The inhibition effect between 3methy4aminocinnamaldehydene5mercapto1,2,4triazole Schiff base (short for MACHMT) and cinnamic aldehyde (short for CA), 3methy4amino5mercapto1,2,4triazole（short for MACMT）on Q235 steel in the hydrochloric acid was studied by polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The corrosion performance and inhibition mechanism was discussed and compared. Experiments show that stability and inhibition effeciency of cinnamic aldehyde with a 3methyl4amino5mercapto1, 2,4triazole’s complex system for Q235 carbon steel are higher than the same concentration of seats Schiff base compounds MACHMT.
Adsorption behavior of thiophene in NaY and CeY zeolites prepared by liquid phase ion exchange and solid state ion exchange methods by using the frequency response method, combined with the TG/DTG curves and PyFTIR technique to analyze the the adsorption and diffusion mechanism of thiophene on these zeolites. The results indicate that LCeY zeolites contain the strong B acid and weak L acid sites, while the SCeY zeolites contain the weak L acid and a small amount of weak B acid sites. Only one weak adsorption process of thiophene can be observed for the SCeY and NaY zeolites. Two different adsorption processes can be formed in LCeY zeolites, and the different interactions can be attributed to the different acid sites.
Adopting secondary nano selfassembly method to prepare macroporous catalyst（0106，1227）with small stacking density and high metal loading， the distribution of pore volume centralized from 30 nm to 100 nm，which accounts for 11%,28%. The first activity of two kinds of nano selfassembly catalyst（0106，1227） was investigated with Zhenhai FCC diesel oil as feed at reaction temperatures of 360 ℃，reaction pressure of 7 MPa，hydrogenoil volume ratio of 600，volume space velocity oh 1.5 h-1 in a fixed bed micro reactor of 10 mL，and with reference agent as a contrast. The experimental results show that the two kinds of nano selfassembly catalyst （0106，1227）has higher activity of hydrodesulfurization，hydrodenitrificationand aromatics saturation than the reference catalyst.The sulfur mass fraction of FCC
diesel [ＫＧ*４]oil[ＫＧ*４] feedstock [ＫＧ*４]could [ＫＧ*４]be [ＫＧ*４]reduced from 12 400 μg/g to 483，283 μg/g which the highest desulfurization rate of 96.10% and 9771%;the nitrogen mass fraction of FCC diesel oil feedstock could be reduced from 1 507 μg/g to 35.7，14 μg/g which the highest denitrification rate of 9763% and 9900%; the highest aromatics saturation rate of 67.99% and 68.88%,while only to 537，64.6 μg/g and 9457%，95.54%，6565% over the reference catalyst.
Selective hydrogenation of PAHs in the extracted FCCS over N i - Mo / S i O2 - A l 2O3 catalyst was studied in a high pressure batch autoclave. Experiments were carried out under the conditions of reaction temperature 260~320 ℃, hydrogen pressure 4~7 MPa, reaction time 2~6 h and the ratio of catalyst to oil 0.2~0.5. According to the most important factors of selective hydrogenation of PAHs, the power function kinetics equation was established. The Differential method and Newton iteration method were adopted to estimate the nonlinear parameters of the model. The results show that the calculated reaction order is 1.14 and the activation energy is 44.33 kJ/mol. The average relative deviation of experimental data and model prediction data is 1.41%.
Secondary nano selfassembly alumina was prepared by nano selfassembly owns the properties of large pore volume, high specific surface area and low bulk density. Adopt this carrier, a macroporous hostguest catalyst was prepared by third nano selfassembly. The desulfurization, denitrification and aromatics saturation rate of the catalyst could be as much as 667%, 34.6% and 77.1%, which showed a high performance of active metal per unit volume. In order to explain the high activity of macroporous hostguest catalyst, a resonance absorption hydrogen spillover mechanism was proposed in this paper. Based on the double resonancedouble precessionresonance movement model of introverted principle of the resonance field, it explains the high hydrogenation activity of active components (transition metal elements as Mo, Ni etc.) well, especially for macroporous hostguest catalyst.
Comprehensive evaluation in Bozhong 342/4 oilfield has been made via software, static and dynamic scaling experiments. The results show that incompatibility between the injection water and formation water and calcium carbonate scale would produce during injection process, it’s scaling reached 1 199 mg/L. When scaling of 800 mg/L, core permeability damage up to 32%. Scale studies of the six kinds of inhibitors suggest that, for this oilfield, inhibitor PBTCA has better antiscaling effect, staticscaling reduced by 85% and core permeability damage reduced approximately by 13%.
Horizontal well fracturing technology is an effective mean of developing the low,ultralow permeability reservoirs. For guiding the optimal design and construction of the fracturing of horizontal wells in field, establish the threedimensional twophase producing dynamic models considering changes in the conductivity of horizontal well fracturing was established,and the dynamic simulation of horizontal well fracturing production software was prepared to analysis the sensitivity of fracture geometry parameters, reservoir conditions, production of construction time and etc. And the influence degree of all kinds of factors were considered throught single factor and multifactor analysis.Based on the result of single factor anlysis,five factors that impact larger were selected out for the multifacor analysis.Orthogonal experiments and grey correlation analysis were used for the mulitfactor analysis.The result shows that the fracture number and length are the main two factors. According to the analysis result,the optimization
[ＫＧ*４]of [ＫＧ*４]the [ＫＧ*４]well [ＫＧ*４]are [ＫＧ*４]done [ＫＧ*４]to [ＫＧ*４]provide [ＫＧ*４]the guidance for implementation of the field horizontal well’s fracturing.
Using the indoor experimental test, the intervals shale reservoir physical parameters, the rock mechanics parameters and the natural fracture distribution characteristic parameters were studied, and the constitutive models of stress fielddamage fieldseepage field coupling and the failure criteria of the defective rock mass in the process of riverfrac treatment were established. Through the finite element numerical simulation by the softwareComsol, the crack propagation law of formation respectively under tensile and compressive shear stress was analyzed, when the natural fracture system opens, hydraulic fracturing of shale reservoir artificial fracture network can be formed. When hydraulic fracture extended to natural fracture, there has been a marked increase the width of cracks, and hydraulic fracture direction changes, one of the wings extended along the natural fracture on the wing, the other one wing does not. There is obvious mutual interference between natural fracture. Process of multi cracks is developed from a small to a large crack fracture, the final number of cracks depends on the connectivity between the cracks; stress, natural fracture, perforation interval, perforation, dip, construction flow and liquid viscosity, are the main factors that influence the formation of multi cracks.
The Jilin oilfield found Changling faulted contains the large reserves natural gas by underbalanced drilling technology in Changshen 1 wells, for the expansion of the results of exploration, and improve the efficiency, promote the underbalanced drilling technology. Technology promotion and improvement make the drilling speed raise sharply，gas reservoirs protection is very effective, promoting the promotion and implementation of underbalanced drilling supporting technology.
Analyzed the reservoir of Xujiaweizi depression Shahezi group using the casting thin sections and Xray data, determine its lithology mainly argillaceous siltstone and fine sandstone, maturity is low. According to the mercury curve analyzed Shahezi pore structure, indicating that the overall performance of the reservoir pore throat radius is small, resulting in microscale pore structure water distribution is uneven, which is the low porosity and lowpermeability lithology reservoir. The reservoir is mainly affected by the particle size and diagenesis, dissolution effectively make all kinds of pores connectivity, therefore, the research of reservoir characteristics and influencing factors are significant to oil gas exploration and development of Xujiaweizi foult depression.
The injected water suspended solids particle size index of Qikou 172 oilfield is mainly based on the industry standard, it is essential to carry out the study on compatibility between suspended solids particle size and pore throat on this basis. The distribution of principle waterinjection intake level for Qikou 172 oilfield is obtained via the statistics of the formation factor. Based on the capillary pressure curves from the main water injection reservoir, the microscopic pore structure
was
analyzed and the median primary fluid throat was obtained. In order to find out the compatibility ratio of suspended particle to the median primary fluid throat during waterflooding for the target oilfield, 24 pieces of cores, which its’ permeability are around 2 000 mD, are used to simulate waterflooding. According to Chinese standard SY/T 5329—94, the upper limit of particles concentration of the most strictest index at the target permeability is 5 mg/L. Considering that when the damage extent is over 25%, the relevant size distribution of the particles should be avoided and it’s lower limit is adopted for the working site. Experimental results show that the ratio of the lower limit to the median primary fluid throat is 1/8. The damage extent was over 20% when the concentration of the particles was 5 mg/L and the upper limit of the size distribution was 4 μm.Thus the concentration and the upper limit of the size distribution of the suspend particles should be controlled individually in 5 mg/L and 4 μm.
Influencing factors, changes after adjusting balance, cycle of adjusting balance were researched through analyzing field data. The results show that the balance of oil pumping unit is becoming worse with the increase of oil viscosity and decrease of temperature. The balance of oil wells that just turned into pumping from blowing is bad between 0 and 80 days, fine between 81 and 240 days, and bad again longer than 240 days. The balance of oil pumping unit has no connection with service time of oil pumping unit. The balance of belt type pumping unit is better than that of beam pumping unit. The active power, pump efficiency is improved after adjusting the balance. The electricity consumption is saved
by 3.9%~14.2%, that is 11.2~23.2 kW•h with balance improved by 10%~50%.
The better the balance is, the more electricity is saved. It is suggested to adjust the balance of the wells that just turned into pumping after one week, while, multiply the adjustment frequency for the high viscosity wells, and 3~4 weeks for the low moderate viscosity wells that operates steadily.
The binary combination flooding systems with the same viscosity and different interfacial tension were formulated by changing the concentration of betaine surfactants. The sandpack flooding tests were employed to evaluate the ability of flooding systems to enhance the heavy oil recovery. It is found that the recovery decreased with the increasing of the betaine concentration. Low concentration (0.01%) of betaine can reduce the IFT to a value above ultralow value (10-3 mN/m) and the recovery of binary combination flooding system can be greatly improved. There exists a synergy effect between HPAM and surfactant. The microscopic flooding tests show that the improvement of sweep efficiency can increase heavy oil recovery more efficiently. The ultralow value IFT leads to the increasing of displacement efficiency, however the sweep efficiency was impaired. As a result, the improvement of recovery was affected.
The low permeability reservoir characteristics and overall damage mechanism in Daqing were studied, water blocking damage is one of the most important type of injury. By reservoir damage mechanism analysis, Daqing oilfield Longxi area water blocking damage between 10.41%～14.29%. Therefore, this paper mainly through water lock damage mechanism indoor, preferred and evaluation of waterproof lock agent. Optimizing and evaluating antiwater lock agent indoors, antiwater lock agent DW3 greatly reduce the filtrate interfacial tension. Antiwater lock drilling fluid, which was used in field test shows that: Pilot evaluated the permeability recovery value of drilling fluid system reached 88.14%. Formed the special technology of antiwater lock in Daqing oilfield, achieved the purpose of protecting reservoirs.
The sol type organic chromium crosslinking agent was synthesized by the method of changing the dispersion medium, which used the chromium chloride and acetic acid as the main raw materials. The crosslinking performance evaluation with HPAM the profile control system was made . The results show that the high strength and stability gel can be made when n( C r 3+) / n( A c -) is (1∶2.5)~(1∶3.0), mass concentration of C r 3+ is 197~328 mg/L,and pH is 7~9. The novel chromium crosslinking agent presented a good stability in the alkaline solution. Futhermore, it is suitable for deep reservoir insitu crosslinking, which can enhancement of oil recovery .
The anionic Gemini surfactant Sodium dioleoylamino cystine (SDOLC) was synthesized by onestep reaction of sodium cystine and oleoyl chloride. The reducing oil/water interfacial tension properties and viscoelastic properties of Gemini/HPAM/alkali mixed system were investigated by Texas500C spinning drop interface tensiometer and MCR301 rheometer, and the oil displacement efficiency in homogeneous and heterogeneous cores were evaluated. It was found that the minimum dynamic interfacial tension magnitude between Daqing crude oil and Gemini surfactant/alkali mixed solution is not affected with the addition of HPAM, but the viscosities increased. Overall considering the interfacial tension and viscosity, mixed solution including mass fraction of 0.18% HPAM, 0.1% SDOLC, 0.15% NaOH and 0.06% HEDP•Na4 was chose as Gemini surfactant ASP flooding system. The viscosity of this system was 44 mPa•s and oil/water interfacial tension was 2.4×10-2 mN/m. Homogeneous and heterogeneous cores were water flooded until 98% water cut, and then were treated by 0.6 PV Gemini surfactant ASP slug followed by water flooding to give an enhanced oil recovery of 26.11% and 22.25%, respectively.
The gas diffusion coefficient and therefore gasmixing section length was studied by using onedimension mathematical model in combination with three different methods for calculating gas diffusion coefficient (Taylor, TaylorCW and G.R.I). In addition, the predominant factors in affecting the gasmixing section length were also investigated, including pipeline length, diameter and velocity of the flow. And the comparison between the calculation results and field data show that TaylorCW method can reflect the field practice better. The relative errors of the results for three domestic pipelines are 397%, 23.4% and 22.0%, respectively.
Proppant hydrophobic surface treatment can make proppant reduce oil field produced water while support fracture, control sand. The hydrophobic surface treatment method in terms of both ordinary hydrophobic and superhydrophobic was summed up. The ordinary hydrophobic surface preparation method is divided into three aspects of surface active agent, organic silicon material, fluorinecontaining material; the superhydrophobic surface preparation method is divided into the solgel method, electrospinning method, template method, layers of selfassembly and etching method. Those preparation methods was compared, combined with the situation that water suppression proppant was applied to the field, proposed the hydrophobic surface preparation method was applied to the proppant. Using surfactant hydrophobic modification experiments on quartz surface, the effect of the cationic surfactant CTAB is best, contact angle on the surface of the quartz from 13.7° increases to 73.2°, the Surface tension is 48.88 mN/m, the adsorption capacity of 0.292 mg/g. Finally, it is conceived that hydrophobic surface modification methods was applied to other oilfield areas.
