Tetrahydrofuran(THF) is used as thermodynamic promoter to separate CO2 from flue gas via forming hydrate. The result shows that the recovery rate of CO2 in one stage can be reached to 48.55% in the present of 6.0% THF solution at temperature 279.15 K, pressure 1.6 MPa. In the same temperature the mole composition of CO2 is to decrease with the pressure increasing. Applying vaporhydrate flash model to calculate CO2 mole composition of equilibrium gas phase and hydrate phase, the result is good, but more model work should to do for more precision calculation result.
SnCu/C and SnCuM/C catalysts with different auxiliaries for hydrochlorination of acetyleneactivated carbon as the carrier has been treated with the concentrated nitric acid and Sn,Cu and other metal chloride as active componentswere prepared by the wet equivalentvolume impregnation and characterized by XRD and BET. The analytical results indicate that the active constituents are highly dispersed on the surface of carrier which having larger surface area and bigger bore diameter after acidic treatment. Then, optimized reaction conditions，reaction temperature 170 ℃，space velocity 30 h-1，feed volume ratio V(HCl)/V(C2H2) 1.05，were obtained in atmospheric fixed bed reactor. The catalytic performances of SnCu/C and SnCuM/C catalysts with different auxiliaries was investigated under the optimized reaction conditions. The experimental results show that SnCu/C catalyst has good initial activity，the acetylene conversion and the selectivity of chloroethylene is over 980%.The catalytic activity and stability are improved after adding to the different auxiliaries under the metionaboved reaction conditions，the acetylene conversion and the selectivity of chloroethylene is over 98.0%.
The effect of reaction temperature, hydrogen partial pressure, LHSV, V(H2)/V(oil) on the VGO hydrodesulfurization was studied and the trend of sulfur content in hydrotreated oil was also reflected based on correlated curves which were established on process conditions. Moreover a macro kinetic model of VGO hydrodesulfurization was set up and kinetic model parameters were correlated and validated by experiments. The results show this model held prediction accuracy.
Heavy oils of Tarim1, Tarim2 and Tarim3 were separated into four subfractions which are Saturate, Aromatic, Resin and nC7 Insoluble (Asphaltene). Nickel, vanadium, calcium, copper, iron, potassium, sodium and lead contents of heavy oils and their subfractions were determinate by a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer, metal distribution and infrared spectrum analysis were also studied at the same time. The experimental result manifests that: Almost each metal element content is all very low in Saturate and Aromatic, especially vanadium and copper. With the heavier of the fractions, the metal in Resin and Alphatene are all increased sharply. Most metal element is firstly concentrated in their Alphatene fractions secondly in resin in heavy oil. The infrared spectrum of three heavy oils’ Saturate shows that the functional groups in three heavy oils are almost difference, there are two strong absorption peaks between 2 800~3 100 cm-1 and 1 350~1 390 cm-1 ,which are methyl and methylene.
The caking phenomenon of cool mat prepared with Na2SO4•10H2O was analyzed. Uniform design and optimization software were used in design of antiblocking agent. The interaction between each variables was investigated and the optimum formula of antiblocking agent was got. The results show that different variables had highly synergistic effect during their value ranges. The optimum formula of mass fraction is: Cetyl trimethyl ammonium brimide（0.196%）, EDTA（0194%）, Sodium（C16）alkyl benzene sulfonate（0.984%）, Polyacrylamide（1.257%）. The cool mat had no caking phenomenon and had high stability when antiblocking agent was added.
Sample of CuY/Beta was prepared by modifying a NaY/Beta composite zeolite with a liquid ionexchange method and characterized by means of Xray diffraction(XRD), N2 adsorption and pyridine infrared spectroscopy(PyFTIR). Desulfurization performance of CuY/Beta for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) and hydrodesulfurization gasoline were evaluated by a fixedbed and the intermittent static methods. The results show that the surface Lewis (L) acidity quantity of CuY/Beta adsorbent increased greatly，but its strength decreased, with respect to CuY adsorbents witch was prepared by liquid ion exchange method by our lab. CuY/Beta adsorbents for two kinds of fuel oils show greater performance of desulfurization than NaY/Beta and CuY adsorbents.
In order to more fully rational use of Oman crude oil, the comprehensive evaluation of its properties was carried out. The results show that the freezing point of crude oil is low, as
lower than -35 ℃, 20 ℃ density of 0.866 0 g/cm3, API° 31.11, the sulfur content of 1.41%, belong to the sulfur intermediate base crude oil. lower than 360 ℃ fraction yield was 4456%, lower than 520 ℃ fraction total 67.03%. The crude oil, light oil yield, total is higher, metal nickel and vanadium content is higher. This article carries on the comprehensive evaluation and analysis on the nature of each fraction, and is suitable for processing scheme was put forward.
A series of CuCr catalysts had been synthesized via conventional coprecipitation method under different experimental conditions to investigate the influence of preparation conditions on acidic properties and develop a novel way to detect the acidity. The SEM results show that acidic properties of catalysts have intimate relation with their textural structure. A model of binary CuO/Cr2O3 mixed oxides had been proposed on the basis of the hypotheses of Thanable and Seiyama. After analysis, it is indicated that in the amorphous catalysts, the acidic sites are provided merely by CuO and Cr2O3, while in the crystal samples, those composed of both the oxides themselves and increasement of B acidic sites caused by the asymmetrical mixture of CuO and Cr2O3, which further illustrated that with the crystal size of oxides decreasing, the particles became welldistributed, together with the decreasing of acidic properties of the catalysts and B acid ratio，and vice versa.
Shang 3 region in Shanghe oil field has the problem of formation plugging when water injection. This paper addresses the study on theoretical and experimental research of Shang 3 region plugging mechanism and plugging removal techniques. The result show that the injected water quality substandard and injected water is not compatible with the reservoir causes blockage formation. Reservoir rock samples plugging experiment recommends using hydrochloric acid+multihydrogen acid+mud acid system to improve lower members of Es2. Shrink swelling agent evaluation experiment show that shrink swelling agent can restore formation permeability. Field tests show that hydrochloric acid+low concentration mud acid+multihydrogen acid +shrink swelling agent composite plugging process can significantly improve reservoir, achieve the goal of increasing production and augmented injection.
Development of the reservoir in A block of Liaohe oilfield present compound rhythm reservoirs, high permeability layer among the reservoir, according to the real situation that high permeability layer exist, for the efficient utilization of producing remaining oil by horizontal well, that need to optimize locations, trajectory, length of horizontal well and vapor injection parameters. A fine geological model which reflects the characteristics of the reservoir in studied area was constructed with Petrel and CMG software. Optimize locations, trajectory, length of horizontal well and vapor injection parameters upon the history matching. The research result shows that steam override, after reaching high permeability layer, the steam makes fast breakthrough in high permeability layer, keeping on upward heating the reservoirs with large contact area. Finally the reservoirs can be uniformly swept in the vertical direction. The numerical simulation accurately predicts the optimized horizontal well can effective exploit the residual oil.
Selection of relative molecular weight was about 1.6×107 to 1.9×107 SNF3640D polymer，Lab researches were carried out on its mobility，viscosity of core porosity，the interfacial tension of the binary combination with betaine surfactant compound system could achieve ultra low and recovery factors. The results show that higher coefficients of resistance and residual resistance are obtained in low permeability layers. Better injection and mobility are demonstrated by the polymer; the viscosity loss rate of this polymer is lower than traditional 7.0×106 low molecular polymer; the combination of the betaine surfactant compound system can attain the ultralow interfacial tension with the oil (10-3 mN/m). Moreover, the chemical flood recovery efficiency of this polymers flooding alone on a natural rock could reach about 7.85 percent, the compound system could reach about 14.75 percent ,which is far higher than traditional polymer of 7.0×106, therefore, this kind of polymer with low permeability reservoir has good matching, it has a certain guidance for low permeability reservoir development.
Using surface tensiometer, interfacial shear viscosity meter and Zeta potentiometer to analyze the effects on the interfacial properties and emulsion stability when the solid particles (Nano SiO2，NaMMT) in the Daqing oilfield ASP flooding were together with the oil displacement agents(Alkali，Surfactant，Polymer). The results show that the absolute value of Zeta potential on the oil droplet surface increases when adding solid particles to the alkali solution. Adding solid particals to the alkylbenzenesulfonate solution, the interfacial tension increases and the interfacial shear viscosity decreases. The absolute value of Zeta potential on the oil droplet surface increases significantly after adding solid particles to HPAM solution. After adding solid particles to alkali solution, low concentration will worsen the stability of O/W emulsion, whereas high concentration(800 mg/L)will be helpful for the stability of O/W emulsion. After adding solid particles, the stability of O/W emulsion formed by thealkylbenzenesulfonate solution and simulated crude oil decreases, but the stability of O/W emulsion formed by HPAM solution and simulated crude oil becomes worse.
The increasing water cone is becoming a severe problem in Bohai oilfields with bottom water. The foam was studied based on foam performance by advanced foam scan method; moreover, oil resistance, plugging capacity, capacity of enhanced oil recovery were researched, which supplied optimized parameters for field test. The technology was successfully used in Bohai QHD326 oilfields, and it show good effects of plugging and reducing water cone, which shows a good prospect in offshore reservoirs with bottom water.
In order to acquire good viscosity prediction model to satisfy and control processes in petroleum and chemical industry, existing models were evaluated by absolute relative error at various viscosity ratios. Eight models were selected to be evaluated in this way. Each model’s prediction characteristics and accuracy were compared and recommendation was made according to different viscosity ratio. The result shows that Arrhenius, Bingham, Kendall model have a bad performance when applied to predict blend viscosity which is not recommended to use. Chevron model is recommended to use when viscosity ratio between 1 and 103. Cragoe model is better than others when viscosity ratio between 103 and 105. Whereas, no model has good prediction performance when viscosity ratio between 105 and 106. Thus, a new model is urgently needed to be developed.
HZ253 crude oil extracted from the offshore fields incorporates high water content. For its smooth transportation, it is necessary to investigate the effect of water cut on the rheological properties of the crude. Emulsions with different water cuts for which viscosity was controlled equal to that of filed samples were well prepared in the lab. And thus the gel point, viscosity, yield stress and thixotropy for HZ253 crude oil with W/O emulsions under different water cuts were measured, respectively. The experimental results show that the gel point increases with the increasing water cut within the investigated ranges. Viscosity and yield stress both increase slowly first and then faster with the water cut increases. In addition, thixotropy is intensified with the increasing water cut.
When the vibration of heat exchanger tube bundle is large induced by fluid, the collisions between the tube and baffle will take place at the maximum amplitude of the tube, which leads to tube fretting wear and damage. The transient finite element analysis of fluidinduced vibration response for a heat exchanger tube was employed with ANSYS software. On this basis, the phenomenon of random rubbing between the bezel and tube was studied due to the larger vibration amplitudes of the tube. The nonlinear dynamic response and vibration rules of the random collisions between the bezel and tube were calculated. The calculated results provide a theory of reference for the design of heat exchanger tube bundles.
In the power grid fault protection,relay protection and breaker tripping, misoperation, and information in the upload process lost, distortion and other problems make fast and accurate fault diagnosis is still a problem. Although the neural network method is applied, the neural network is easy to fall into local minimum. In this case, the combination of fault diagnosis method based on wavelet neural networks and genetic algorithms were proposed. Gwnetic algorithms learn wavelet neural network weights, scaling function, structure to determine the optimal wavelet neural network. Computer simulation was done in an example.The simulation results show that the optimized fault diagnosis system is superior to BP algorithm of fault diagnosis system, improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis.
