Mesoporous materials SBA-15 and SBA-15-NH2 were investigated as the water-insoluble aspirin carrier for controlled drug delivery. The samples structure，drug loading and release profiles were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV-spectrophotometer(UV), meantime the release kinetics were analyzed using following mathethematical models Korsmeyer-Peppas equation and Higuchi equation. The results show that the adsorption capacity and release properties of SBA-15 for drug molecules can be improved by functionalizing its surfaces with amine groups, the adsorption of aspirin from 14.2% to 19.5%. The release process of SBA-15-Aspirin follow a Fickian diffusion mechanism, and SBA-15-NH2-Aspirin follow a Non-Fickian diffusion mechanism.
With Titanium trichloride as the oxidant and ascorbic acid as reducing agent and incendiary agent, combustion rapidly synthesized light titanium dioxide. The amount of incendiary agent and calcination temperature were studied by experiment. The sample was characterized by XRD,IR, UV-Vis, SEM. The purity of no washing and calcining titanium dioxide is higher under optimum conditions. The samples are prepared only 20~30 min, the weight of samples is light.
Solvent refining of VGO No.5 using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP) and furfural separately were studied. Based on the optimum operation conditions of NMP and furfural refining, simulating three stages about NMP and furfural extracting VGO No.5 and dewaxing the refined oil were carried out. The properties of refined oil and dewaxed oil were analyzed. The qualities of refined oil from single stage refining using NMP and furfural were closed to. The dewaxed oil of two can satisfy the indication of quality. For NMP refining, compared with furfural refining, the solvent to oil ratio dropped down 50% and the yield increased 7%. For simulating three stages refining using NMP, as compared to furfural, the solvent to oil ratio dropped down 50% and the yield increased 4%. The qualities of refined oils are closed to and better than these of single stage refining oils. The study show that NMP refining had a better result than furfural refining.
The paraffin wax microemulsion was prepared with OPEO (nonionic surfactant) and fat alcohol ethers potassium phosphate (anionic surfactant). Uniform design and optimization software were used in design of the emulsifier formula and the optimization of the experiment results. The synergic effect between the surfactants was investigated. The optimum formula of the mass fraction was OP-4: 82.47%, MOA-3PK: 11.11%, n-amyl alcohol: 6.42%. Optimum conditions were as follows: mass fraction of emulsifier was 5%, the solid content was 25%, the stir speed was 600～800 r/min and the emulsification time was 40 min. Under the conditions, the paraffin wax microemulsion which is translucent and baby blue can be prepared.
Disodium nonylphenol polyoxyethylene monoester sulfoitaconate was synthesized through the esterification and sulfonation reactions using nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ester, itaconic acid and sodium sufite as raw materials. The effects of reaction temperature and molar ratios of reactants on reaction were investigated. And the production was applied to styrene-acrylic emulsion polymerization as new emulsifier,which compared with the traditional emulsifier. The results show that the emulsifier was obtained under the condition of n(NPEO (10))∶n(IA)=1.00∶1.06,n(IA)∶n(Na2SO3)=1.00∶1.06, reaction temperature 120 ℃ and 90 ℃. A stable styrene-acrylic emulsion was got with the new emulsifier dosage of 2.4%, the dosage of emulsifier is 20% less when the traditional emulsifier was replaced by new product.
A large number of sulfur dioxide produced by coal combustion has caused serious pollution. Wet desulfurization is the main method for flue gas desulfurization. A new type of desulfurization equipment called jet rotary liquid tower was described. According to the experimental study, the influence of operating conditions on desulfurization performance and pressure loss was studied. And then the appropriate operating condition was obtained. The research shows that the device has a good sulfur dioxide and dust-removing effect, and the desulfurization efficiency of two trays can reach more than 90%.
The efficiency of catalytic ozonation on treating refinery wastewater was investigated and a simulated activated sludge process was conducted to determine the biodegradability improvement. The experimental results show that the heterogeneous catalyst of copper loaded activated carbon combined ozonation is effective on degrading the organic pollutants and improving the biodegradability of refinery wastewater. When treating 4 000 mL wastewater, the average COD removal rate of 65.0% is attained while the BOD5/COD rate is improved from 0.13 to 0.28, under the optimal operational conditions of pH 11, ozone flow rate 40 L/h, catalyst quantity 200 cm3 and reaction time 40 min.
The thesis proposed a new mechanization of waveparticleduality on resonance field. The movement of the protons and electrons is based on the form of resonance. The movement of the electrons around the protons is provided with the basic resonance point, which is a linear movement on the orbit. The basic resonance point is moved around the nuclear for a period of 2π, which produced the energy accumulation of the waviness—The energy value of the standing wave . The movement of the electronic angular momentum around the nuclear, electronic spinning angular momentum and the electronic spinning precession, the integral sum of the energy is moved by all the three movement according to a period of 2π, which produced the electron transition energy summit of the atomic spectrum. The movement of the electronic around the nuclear in the atom and the movement of the precession and resonance in another atom, which proceed the accumulation for a period of 2π, its sum of the energy is the molecule vibration or rotation energy. Planck's constant (h) is a macroscopic constant which is connected with energy and frequency. Macroscopic energy is the accumulated value of the energy which is generated by a macroscopic wavelength cycle. The basic movement of electrons and photons is linear, which are undulatory property in the external expression.
The acidic components were extracted from Daqing crude oil by using NaOH/EtOH mixed solution. The interfacial tension and dilational rheological properties were investigated at the kerosene-water interface by means of oscillating drop method. The effects of oscillating frequency and bulk mass fraction on interfacial dilational properties were exploited. The results show that the acidic component molecules can easily adsorb onto the interface and greatly reduce interfacial tension. The interfacial dilational behaviors of acidic components are similar to those of surfactants. The modulus increased with increasing frequency and passed through a maximum with bulk concentration increasing, while phase angle increased with decreasing frequency or increasing concentration monotonically. Morover, the modulus maximum of Daqing acidic components is about 45 mN/m, which is much higher than that of Shengli acidic components.
The matching relation between HPAM (partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide) KYPAM-II and the pores of nuclepore film was investigated using nuclepore film filtration, scanning electron microscope(SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results indicate that when the polymer KYPAM-II solution passed through nuclepore films with different pore diameters, the figure of the filtration curves, the solution viscosity and concentration before and after filtration, and the size variation of polymer molecular clews differed. Sharp changes in the shape of the solution filtration curve, concentration and viscosity of the solution and size of the polymer molecular clews occurred at a nuclepore film pore diameter of 0.6~0.7 μm, where retention of the polymer molecules began to occur. Pores less than 0.7 μm could be readily blocked by the polymer molecules, while pores larger than that show good matching with the polymer KYPAM-II without blocking. It may be concluded from this study that the polymer KYPAM-II has good matching only with large nuclepore film pores.
Combined with the stress-strain propery of the constant shear rate start-up process of the gelled crude oil, a damage variable (or damage factor) has been introduced and the mechanical constitutive model which considers the damage was constructed. The experiments have proved that the new model can primely describe the stress-strain relationship of the initial destroy process during the start-up of the gelled crude oil. Utilized these obtained parameters of the constitutive equations, the damage evolution curve under corresponding conditions has been maked. Analysised with the stress-strain curve, the start-up temperature has the minimum effect to the structural damage was discovered and destroy process of the gelled crude oil , and its damage evolution curves under different conditions were general coincided. While start-up shear rate and the static cooling range have comparatively large effect to the structural damage and destroy process. And along with the value increases, the damage and destroy process will demonstrate acceleration features.
When acoustic method was used to leak detection, external interference (operation of compressor and valve, pipeline knocking, etc.) should be distinguished with acoustic leak signals to improve the accuracy of leak detection and reduce false alarm. The technologies of extracting wave characteristics were summarized. The acoustic leak signals and interfering signals were gathered by a high pressure and long distance leak test loop to analyze characteristics of time domain, frequency domain and time-frequency domain. The main characteristics of time domain were mean value, root mean square value, kurtosis, skewness and correlation function, etc. Frequency spectrum analysis and power spectrum density were adopted to analyze the feature of frequency domain, while short time Fourier transform was used to process time-frequency analysis. The results show that the external interference can be removed effectively by the characteristics of time domain, frequency domain and time-frequency domain.
The total heat transfer coefficient of two pipe laid in one dutch was got by using thermal conductivity. Established the shutdown temperature drop calculation model and simulated the unsteady shutdown state by using PISO methord. According to western pipeline historical data and the reality of western crude oil pipeline and product oil pipeline，calculated the shutdown temperature drop and analysis the results. Found out the potentials of shutdown dangerous sections. Provided references for the design and the operation management of northwest two pipe laid in one dutch in our country.
The load characteristic of pumping units is a cyclicity loading. In order to startup and run the pumping units normally, the electrical motor theory installed power of pumping unit was usually higher than running power for requirement of the motor margin, which makes the electric power lost. The reasonable upper limit of electrical motor power utilization ratio by theorical check of the motor heating conditions、overload capacity and startup character and the lower limit by characteristic curve of electrical motor were made. It had been checked by experimental study. Declining electrical motor of pumping units installed power reasonably not only can raise electrical motor power utilization ratio and decrease initial investment, but also can make importance for energy saving of oilfield.
The effect of ternary thermal cycle on microstructure of 2.25Cr1Mo steel was analyzed by SEM and EDS. The results show that ternary thermal cycle results in the formation of bainite. Grain size does not grow larger obviously after subjected ternary thermal cycle of maximum peak temperature 1 195 ℃, total t8/5 more than 97 s of ternary thermal cycle. Because phase transformation does not occur upon cooling of first thermal cycle, effect of peak temperature of second thermal cycle on grain size, which may result in grain finer does happen. EDS analyses of specimen after thermal cycle indicate that micro zone compositions of precipitated phase are similar and Fe element in the majority. It is assumed that precipitated phases formed are Fe, Cr, Mo carbides.
There are two perforating effects in oil field production at present：one is deep penetrating small aperture，another is shallow penetrating big aperture. A kind of perforating charge and perforating technology with independent transmission detonation component was proposed，which solves deep penetrating big aperture problem by its unique double composite perforating technology on perforator.It realizes the purpose on perforating and fracturing,and creates the conditions on incresing production，attains the good effects in an oil production plant in Liaohe oil field by experiments.
In order to implement the real-time surveillance and intelligent analysis in case of unattended, a novel intelligent surveillance system for campus was designed and developed via the software platform of VC6.0 and OpenCV1.0. The proposed system uses the GMM for the prospects detection, Meanshift algorithm for objects tracking, should track multi-target, and a new method based on the characteristic of HSV color space to avoid the shadow disturbance, then the system can be applied into some complex surveillance environments. The system can achieve the functions of intrusion detection, population statistics, crowd density detection and loiterer detection. With the experimental test in the actual campus, the results verify its usefulness and effectiveness.
