achieves a diagnostic accuracy of 98.80%, outperforming LSTM, Convolutional Neural Network（CNN）, Gated Recurrent Unit（GRU）, and single KAN models.Meanwhile, it exhibits strong generalization ability and stability. The LKAN model effectively integrates the temporal modeling capability of LSTM and the interpretability advantage of KAN. It provides a technical path with high accuracy and strong interpretability for intelligent fault diagnosis of transformers, and has good engineering promotion value.

Aiming to achieve noise isolation and vibration damping in engineering applications with simple and aesthetic structures, this paper designs a novel four?oscillator chiral phononic crystal.By incorporating helical scatterer branches as oscillators, the design breaks the inherent symmetry of conventional phononic crystals.Finite element simulation is first used to analyze the bandgap of the unit cell, followed by validation of the infinite periodic bandgap range through finite periodic arrangement. Further investigation into the effects of scatterer material parameters and the number of oscillators on the bandgap characteristics was conducted through parametric analysis. The results indicate that the chiral phononic crystal structure exhibits a total band gap widths of up to 642.12 Hz below 1 000 Hz, demonstrating excellent performance in low frequency noise isolation.

In order to obtain the dynamic stress of the compressor rotor blades under periodic unsteady aerodynamic interference with reduced computational resources and time, an innovative method combining sectional boundary conditions with parameter design language was employed. This method enables rapid harmonic response calculations based on a complete mapping of the aerodynamic load distribution on the blades.Using this approach, the dynamic stress on the rotor blade surfaces was analyzed under varying pressure ratios and rotational speeds.The results indicate that the proposed rapid harmonic response method can accurately determine the dynamic stress on rotor blades. The dominant frequencies of the dynamic stress fluctuation peaks are harmonics of the rotor⁃stator interaction frequency, primarily the first, second, and third orders. As the pressure ratio increases, the dynamic stress on the blades gradually decreases, while the dominant frequency remains essentially unchanged; conversely, as the rotational speed increases, the dynamic stress on the blades gradually increases, and the dominant frequency correspondingly increases. The research findings provide support and reference for the analysis of dynamic stress on rotor blades of axial compressors subjected to periodic dynamic⁃static interference.

Infrared upconversion detectors are devices comprising an infrared photodetector (PD) and a visible light?emitting diode (LED) stacked in series, which directly convert invisible infrared signals into visible emission and enable imaging with CCD or CMOS cameras. Compared with conventional electrical readout schemes, the upconversion approach eliminates readout circuits and complex algorithms, offering simplified fabrication and reduced cost. Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs), with solution processability, tunable bandgaps, and compatibility with diverse substrates, provide a key materials platform for constructing low?cost, large?area upconversion devices that operate at room temperature. This review briefly outlines the operating mechanisms of upconversion devices, defines the key performance metrics of CQD?based upconversion detectors, and systematically surveys recent representative advances in two areas: luminescent?material engineering and device/interface engineering. Finally, we summarize the current status and challenges and propose several research directions.

Poly(adipate⁃butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) was grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) to prepare PBAT⁃GMA, which was subsequently blended with PBAT and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to obtain PBAT/PBAT⁃GMA/PLA blends. The effects of PBAT⁃GMA content on the mechanical properties, micromorphology, barrier properties, and degradability of PBAT/PBAT⁃GMA/PLA films were systematically studied. The results indicate that increasing the mass fraction of PBAT⁃GMA significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the films. When the mass fraction of PBAT⁃GMA is 15%, the tensile strength increased from 15.28 MPa (longitudinal) and 12.51 MPa (transverse) without PBAT⁃GMA to 25.61 MPa (longitudinal) and 19.59 MPa (transverse), respectively. Similarly,the elongation at break improved from 109.23% (longitudinal) and 141.32% (transverse) to 217.63% (longitudinal) and 311.22% (transverse). It demonstrates that the incorporation of PBAT⁃GMA effectively enhanced the compatibility between PBAT and PLA,thereby improving the mechanical properties of the blend. Moreover, with higher PBAT⁃GMA content, the barrier properties of PBAT/PBAT⁃GMA/PLA films were also significantly improved.However,the degradation rate of PBAT/PBAT⁃GMA/PLA films decreased slightly with the increase of PBAT⁃GMA mass fraction, indicating that the durability of the materials was improved.

This paper proposes a distributed coordinated optimization method for multi?microgrid systems based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). The proposed model comprehensively accounts for generation costs, energy storage operation, and inter?microgrid interactions, while employing second?order cone relaxation techniques to address nonlinear power flow constraints. By optimizing the ADMM iteration process and parameter selection, the method significantly improves computational efficiency while protecting data privacy through its distributed architecture. Case studies demonstrate that the method converges within only five iterations, achieves a 76.7% improvement in computational efficiency compared with centralized optimization, and maintains a solution accuracy within a 0.34% deviation from the global optimum. Compared to linear programming methods, the ADMM enhances voltage regulation performance by 40.0% and reduces line losses by 15.5%. The method exhibits excellent scalability with computational complexity increasing linearly with the number of microgrids, is applicable to various network topologies, and requires sharing only boundary interaction information, thus providing effective technical support for multi?microgrid coordination optimization.

Hydrogen permeation is a pivotal factor inducing hydrogen embrittlement (HE) in pipeline steels. Alloying presents an effective strategy for enhancing both the mechanical properties and HE resistance of these steels. In this review, the atomistic regulating mechanisms of alloying elements on critical steps of hydrogen permeation in pipeline steels are systematically summarized. The hydrogen permeation is considered to involve four critical steps: the adsorption and dissociation of hydrogen molecules, the adsorption and permeation of hydrogen atoms on the surface, the dissolution and migration in the bulk phase, and the segregation behavior at defects.The results show that single alloying element doping can effectively inhibit hydrogen permeation by inducing local lattice distortion, changing charge distribution, regulating bonding characteristics or increasing energy barriers. Furthermore, multi?elements synergic-doping and multi-principal element alloy systems exhibit more complex regulation mechanisms,and the synergistic effect of different elements can further enhance the inhibitory effect on hydrogen permeation. Future research can focus on the effect of multi-elements synergic-doping, the optimization and design of high-entropy alloys, hydrogen trapping under environments with complex defect structures and the development of multi-scale simulation methods, aiming to provide theoretical guidance and design strategies for advanced materials resistant to hydrogen embrittlement.

This study investigates the microscopic properties of water?in?oil (W/O) emulsions, focusing on their stability and the formation patterns of liquid holdup. Through emulsification experiments and microscopic observation, the effects of water content, shear rate, and carbon dioxide (CO₂) treatment on emulsion droplet size distribution and stability were systematically studied. Based on experimental data, a liquid holdup rate model was developed for the MH oil sample. The results indicate that the shear rate significantly affects the droplet size distribution and emulsion stability. A moderate shear rate (6 000~9 600 s^-1) promotes emulsion stability and yields a uniform droplet distribution. When water content is below 30%, increasing the water content reduces the droplet size; however, high water content can show phase separation. CO₂ saturation treatment can reduce interfacial tension and improve emulsion stability, but excessive CO₂ release may destabilize the oil?water interface and promote droplet coalescence. Rational control of shear rate, water content, and CO₂ concentration can effectively optimize pipeline transportation performance, reduce bottom liquid accumulation, and enhance the operational stability of the oilfield gathering and transportation system. This study provides theoretical support for the control of liquid holdup in CO₂?driven gathering pipelines and holds significant engineering application value for oilfield production management.

The regulation of metal cations in zeolites via ion exchange to enhance CO₂ adsorption performance holds significant potential for the efficient industrial capture of CO₂. To investigate the correlation between metal cation exchange time and CO₂ adsorption performance of zeolites, four adsorbent samples (e.g. Ca?LTA?30) were prepared with exchange time as the independent variable. The textural properties, thermal stability, CO₂ temperature?programmed desorption (CO₂?TPD), and CO₂ adsorption performance of these samples were characterized. Furthermore, the IAST (Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory) selectivity of these samples for CO₂/N₂ gas mixtures with different volume ratios (20∶80, 50∶50, 80∶20) was compared. The results indicate that the CO₂ adsorption performance of LTA can be increased from 5.02 mmol/g to 6.05 mmol/g, while the S_CO {}_{{}_{}^{}} _/N {}_{{}_{}^{}} can be improved from 59.7 to 118.5. In addition, through comparing the fitting performance of four adsorption models on the adsorption isotherms of CO₂ and N₂ on LTA and Ca?LTA series samples, it is found that the Langmuir?Freundlich model exhibits the best consistency with the experimental data and can effectively evaluate the CO₂ adsorption behavior of the Ca?LTA series samples.

The current frequent occurrence of cyberspace security incidents has resulted in huge losses to national security and the real economy, demonstrating that the information security threats confronting nations have transcended the traditional concept of invasion warfare. Therefore, network security vulnerability scanner is an important means to prevent network attacks. Vulnerability scanners currently on the market are usually designed using brute?force scanning, which has problems such as limited detection dimension, slow speed and low accuracy. This paper proposes a distributed multi?dimensional assessment and detection model using Docker technology for multi?node deployment and simultaneous information collection. It divides information into multiple dimensions and quantifies them. The model introduces a fuzzy hierarchical evaluation method to assess the vulnerability values of target systems, and enhances the attention to corresponding systems based on their vulnerability levels. It combines fingerprinting technology with vulnerability detection methods. Tests conducted using a scenario?based Combat Network Shooting Range (CFS) show a significant improvement in detection efficiency compared to commonly used enterprise?level network scanners, outperforming traditional one?dimensional vulnerability detection methods in terms of hit rate and efficiency.

A new type of combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system is proposed, consisting of a dual recompression Brayton cycle, a CO₂ reheat Rankine cycle and a two?stage flash cycle, to achieve synergistic waste heat recovery from a natural gas?fueled solid oxide fuel cell, utilization of liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy, and capture of CO? from flue gas. The cycle system was simulated using thermodynamic simulation software to analyze the effects of the mass fraction of mixed workmass Xe, the inlet pressure p₂₃ of the CO₂ reheat Rankine cycle expander, the pump outlet pressure p₂₆ of the flash cycle, and the shunt ratio x on the system's thermal efficiency, saprophytic efficiency, net work output, and cold water recovery rate. The results demonstrate that increasing p₂₃ is favorable to improve the net output work, thermal efficiency and hydronic efficiency of the system; decreasing p₂₆ is favorable to improve the net output work and thermal efficiency of the system, and increasing the Xe mass fraction and shunt ratio can improve the net circulating work, thermal efficiency and hydronic efficiency of the system. When the mass fraction of Xe is 0.3, p₂₃ is 16 MPa and p₂₆ is 13.5 MPa, the thermal efficiency, the net efficiency and the net output work of the system are 67.17%, 58.13% and 2 587.96 kW, respectively.

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate non⁃uniform heat transfer of hydrogen in U⁃shaped microchannels under supercritical conditions. The effects of heat flux and pressure on heat⁃transfer characteristics were analyzed, the mechanism of abnormal heat transfer in non⁃uniform heat⁃flux channels was revealed, and a heat⁃transfer prediction correlation was fitted. The results indicate that, owing to variations in thermophysical properties, pressure and heat flux exhibit opposite effects on heat⁃transfer enhancement in the heating and cooling channels. In the non⁃uniform cooling channel, centrifugal force and buoyancy produce a synergistic effect that significantly promotes heat transfer. In contrast, in the heating channel governed only by centrifugal force, non⁃uniform heating suppresses heat transfer. The findings provide an important reference for the design optimization and theoretical study of supercritical⁃fluid heat⁃transfer systems in hydrogen⁃related applications.

The tubular heating furnace is a key heating unit and a major energy consumer in refinery and chemical plants.Improving fuel combustion efficiency and the thermal efficiency of the heating furnace is of practical significance for energy conservation and emission reduction in these facilities. In this paper, the tubular heating furnace of aviation kerosene hydrofining unit is studied. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation method is adopted, and the standard k?ε turbulence model, component transport combustion model and P?1 radiation model are used. The temperature of the furnace, the average temperature of the surface of the furnace tube and the temperature distribution of the burner were investigated by changing the oxygen content of the combustion air. The results indicate that when the oxygen volume fraction changes in the range of 18.55%-26.00%, the oxygen volume fraction change has a significant impact on the temperature field and combustion efficiency in the furnace, and the existing radiation chamber, furnace tube and burner fully meet the needs of oxygen?rich combustion..

Reducing the urban?rural income gap is an important part of China's steady promotion of common prosperity, and this paper studies the intrinsic connection between the level of digital economy development and the urban?rural income gap based on the panel data of 30 provincial?level administrative regions in China from 2013 to 2021. The results of the study show that digital economy is conducive to narrowing the urban?rural income gap, and the rationalization of industrial structure exerts a partial mediating effect; in regions with higher levels of human capital, the development of digital economy can effectively alleviate the urban?rural income gap, and the rationalization of industrial structure plays a complete mediating effect, however, in regions with lower levels of human capital, the digital economy does not have a significant impact; when the level of economic development is low, the digital economy will expand the urban?rural income gap, while when the level of economic development is high, the digital economy will narrow the urban?rural income gap. Based on this, suggestions have been put forward to promote the coordinated development of industrial digitization and digital industrialization, further promoting the rationalization of industrial structure, enhancing the level of human capital, and optimizing the environment for the development of digital economy, in order to maximize the effectiveness of the digital economy in promoting the optimization of industrial structure and narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas.

To address the poor wettability between the reinforcing phases and the aluminum matrix, as well as the tendency to form brittle Al₄C₃ phase during the preparation of (B₄C+Cf)/Al composites, Ti particles with high melting point and immiscible with aluminum were used as the inducing infiltration agent, and chemical plating was also employed to coat the surface of carbon fibers with Cu. Thus the efficient and low?cost near?final forming preparation of this composite material was achieved through the metal?induced in?situ reactive infiltration technology. (B₄C+C_f)/Al composite materials were prepared by holding at 850 ℃, 900 ℃, and 950 ℃ for 90 minutes, respectively. The microstructure, produced phases, compressive properties, and bending resistance of the composites were characterized using SEM, XRD, and a universal testing machine respectively. The results show that the aluminum melt can successfully infiltrate the ceramic preform to produce lightweight aluminum matrix composites with a density ranging from 2.80 g/cm3 to 2.85 g/cm3. XRD test on the composites revealed the presence of Al, B₄C, AlB₂, Al₃BC, TiB₂, and TiC phases, but no brittle Al₄C₃ phase was observed. As the preparation temperature increased from 850 ℃ to 950 ℃, the compressive strength of the composites decreased from 290 MPa to 172 MPa, while the bending strength increased from 233.69 MPa to 375.44 MPa. The bending fracture morphology of the composites indicates that the higher the preparation temperature, the more tear edges are present in the prepared composites, and the location where cracks initiate gradually shifts from the interface between the reinforcing phases and the matrix to the interior of the matrix or the reinforcing phases.

Staged fracturing of horizontal wells is essential for the effective development of tight sandstone gas reservoirs with low porosity and low permeability, and rational optimization of fracturing treatment parameters is fundamental. The conventional "one-well, one-design" approach has been widely used; however, field practice shows that the correlation between treatment parameters and fracturing effectiveness under this approach is weak. The influence of individual parameters on stimulation performance remains unclear, and the method cannot accommodate the coexistence of multiple reservoir types in strongly heterogeneous tight sandstone gas reservoirs. Taking the JH block of the Jinqiu gas field as the study area, this paper proposes a new concept of "one-stage, one-design, segmented optimization" that considers reservoir quality and sandbody distribution. Following an integrated geology-engineering approach, an efficient design method for optimizing fracturing parameters in horizontal wells in tight sandstone gas reservoirs is established, including reservoir-type-specific optimization, treatment-stage classification, and target-well parameter optimization. A standardized design workflow that can be rapidly reused for different reservoir types is also developed. The results show that, compared with the conventional method, the proposed optimization method shortens the single?well fracturing design cycle by 50%-60%, reduces single?well fracturing cost by 10.6%, increases the post-fracturing stable-production period by 58.3%, and improves estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) by 15.6%. The method can effectively improve the scientific rigor and efficiency of fracturing-parameter optimization in strongly heterogeneous tight sandstone gas reservoirs and provides practical guidance for fracturing stimulation and development-benefit enhancement in reservoirs similar to the JH block.

The introduction of chlorine atoms into the main chain of chloroprene rubber (CR) strengthens intermolecular interactions, restricts molecular?chain mobility, and gives this rubber strong polarity. At low temperatures, molecular motion slows, causing CR molecular chains to arrange more regularly and crystallize, which increases hardness and reduces elasticity. To improve the low?temperature resistance of CR, the green low?temperature plasticizer tributyl citrate (TBC) was introduced for modification. The effects of TBC mass fraction on the vulcanization characteristics, Mooney viscosity, mechanical properties, glass?transition temperature (T_g), and brittle temperature (T_b) of CR composites were investigated. The results show that, with increasing TBC mass fraction, the Mooney viscosity of the CR compound decreases significantly, scorch time is prolonged, and the processing performance and low?temperature resistance of the vulcanizate are significantly improved. When the TBC mass fraction is 5%, the tensile strength of CR reaches its maximum value of 12.16 MPa, resilience reaches its maximum value of 50.65%, permanent compression set decreases to its minimum value of 9.64%, elongation at break increases to 497.59%, and T_g decreases to -34.5 ℃. These results indicate that the modified CR exhibits simultaneous improvements in low?temperature resistance and mechanical properties, thereby expanding its applicability under low?temperature operating conditions.

Based on the coupling method of the Navier?Stokes equation and phase field theory, the pore scale numerical model for fractured mixed?wet tight reservoir is established to investigate the oil recovery process under different injection velocities, injection modes, and injection?shutdown durations. The findings indicate that the injection velocity has a nonlinear correlation with the oil recovery, with an optimal velocity of 0.01 m/s, where the dynamic equilibrium between capillary force and viscous force achieves the highest fracture?matrix pressure transfer efficiency, leading to a peak recovery degree. The periodic intermittent water injection demonstrates a 48% reduction in water usage compared to constant rate injection, with a slight 1.08% reduction in recovery, making it more economical under low oil prices. The short?cycle high?frequency water injection with low injection?shutdown durations can generate periodic pressure fluctuations, reducing cumulative water injection by 80%, while achieves comparable recovery performance to long?cycle injection.This study investigates the influence law of injection parameters on the synergistic enhancement mechanism of imbibitiondisplacement during water flooding in tight oil reservoirs with mixed wettability, providing a theoretical basis for optimizing injection strategies.

To improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of zinc coatings, zinc graphene oxide (Zn-GO) composite coatings were prepared by direct current electrodeposition method. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of Zn-GO composite coatings were systematically studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), uniaxial tensile testing (SSRT), and electrochemical testing, and compared with traditional pure zinc coatings. The results showed that the addition of graphene oxide significantly optimized the crystal structure of the coating, increasing the tensile strength of the coating by about 6.3% and the yield strength by about 3.2%. The corrosion current density of Zn-GO composite coating was reduced by 80% compared to pure zinc coating, demonstrating excellent corrosion resistance. Zn?GO composite coating has a long corrosion resistance life. Zn-GO composite coating has high potential for application in marine anti-corrosion.

Industrial wastewater treatment has emerged as a significant global challenge. Although physical adsorption offers advantages such as effective contaminant removal and operational simplicity, it often entails high consumption of adsorbent materials and elevated costs. Because of its superparamagnetic, small particle size, large specific surface area and easy recovery characteristics, Fe₃O₄ shows broad potential in the field of adsorption, but its application alone still has some limitations. This paper aims to review the preparation and application of magnetic composites based on Fe₃O₄ as a green and efficient adsorbent in wastewater treatment, in order to deal with the current problems of high cost and difficult recovery of adsorption materials. The main synthesis methods for magnetic activated carbon, magnetic cyclodextrin, and magnetic cellulose composites were introduced, followed by an overview of their use in the adsorption of heavy metals and organic pollutants. Additionally, an analysis was conducted on the advancements in the application of magnetic separation and regeneration technologies. The results indicate that Fe₃O₄ composite material has good performance in adsorption efficiency, environmental protection and cost control. Fe₃O₄ composites have shown unique advantages as potential adsorbents. It is suggested that Fe₃O₄ composite adsorption materials with low cost and high adsorption capacity should be further developed to promote its transformation from laboratory to engineering application.

Using Ce(NO3)3·6H2O, Cu(NO3)2·3H2O, and SnCl4·5H2O as raw materials, and NaOH as the precipitant, CuSnCe⁃C, CuSnCe⁃PI, and CuSnCe⁃CH catalysts were prepared by co⁃precipitation, precipitation⁃impregnation, and co⁃precipitation⁃hydrothermal methods, respectively. The catalysts were characterized using characterization techniques such as XRD, BET, H2⁃TPR, and XPS, and their CO preferential oxidation performance was evaluated under a hydrogen⁃rich atmosphere. The results show that changes in preparation methods significantly affect the physical and chemical properties as well as the catalytic performance of the catalysts. Among them, the CuSnCe⁃CH catalyst prepared by the co⁃precipitation⁃hydrothermal method exhibits the best catalytic performance. Under atmospheric pressure, at a reaction temperature of 140 ℃, an oxygen excess factor of 2.6, and a mass space velocity of 20 244 mL/(g·h), the CO conversion rate reaches a maximum of 94.9%, with a CO oxidation selectivity of 43.2%. Consistent with the characterization results,catalysts with smaller average grain size, larger specific surface area, higher CuO dispersion, lower reduction temperature, and higher oxygen vacancy content exhibit the best CO preferential oxidation performance.

China has abundant heavy⁃oil resources, but their exploitation is challenging and field recovery is relatively low; therefore, improving recovery efficiency is important for ensuring stable petroleum production. Thermal recovery is widely used in heavy⁃oil production, and steam quality is a key parameter affecting thermal recovery performance. However, real⁃time in⁃situ direct measurement remains difficult. At present, domestic field measurements mainly rely on manual chemical titration, which has a significant time lag and cannot meet online real⁃time monitoring requirements. In this study, a new method for measuring wet saturated steam quality based on the matrix conductance principle is proposed. Under operating conditions of 17 MPa and 310 °C, a primary sensing element was designed for a steam⁃injection pipe with an inner diameter of 64 mm and an outer diameter of 89 mm. Material selection, system sealing, and fixture design were completed to ensure stable data acquisition and accurate measurement. An algorithmic model for the matrix conductance method was then established, and the parameters affecting steam quality were analyzed. The weighted discretization method and the conventional discretization method were compared through calculation and error analysis. The results show that the maximum relative error of the conventional discretization method reaches 11.5%, whereas weighted discretization method, with a maximum relative error of only 3.9%.The weighted discretization method therefore provides higher measurement accuracy than the conventional discretization method.

CdS exhibits excellent photochemical properties and high quantum efficiency in the visible light region, however, its catalytic stability is significantly compromised by photocorrosion. Constructing CdS/Mg?CdIn₂S₄ heterojunctions can effectively suppress photocorrosion and enhance the material's overall stability. In this study, CdS nanowires (CdS NWs), CdS nanoparticles (CdS NPs), and Mg?CdIn₂S₄ nanosheets (NSs) were prepared using the ion exchange method, and heterojunctions of 5% CdS NWs/Mg?CdIn?S? (5% by mass fraction of CdS NWs) and 5% CdS NPs/Mg?CdIn?S? (5% by mass fraction of CdS NPs) were constructed. The photocatalysts were characterized using X?ray diffraction (XRD), UV?vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier?transform infrared (FT?IR) spectroscopy, N₂ adsorption?desorption isothermal analysis, transient photocurrent measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results confirmed the successful construction of both CdS NWs/Mg?CdIn₂S₄ and CdS NPs/Mg?CdIn₂S₄ heterojunctions. The catalytic performance was evaluated in a photoreaction system, both heterojunctions possess significant capabilities for the photocatalytic reduction of CO₂. Notably, the CdS NWs/Mg?CdIn₂S₄ heterojunction exhibited superior photocatalytic performance, achieving CO and H₂ production rates of 716.7 μmol/（g·h) and 664.3 μmol/（g·h), respectively. These values represent a 46.2?fold and 56.8?fold enhancement compared to pristine Mg?CdIn?S?.Consequently, this work provides a solid foundation for further research and practical applications in the field of photocatalytic CO₂ reduction, underscoring significant academic and practical significance.

Using calcium carbide slag as raw material and isocaprylic acid as the calcium extraction agent, nano calcium carbonate was prepared through CO₂ carbonization and characterized. Under the conditions of 80% saponification rate, 80 ℃ saponification temperature, 40 min saponification time, 80 ℃decomposition temperature, 60 min decomposition time, 0.5 mol/L calcium chloride concentration, and the volume ratio of the oil phase to the water phase is 2.0∶1.0, the extraction rate of calcium ions from calcium carbide slag reached 96.40%. Nano calcium carbonate was then prepared using the gas?liquid carbonization method. The optimal carbonization efficiency was achieved at a reaction temperature of 6 ℃, stirring speed of 400 r/min, liquid droplet rate of 35 mL/min, and CO₂ flow rate of 100 mL/min. Characterization by X?ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X?ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy showed that the nano calcium carbonate product was of the calcite type, with a particle size of 78.8 nm, calcium content was 94.10%, and uniform particle size. This study optimizes the process of producing nano calcium carbonate from calcium carbide slag, enabling high?value reuse of solid waste and CO₂ emission reduction, providing new insights for the preparation of nano calcium carbonate products.

Ruthenium complexes exhibit considerable potential for application in devices owing to their high photoluminescence quantum yields and tunable emission wavelengths.Nevertheless,traditional solution?processing methods often lead to disordered molecular aggregation,which detrimentally affects both luminescence efficiency and material stability.Conventional vacuum deposition methods involve complicated procedures and high production costs,which hinder the practical utilization and broader adoption of these materials and devices.To address these challenges,this work presents a novel approach for fabricating tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(Ⅱ) complex microcrystalline films.By employing a mixed?solvent approach,the ruthenium complex is guided to self?assemble on the surface of conductive glass,leading to the formation of microcrystalline architectures.Utilizing gallium?indium (Ga?In) alloy as the counter electrode,a simple device capable of high?intensity visible emission was successfully fabricated. Furthermore, patterned electrodes were prepared using molds and liquid metal.Combining these electrodes with the ruthenium complex microcrystalline films enabled the fabrication of devices capable of emitting patterned light.This study offers a promising pathway for the low?cost and large?area manufacturing of ruthenium?based light?emitting devices.

Electromagnetic wave absorbing materials can dissipate energy by converting electromagnetic energy into thermal energy. Therefore, they are widely used in communication and military fields. Due to the environmental pollution and high costs associated with chemically synthetic composite materials,biomass⁃derived carbon materials have emerged as a prominent research focus.Given the intrinsic adsorption capacity of carbon, coconut shell biomass was selected as a precursor. A carbon/nickel composite absorbing material, designated as CE/Ni⁃x (where x denotes the immersion time in hours), was successfully synthesized via an in⁃situ growth and high⁃temperature reduction method with varying mass fractions of nickel oxide.The composite absorbing material was characterized and tested using an X⁃ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and vector network analyzer.The results show that CE/Ni⁃7 exhibits absorption characteristics in both high⁃ and low⁃frequency bands, with a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value of -30.05 dB.Furthermore, by adjusting the immersion time, effective absorption can be achieved in the 2.7-18.0 GHz frequency band (reflection loss lower than -10 dB). This research demonstrates a viable route for the low⁃cost, controllable synthesis of dual⁃band (low frequency/ high frequency) electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.

Driven by the global energy transition and China's dual?carbon goals, clean and efficient utilization of carbonaceous energy has emerged as a core research hotspot in the energy field. Chemical looping gasification (CLG) technology, characterized by low carbon capture cost, high energy conversion efficiency and minimal pollutant emissions, offers a promising route for converting carbonaceous fuels into high?value syngas. This paper focuses on the application of chemical looping technology in syngas production from carbon?containing energy sources. It reviews the research progress in this field, compares it with conventional gasification processes, and summarizes the reaction mechanisms of chemical looping gasification and oxygen carriers. Compared with conventional processes, the unique advantages of syngas production by chemical looping technology are analyzed: the carbon conversion rate of coal chemical looping gasification is as high as 83.79%; the H₂/CO volume ratio of petroleum coke chemical looping gasification is approximately 5 times that of conventional gasification, and it can also achieve CO₂ capture; biomass chemical looping gasification can be realized at a relatively low temperature and can produce pure H₂ without gas separation.

Electrospinning can regulate fiber and membrane structures at the nanoscale, and doping graphene futher enhances the electrochemical function of nanofilms. Starting from the structure of graphene, we optimize the relationship between graphene doping ratio and nanofiber size and study the effects of electrospinning voltage, feed rate, spinning distance and time on membrane structure and electrochemical performance. Research has shown that when the graphene doping mass fraction in the nanofilm is 7%, the voltage is 24 kV, the spinning distance is 15 cm, the feed rate is 0.01 mL/min, and the time is 2 h, the diameter of the fibers in the nanofilm structure is 0.162 μm, and the impedance is 220.8 Ω. Under electrospinning conditions, the doping of graphene can control the preparation of nano films and optimize their electrochemical properties in multiple ways.

To address the challenges of slow convergence, susceptibility to local optima and path redundancy in the path planning of concrete pouring robots in complex construction environments, an improved ant colony algorithm?based path planning optimization method for concrete robots is proposed. First, a new pheromone update mechanism is formulated and the hindsight experience replay (HER) algorithm is applied to define pseudo?target points, thereby addressing the slow convergence and local optimum entrapment issues of conventional ant colony algorithm (ACO). Second, a new obstacle heuristic factor is designed to improve the obstacle avoidance ability of the traditional ant colony algorithm.Third, to solve the limitation of path redundancy in the traditional ant colony algorithm, a curve smoothing function is introduced to eliminate redundant nodes and improve the path quality. Simulation experiments show that the algorithm proposed in this paper has good effectiveness and stability in terms of the shortest path length, the number of turning points and iteration efficiency.