The Process of C₉ Petroleum Resins Production
YAN Hui，LIU Shu-xin, MENG Qiu，CONG Yu-feng，HUANG Wei
2011, 31 (3): 1-3. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.001
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 203KB ) ( ) 　　
C₉ petroleum resins was obtained by two-step synthesis from C₉ fraction, which is the side product from enthylene production in the boiling range of 140～196 ℃. The processes of free radical polymerization and catalytic polymerization by Lewis acid were well investigated, and the effect of polymerization method, reaction time and reaction temperature on product quality was discussed. The results show that C₉ petroleum resins can be obtained with light color and higher yield under the following conditions: the mass fraction of initiator 0.01%, the mass fraction of catalyst 1.50%, reaction time 4.5 h, free radical polymerization time 1.5 h, catalytic polymerization time 3.0 h and reaction temperature 55 ℃.
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Catalysts for Synthesis of Light Alkenes From Carbon Dioxide Through Hydrogenation With One-Step Method
TIAN Shi-chao， HAN Li-li，HOU Jun-qi，BIAN Wan-ying，TIAN Xiao-guang，LI Yong-chao，LIAN Pi-yong
2011, 31 (3): 4-7. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.002
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 387KB ) ( ) 　　
 
CuO-ZnO/SAPO-34 composite catalyst was prepared by hydrothermal method, and applied in catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to light olefins in one-step process. CuO-ZnO was used to synthesis methanol from CO₂, while SAPO-34 molecular sieve take the catalytic role of methanol dehydration to light olefins. The properties and catalytic activity of composite catalyst were investigated by XRD, TEM, SEM, IR and fixed bed response evaluation. When the reaction condition is reaction temperature 270 ℃, the reaction pressure 3.5 MPa, molar ratio of hydrogen/carbon dioxide 4, volumetric space velocity 1 600 h^-1, the catalyst shows good activity and selectivity. The conversion rate of CO₂ can reach 18.71%，and the yields of ethylene and propylene can reach 9.27% and 4.76%.
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Culture Conditions for Xylanase Production by the Solid-State Fementation With GJY-08 Strain
GUAN Zhuan-fei，JIA Fei，MA Xue-liang，YANG Xiang-hua
2011, 31 (3): 8-11. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.003
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 257KB ) ( ) 　　
 
Xylanase is produced from GJY-08 strain by solid-state fermentation. The influence of fermentation time, the initial pH, the temperature, the ratio of wheat bran to corn stalk, nitrogen sources and inoculation amount of the stain on xylanase production were studied. The optimum conditions of xylanase production from GJY-08 strain are as follows: fermentation time 4 d, the initial pH 4.5, the temperature 30 ℃, the ratio of wheat bran to corn stalk 7∶3, nitrogen sources carbamide, inoculation amount 3 mL, the ratio of culture medium to water 1∶2.
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Lube Base Oil produced by Catalytic Dewaxing From Hydrocracking Tail Oil
ZHANG Qiu-ping,SHI Wei-wei,DONG Jian-jun,ZHAO De-zhi
2011, 31 (3): 12-15. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.004
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 206KB ) ( ) 　　
 
Lube base oil were produced by catalytic dewaxing from hydrocracking tail oil of the Mao Ming Petrochemical Corporation in fixed catalytic bed reactor using NKC-7 as the dewaxing catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature (340～400 ℃) and space velocity( 1～8 h^-1) on the product distribution, solidifying point and liquid yield were studied. The results show that good product distribution and higher yield of lube base oil (61.4 % ) can be obtained at 380 ℃ and a space velocity of 2 h^-1, the solidifying point of lube base oil can reach -24 ℃.
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Synthesis of Benzaldehyde Glycerol Acetals Catalyzed by CuSO_4/SiO₂
LI Guo-jun
2011, 31 (3): 16-19. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.005
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 232KB ) ( ) 　　
 
CuSO₄/SiO₂ solid acid catalysts were prepared using sol-gel technique and impregnation method, and then characterized by XRD, low temperature N₂-adsorption and NH₃-TPD. The effects of calcination temperature of catalysts, CuSO₄ loading, the molar ratio of benzaldehyde to glycerol, reaction time and amount of deaquation reagent on the synthesis yield were discussed. The results show that CuSO₄ is highly dispersed over surface of SiO₂ to form mesoporous solid acid catalysts with medium acid strength and high specific surface. CuSO₄/SiO₂ showed good catalytic activities and stabilities in the condensation of benzaldehyde with glycerol to produce benzaldehyde glycerol acetals. The optimum preparation conditions are as follows: CuSO₄ loadings 15%, and calcination temperature 550 ℃. The optimum reaction conditions are as follows: molar ratio of benzaldehyde to glycerol is 1∶1.1, the weight percentage of catalyst in reaction mixture is 1%, and volume of cyclohexane is 10 mL and reaction time 2 h. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the yield of benzaldehyde glycerol acetal can reach 92.5%.
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Evaluation on the Fuel Oil M100 From Russia and Its Processing Scheme
WANG Li-man，CUI Rui，ZHAO De-zhi,SHI Wei-wei，DING Wei
2011, 31 (3): 20-23. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.006
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 212KB ) ( ) 　　
 
The properties of fuel oil M100 from Russia were evaluated comprehensively in order to make a reasonable processing scheme for it. The results indicate that M100 resembled a kind of atmospheric oil residua of sulfuric intermediate base crude having a density of 0.936 0 g/cm³ at 20 ℃, low solidifying point of 20 ℃, high sulfur content of 1.13%, low resin and asphaltene content of 21.4% and 0.4% respectively, high remnant of carbon of 5.35%. Based on the comprehensive evaluation and discussion of M100, three preliminary processing programs were drawn up: the fractions of diesel oil under atmospheric pressure with a low yield of 8.18% need be treated with hydroprocessing; vacuum fractions with a yield of 41.75% could satisfy the feedstocks requirements of fluid catalytic cracking and hydrocracking; and vacuum oil residua had a high yield of 50.07%, need further refining to be used as raw materials of asphalt production.
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Removal of Basic Nitrogen Compounds From Shale Oil
ZHANG Zhe-ming，ZHAO De-zhi，ZHANG Han-ming，ZHU Yun-yan, ZHENG Xiao-ming， ZHAO Bo
2011, 31 (3): 24-27. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.007
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 262KB ) ( ) 　　
 
The basic nitrogen-compounds were removed with complexation by denitrification reagent form the Fushun shale oil. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, volume ratio of agent to oil, complexing agent amount and settling time on the denitrification ratio and yield were investigated. The optimum operating conditions are as follows: The temperature 55~60 ℃, reaction time 5 min, volume ratio agent and oil 0.07, auxiliary usage 1∶0.5～1∶1, motionless time 35 min. Under these conditions, the denitrification ratio and oil yield can reach 95.36% and 91.25%, respectively. The results show that mixed solvent could be used in denitrification with high efficiency, pH of the shale oil dealed with reagent B is neutral.
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Determination of Flavonoids From Polygo-Num Avculare by Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Spectrophotometry
ZHANG Li-min, ZHANG Jin-sheng, LI Li-hua, LI Yan-nan
2011, 31 (3): 28-30. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.008
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 143KB ) ( ) 　　
 
Flavonoids were extracted from polygonum avculare by microwave-assisted extraction, and its content was determined by spectrophotometry using the rutin as the quality control standard. The effect of extraction temperature, solid to liquid ratio, alcohol concentration and extraction time on content determination were investigated by orthogonal. The optimum conditions are as follows: extraction temperature 80 ℃, the solid to liquid 1∶40, the volume ratio of ethanol 85% and extraction time 7 min. Under the optimum conditions, the average content of flavonoids in polygonum avculare is 2.099 mg/g, average total flavonoids extract ratio is 3.481% , RSD= 0.304% (n=6), and their recovery rate measured are in the range of 94.17% ~99.50%.
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Denitrification Refining of Shale Gas Oil and Its Influence on Catalytic Cracking Performance
YUAN Meng-meng, HAN Dong-yun, SHI Wei-wei, JIANG Zhao-kun
2011, 31 (3): 31-33. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.009
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 204KB ) ( ) 　　
 
Denitrification of shale gas oil was carried out by using a complex agent and the effects of denitrification agent and the ratio of agent to oil on removal efficiency were investigated. The results showed that the mass fraction of basic and total N compounds decreased by 97.1 % and 41.3 % at the agent to oil ratio of 0.15 respectively. The effects of the FCC on the condensation point and product distribution of shale gas oil after denitrification refining were studied. The results show that condensation point of product is lowered dramatically from 25 ℃ to 8 ℃; the yields of gasoline and diesel oil increased by 10.48% and 4.83%, the yields of light oil and total liquid increased by 15% and 6% respectively. Therefore, product quality has been obviously improved.
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Numerical Simulation on Internal Flow Field of Spiral Pipe
LI Zhao—yang，MA Gui—yang，XU Liu
2011, 31 (3): 34-37. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.010
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 447KB ) ( ) 　　
Spiral pipe has been widely used in oil-water separation field with the simple structure and other advantages. As an alternative method the numerical research methods have been applied in spiral pipe research. Using the model of VOF, a numerical simulation was done on oil-water two phase flow for spiral pipe and got its spiral flow characteristics. It supplyes the technology of spiral pipe provides with certain basis theoretica:oil-water separation degree is up to 95% in the ninth laps and it is larger near the entry, water phase distribution is little along with the direction of gravity and oil-water heavy mixing phenomenon emergences. Near the entrance turbulent kinetic energy intensity and dynamic pressure changes fluctuating, dynamic pressure decreases linear along the axial except for the entrance. Shear stress is the largest in the entry and change less on axial. It can provide a theoretical support to the development and the improvement of spiral pipe technology.
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Numerical Simulation of Water Film Drag-Reduction Transport of Super Heavy Oil
MA Wen-xin，LI Yan，SHEN Long-she，SUO Chuo，WANG Yu-fu，LIU Fu-ming
2011, 31 (3): 38-41. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.011
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 296KB ) ( ) 　　
 
Water film lubricated transport of super heavy oil is one of the energy-saving technologies in the energy sector. The major difficulty of transporting super heavy oil is its very high viscosity, which leads to need vast energy consumption and increase the cost of transportation.The water film lubricated transport of super heavy oil seems to be one of the promising means to handle the situation. In this technique, low-viscosity liquid is formed into an annular film between the pipe wall and oil flow, because the oil does not come in contact with the wall and decreases resistance, the energy consumption and its cost decreases drastically. CFD software was used to do the numerical simulation base on experiments of water film lubricated transport in Teshi pipeline of Liao He oilfield.The simulation result is compared with experimental data which has been very good anastomosis. Therefore the study provides a guidance to the actual operation.
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Fuzzy Evaluation in Basic Events' Probability of Fault Tree Analysis of Assessment of the Tank Farm
JI Xu，WANG Yue，WANG Jian
2011, 31 (3): 42-45. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.012
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 269KB ) ( ) 　　
 
There are many methods in safety assessment of the tank farm. Because the elements of the accident are always uncertainty, the traditional safety assessments have the limits by themselves. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is a way to fuzzy and quantifys the uncertainty of dangerous elements. This method is always used in safety assessment through the way of rating by experts and security level can be observed. And fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is already used in the safety assessment of a system, and it is a simple way to assess. The fault tree analysis is a method of analysis in quantization. It exists a problem in getting the date of basic events' probability, because of lacking enough statistical data. According to the fuzzy evaluation,the basic events' probability can be certain. Those data can be used in practical calculation. And this method is effective and useful in assessment.
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Earthed Atomizing Discharge Charger Under Magnetic Field
MI Jun-feng， DU Sheng-nan， DONG Mei，YUAN Guang-jiao
2011, 31 (3): 46-49. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.013
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 234KB ) ( ) 　　
 
The influence of magnetic field on corona onset voltage was studied in the earthed atomizing corona discharge, and the charging mechanism was studied in earthed atomizing corona discharge under magnetic field. Eventually, the charging mechanism of earthed atomizing discharges under magnetic field was analyzed. The results show that the corona onset voltage of the earthed atomizing corona discharge is decreased because the magnetic field is used, and the charging efficiencies is enhanced by magnetic field. But the influence on the diameter of water drops was not obvious. In addition, the minimum values of discharge currents are exist in the earthed atomizing corona discharge when the magnetic field is used or not.
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Reliability Analysis of Automobile Engine Connecting Rod Working in Tension and Compression Conditions
LIN Guo-qing，WANG Mao-ting，LIN Meng
2011, 31 (3): 50-53. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.014
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 325KB ) ( ) 　　
 
ANSYS finite element software was applied to analysis the stress of connecting rod working in tension and compression conditions to obtain the stress intensity distribution. The result show that the greatest stress is at the inner surface of the connecting rod small end hole and the maximum stress intensity value are 15.1 MPa and 161.0 MPa. Then using the ANSYS finite element software to analysis the reliability of connecting rod and Monte-Carlo method was chosen. According to that obtained the mean probability is 2.62% when the connecting rod in the 95 % confidence level and initial limit state  Z<0(Z=σs-σ _max; in which  σ_max is the maximum stress occurred during the container used and  σ s  is yield strength of material).In other words, the reliability of the connecting rod is 97.38%, and acquire the load distribution histogram and sampling process picture of connecting rod, so it is safe. 
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Technology of Installation of Crude Oil Storage Tank Bottom
HE Chen-qin,WANG Yue
2011, 31 (3): 54-57. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.015
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 247KB ) ( ) 　　
 
With the construction of large oil storage tank farm, the requirements of the tank installation are stricter. To 1.0×10⁵ m³ of crude oil storage tank as an example, the installation technology of tank bottom was introduced and discussed. The installation technology of tank bottom was described in detail under the standard of high standards and low consumption,such as positioning, center plate laying, technical requirements of tank bottom laying, T-fillet welding, the welding to influencing factors of annular to mediate joint. In order to ensure the accuracy of the corridor lay board, assembly sequence of the tank bottom was innovated. The corridor board was used only one time. To achieve the positioning of the corridor lay and welding in one time, the whole process of construction use the domestic mature technology to ensure that the construction tasks are completed with high quality and efficienty.
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Application of GM (1, 1) on the Prediction Software of Corrosive Rate of Submarine Pipelines
CHENG Hao-li, LIU De-jun
2011, 31 (3): 58-61. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.016
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 394KB ) ( ) 　　
 
According to the insufficiency of the corrosion data from the submarine pipeline, a method to predict the corrosion rate of corrosive submarine pipelines based on grey theory was proposed. Based on the GM(1,1) of grey theory, the corrosion rate of submarine pipelines can be forecasted with just a small sample data. The software of four data GM(1,1) model, five data GM(1,1) model and interface of metabolic GM (1,1) were established with VS2010 thereby providing a scientific basis for the prediction of corrosive rate of the pipeline with little original corrosion data. The results show that the software has good prediction accuracy, with which the prediction of the corrosive rate of the submarine pipelines can be attained.
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Electrochemical Study of Q235 Steel in the Snow Water in North Region
LIANG Ping
2011, 31 (3): 62-65. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.017
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 348KB ) ( ) 　　
 
The corrosion behavior of Q235 steel in the snow water, collected from North region, was studied by immersion, polarization curves and EIS, and the corrosion protection effect of Ni-Fe-P coating was tested. The results show that Q235 steel exhibits a general corrosion in the snow water, and the corrosion rate of Q235 steel in snow water is higher than that in tap water, because the conductivity of snow waster contained F^-, Cl^- and SO₄^2-is bigger than that of tap water. Meantime, the corrosion is lower than that of 3.5%NaCl solution because of the lower ion concentration for the snow water. In addition, the corrosion rate of Q235 steel in snow water was increased with increasing temperature. The EIS display that the charged transfer resistance of Ni-Fe-P electroless coating in snow water is bigger than that of Q235 steel, which means the corrosion rate is lower, and the coating can be one of methods used corrosion protection for Q235 steel in snow water or wet and serious polluted air.
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Electrochemical Test Analysis of Copper, 20^# Steel and X80 Line Pipe Steel in Soil Solution of Liaohe Oilfield       
HUAN Guo-xin, ZHANG Guo-fu
2011, 31 (3): 66-69. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.018
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 216KB ) ( ) 　　
 
Using laboratory electrochemical simulation experiment, namely the polarization curve technology and electrochemical impedance test technology, the corrosion of copper, 20^# steel, X80 line pipe steel were researched in soil solution of Liaohe oilfield typical plot. The corrosion rule of   this three different metal material in soil preparation solution was tested. Experimental results show that copper corrosion resistance is the strongest, X80 line pipe steel next and 20^# steel corrosion resistance is the weakest in soil preparation solution.      
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A New Method of Two Dimension Graphs Conceal in AutoCAD
LAN Xiao-min，WANG Sheng-zhi
2011, 31 (3): 70-73. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.019
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 188KB ) ( ) 　　
 
The method to hide two-dimensional drawing in AutoCAD was discussed. The method to hide two-dimensional drawing with Wipeout was put forward. The existent problems to hide two-dimensional drawing about using Wipeout were analyzed. Through the arc into discrete and the definition of anonymous drawing and so on, the problem to hide two-dimensional drawing with Wipeout was solved. An order program to hide two-dimensional drawing with AutoLISP was wrote. It provides a new valuable drafting method to draw a assembly drawing with AutoCAD.
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Passive Control for a Class of Nonlinear Singular Discrete Systems
YI Na, HOU Jing-chen
2011, 31 (3): 74-77. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.020
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 211KB ) ( ) 　　
 
The passive control problem for a class of nonlinear singular discrete systems was analyzed. By the means of generalized Lyapunov function and linear matrix inequality, a sufficient condition was presented and a zero solution of nonlinear singular discrete system is asymptotically stable and passive. Based on the passive analysis, the condition was given for the existence of a state feedback passive controller, and it makes zero solution of the closed-loop system asymptotically stable and passive. Moreover, meamwhile the design method of the controller is given. An example was given to prove the validity of the results.
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Symplectic Geometry Characterization of Self-Adjoint Domainsfor J-Symmetric Differential Operators (Ⅱ)
WANG Zhi-jing
2011, 31 (3): 78-80. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.021
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 175KB ) ( ) 　　
 
The symplectic geometry characterization of second order singular J-symmetric differential operators was investigated. By constructing different quotient spaces, self-adjoint extensions of second order J-symmetric differential operators were studied through using the method of symplectic geometry. Therefore the classification and description of complete J-Lagrangian submanifold corresponding with self-adjoint domains of second order differential operators were obtained.
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A Necessary and Sufficient Condition of [WTBX]α-[WTBZ]Chain Strictly Diagonally Dominant Matrices
SONG Dai-cai, ZHAO Xiao-ying
2011, 31 (3): 81-83. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.022
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 213KB ) ( ) 　　
Let A=(a_ij)∈C^n×n, if there existsα∈(0,1) [WTBZ]which can make |a_ii|≥R^α_iS^1-α_i be right for i∈N={1,2,…,n},then  is called anα-chain diagonally dominant matrix.It gave an equivalent condition for chain strictly diagonally dominant matrices，and obtains a necessary condition for a matrix to be a nonsingular H-matrix indirectly. The result obtained improves the known corresponding results．At last, some numerical examples are given for illustrating advantages of the result.
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Econometric Analysis of Repercussion of Chinese Petroleum Industry
ZHOU Chang-mao，WANG Hai-yan
2011, 31 (3): 84-88. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.023
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 156KB ) ( ) 　　
   
Industry repercussion effect is not only one of the foundations to measure the position of one industry in national economy system, but also a main basis for government to locate a leading industry. Through introducing the sensitivity degree coefficient and influencing power coefficient, the repercussion of Chinese petroleum industry has been measured. Furthermore, the strategic position of it in national economy was researched with econometric measures. The strategic attribute of petroleum industry was proved based on the studies above.
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Bidding Strategies of Suppliers on Multi-Attribute Reverse Auction
CHEN De-yan，QIAN Guang-ming
2011, 31 (3): 89-94. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2011.03.024
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 203KB ) ( ) 　　
 
Multi-attribute procurement auction is gaining significant importance in industrial procurement. In a traditional model, a great deal of efforts is addressed issues relating to auction mechanism design and winner determination problem under the known utility function of auctioneer. There is little research on the bidding strategies model of supplier. Based on the DEA theory, the prior winners' information was used and the bidding strategies model of supplier was proposed with the unknown utility function of procurer. The numerical example expounded application of the model. The results both help suppliers correctly infer the seller's attribute weights and determined bidding strategy. It also can help procurer increase competition between suppliers and improve buyer's utility.
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