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2005, Vol.25 No.1  Publication date:20 March 2005
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  • Investigation of Backf lushing Used in Recovering Molecular Sieve Particles by Ceramic Microfiltrat ion Membrane
  • HUANG Yan -hua,GUO Wen -miao,JIN Shan
  • 2005, 25 (1): 1-4.
  • Abstract ( ) PDF ( 214KB ) ( )   
  •         When the ceramic membrane is used to trea t micro -sized inorganic particle suspensions in the microfiltration process, the bigg est problem is that the membrane could be fouled easily .The technique of backflushing is a stable , valid and reusable method to control the membrane fouling in the microfiltration which is demonstrated by a lot of experiments.The investitation was made for the use of backflushing to control membrane fouling in recovering molecular sieve particles by ceramic microfiltration membrane .The influences of backflushing pressure, backflushing time , backflushing interval on the backflushing were studied .The most important factor affecting the recov erflux is backflushing pressure , backflushing time and backflushing interval have slight influence o n reco ver flux .Considering synthetically the influence of pressure proof , energy consume and investment of the equipments , the satisfied backflushing opera tio n parameters are determined:backflushingpressure is 0.4 MPa, backflushing time is 3 second.Based on engineering situation , the effective rate of permeate flux was taken as investigation object of the membrane system .The optimum backflushing interval is determined, which is 10 minutes , w hen the value of the rate of permea te flux arrives a t the maximum .
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  • NMP Addi tive Assistant Refining Lubricated Fraction Oil
  • WANG Gang,WANG Lei,et al
  • 2005, 25 (1): 13-15.
  • Abstract ( ) PDF ( 298KB ) ( )   
  •         To improve denitride ratio in lubrication oil NMP refining for improving the stability of basic oil , the me thod of combing physical extraction and chemical reaction was applied , that is , adding additives to the NMP solvent refining process , letting the additiv es reacting with nitride to removing nitride compounds .This additive is appraised synthetically based on the rate of removing basic nitrogen, influence to the properties and yield of refined oil.The sing le stage and the simulating three stages experiments show that the NMP solvent refining with addition of assistant can remove basic nitrogen in distillate oil efficiently and raise the oxidation stability .The mass fraction of assistant has no remarkable effect on the yield of refined oil and its index of refraction.The optimum operation conditions for single stage refining are :solv ent to oil volumic ratio is 1.0, extraction temperature is 80 ℃, the mass fraction of assistant is 0 .7 %.Under these conditions, the yield of refined oil is 87 %, the index of refraction of 60 ℃ is 1.459 8 and the mass fraction of basic nitrogen is 67 μg/ g .The optimum operation conditions for simulating three stages refining are :solvent to oil volumic ratio is 0 .75, the mass fraction of assistant is 0 .5 % , extraction temperature is 80, 70 and 60 ℃ for top stage , middle stage and bottom stage , respectively .Under these conditions , the yield of refined oil is 88 %, the index of refraction o f 60 ℃ is 1.460 1 , andthe mass fraction of refined oil basic nitrogen is 57 μg/g .
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  • Fin Ef ficiency of Round Fin Heat Conduction
  • LIU Zhi -wei
  • 2005, 25 (1): 27-29.
  • Abstract ( ) PDF ( 289KB ) ( )   
  •         A finned tube is the key component of a finned tube heat exchanger , and the fin efficiency is one of the main parameters in designing a finned tube heat exchanger , and it also has certain applicable value in the comparison o f heat exchange surface.Since the analytic solution of fin efficiency is quite complicated or it is difficult to be computed that an approximate value could basically meet the requirement of a normal engineering calculation , the simplified feasible numerical method is applied for that .Basing on heat balance the mathematical model of heat conduction of the round fin was established with the change of the model to diagonal triangle matrix by finite-difference method.The temperature distribution, heat release rate and fin efficiency are figured out with a computer .From the actual ex ample , the heat release rate θ1 is 22.92 W, w hen the fin surface temperature is the same with the base tube , the heat release rateθ2 is 36 .82 W, and the fin efficiency η is 0.62.This calculation could be applied to round fins of different structure sizes,
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  • Determination of Three Kinds of Trace Elements in the Milk Powder by MPT -AES
  • ZHANG Dan,LI Li -hua,ZHANG Jin -sheng,et al
  • 2005, 25 (1): 30-32.
  • Abstract ( ) PDF ( 244KB ) ( )   
  •         The determination of calcium , iron and zinc in the milk powder by microwave plasma torch atomic emission spectrometry (MPT-AES)with the standard curve method w as studied by using microwave plasma torch(MPT)as ex citation light source, argon as support gas of pasma and sample solution being introduced into a pneumatic atomizer system .The effect of experimental co nditions including hydrochloric acid concentration in the sample solution, nitric acid concentration in the sampl solution, microw ave forward power , carrier g as flow rate, support gas flow rate on determination w ere optimized.The effect of co -ionized elements of sodium and magnesium on the emission intensity of calcium , iron and zinc w as investiga ted in detail .The detection limits of mass concentration for calcium , iron and zinc are 0.92 , 13.82 and 16 .27 μg/ L, respectively .The relative standard deviations (n =6)are less than 1 .79%. The linear rang es are 0.02 ~ 6, 0 .1 ~ 100, 0.1~ 20 mg/ L for calcium , iron and zinc , respectively .The results show that the proposed method is effective for the determination of the quality of calcium , iron and zinc in the milk powder in its accuracy , easy operation,high automation , low operation cost and rapidity .
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  • Determination of Trace Elements in Agar#br# ———Noncomplete Digestion -Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
  • LIU Li-xing,LIU Li -jun
  • 2005, 25 (1): 55-57.
  • Abstract ( ) PDF ( 217KB ) ( )   
  •         The noncomplete digestion method was applied to the treatment of agar sample , i .e .the sample was     digested in concentrated nitric acid, and then the product of the digested sample was dissolved in emulsifier Triton X -100 obtaining the homog eneous and transparent solution of the sample .Thus the no ncomplete digestion -FAAS method for determination of calcium , magnesium , iron and zinc in agar was established .La3 + w as used as releasing agents for calcium and magnesium to eliminate the interference by co -existing elements in the sample.The results show that the viscosity of test solution is identical to its blank solution .The pretreatment conditions of sample , background absorption interference, the detection limit and characteristic concentration were investigated.The linear ranges of mass concentration are 0 ~ 14 mg/ L for calcium , 0~ 0 .8 mg/ L for magnesium , 0 ~ 7 mg/ L for iron and 0 ~ 1.0 mg/L for zinc .The relative standard deviations of determination are less than 2.2%.The determination results by this method are consistent with those obtained by ashing method.The relative errors are less than ±2 .3 %.I t is concluded that for FAAS determinations , the displacement of ashing method by noncomplete digestion method for the sample pretreatment of agar is possible .
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  • A Kind of Curved Surface Helical Baf fle Heat Exchanger With Special Form
  • CHEN Shi -xing,ZHANG Zhen -hua
  • 2005, 25 (1): 61-63.
  • Abstract ( ) PDF ( 246KB ) ( )   
  •          The basic features of the curved surface helical baffle heat exchanger with special form of baffles was introduced .In the exchanger the fan-shaped baffles fixed with banking angle  α   and backward tilting angle β  are connected by lap with triangular baffle boards.The approximate helicoids are formed at the sides of shell.The peripheries of baffles assume successive helices .The backward tilting structure of similar fan -shaped baffles can reduce counter press caused by ordinary helical baffles to the fluid .The binomial action to pitch is realized by the angles of  α and β  and at the same time the resistance to fluid is reduced which is similar to the partial resistance caused by traditional segmented baffle exchangers when the area of baffle board is large .The curved surface helical baffle heat exchanger with the special form of baffles cuts maximally down the resistance to fluid, enhances heat transfer efficiency and heat transfer coefficient , namely the over -all properties of heat transfer of heat exchanger and resistance , at unit pressure drop , and realizes the aim of saving energy and materials .
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  • Analysis of Mesh Dehiscence of 904L Used in MEK Uni t
  • ZHANG Yu -guang
  • 2005, 25 (1): 64-66.
  • Abstract ( ) PDF ( 169KB ) ( )   
  •         The on -the -spot research and observation of corrosive shape w ere made for mesh dehiscence of water hat screen cloth in 904L under the working conditions of 6 MPa , 155 ℃, pH 37 using H type resin catalyst for producing me thyl-ethyl-ketone .The mesh crack w as found to be belonged to stress corrosion cracking through analyzing and observing alloy agent mass fraction, corrosive media test, inner material impurity , mesh residual stress resource , and crack shape of 904L.And also the expatiating was made for the main reason causing SCC ;lack of Ni, Mo and Cu content in the materials, excess of C and inner material impurities, much residual stress, and the damage to the inactivited surface during transportantion and installation.The process of SCC is that catalyst and mesh surface form the gap , and it is quickly acidificated.When pH falls to activating value of 904L , passivating film is destroyed in the gap because of reducing reaction .The macro corrosive battery is formed among metal inter surface , electrolyte solution and outer surface.When the corrosive depth develops to a certain value , it causes stress concentration resulting in cracking .The crack is vertical to the mesh circle and develops along with the mesh radius.When it reaches to the neutral surface of the mesh, the cracking disappears.There is no crack in the internal pressure area of neutral surface .Therefore , the crack can' t be found in the deeper corrosive pit of mesh surface .
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