质子交换膜燃料电池氧还原Pt基催化剂研究进展

doi:10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2023.04.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

化石能源正在日渐枯竭，环境污染问题也亟待解决，但社会对能源的需求正在与日俱增，因此开发绿色能源得到了科研工作者的广泛关注。其中，作为高效能源转换装置的燃料电池因具有效率高、性能强、环保性能好等优点而备受关注。在燃料电池催化剂的选择上，Pt基催化剂因具有独特的催化性能成为首选材料，但其高昂的制备成本和不稳定的催化性能使Pt基催化剂在商业化过程中受到阻碍。简单介绍了质子交换膜燃料电池阴极氧还原Pt基催化剂的工作原理、催化剂活性影响机制，从合金型Pt基催化剂、核壳结构Pt基催化剂、不同载体担载Pt基催化剂、单原子Pt基催化剂4个方面综述了Pt基催化剂的研究方向，最后对其未来研究的发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 燃料电池, 催化剂, Pt基金属, 阴极氧还原, 催化活性

Abstract:

While fossil energy is being exhausted day by day,and the problem of environmental pollution needs to be solved urgently.However,the social demand for energy is growing,so the development of green energy has received extensive attention from many scientific researchers.As an efficient energy conversion device,fuel cell has many advantages such as high efficiency, high performance and environmental friendliness.In the choice of fuel cell catalyst,Pt?based catalysts are the preferred materials because of their unique catalytic properties,but their high preparation cost and unstable catalytic properties have hindered the commercialisation of Pt?based catalysts.The working principle of Pt?based catalysts for cathode oxygen reduction reaction of proton exchange membrane fuel cells and the influencing mechanism of catalyst activity are briefly introduced.The research direction of Pt?based catalysts is summarized.Finally,the development direction of future research is prospected.

Key words: Fuel cell, Catalyst, Pt based metal, Cathode oxygen reduction, Catalytic activity

中图分类号:

TQ152

宋学实, 曲微丽, 赵磊, 王振波. 质子交换膜燃料电池氧还原Pt基催化剂研究进展[J]. 石油化工高等学校学报, 2023, 36(4): 25-33.

Xueshi Song, Weili Qu, Lei Zhao, Zhenbo Wang. Research Progress of Pt⁃Based Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells[J]. Journal of Petrochemical Universities, 2023, 36(4): 25-33.

图/表 4

图 1 Pt（111）上的4电子反应过程和PtHg4上的2电子反应过程ORR自由能图蓝色线，0 V；绿色线，相应的平衡电势；黑色线，极限电势；蓝绿色箭头表示基于计算氢电极模型（CHE模型）的电位的影响

Fig.1 ORR free energy diagram of four?electron process on Pt(111) and ORR free energy diagram of two?electron process on PtHg4

图 2 Co?N?C载体、商用Pt/C催化剂、Pt/Co?N?C催化剂和Pt?Co/Co?N?C催化剂的SCV曲线和H2O2产率图

Fig.2 SCV curves and H2O2 yield diagram of Co?N?C carrier, commercial Pt/C catalyst, Pt/Co?N?C catalyst and Pt?Co/Co?N?C catalyst

图 3 PtNiSA?NPs?NDC催化剂的ORR活性与对比样性能对照

Fig.3 The ORR activity of PtNiSA?NPs?NDC catalyst is compared with that of the control sample

图 4 通过前体催化剂由伏安法选择性溶解Cu分步原位制备脱合金Pt?Cu电催化剂的流程

Fig.4 De?alloyed electrocatalysts were prepared in situ step by step by selectively dissolving Cu from the precursor catalyst of Pt?Cuby voltammetry

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