A set of chemical absorption-thermal desorption system with pilot scale, which were designed by ourselves, was used to study the performance of DEA aqueous solution for the removal of CO2. The effects of DEA concentration, liquid-gas ratio, CO2 concentration and gas velocity in empty tower on CO2 removal efficiency were investigated respectively. And some operational parameters were also calculated, such as the mole loading of liquid absorbent, the overall mass transfer coefficient and the unit pressure drop of packing layer. Experimental results show that liquid phase mass transfer resistance, i.e., the concentration of DEA solution and liquid gas ratio, can promote the removal process. The optimum parameters are selected as DEA concentration is between from 10% to 20%, and the liquid gas ratio is controlled at 0.125. While the gas phase mass transfer resistance including CO2 content and gas velocity in empty tower may display adverse impact on the absorption. In addition, the effect of gas phase on the removal of CO2 is much smaller than the liquid phase, indicating that the mass transfer resistance is mainly in the liquid side.
The removal of basic nitrogen compounds from the coker diesel by extraction with acidic ionic liquid as main denitrogenation agent were investigated. The experimental results show that good denitrogenation efficiency (up to 92%) for coker diesel can be obtained under the following conditions: the mass ratio of oil to denitrogenation agent 25, temperature of 25 ℃, stirring for 20 min under reflux and settling time of 1.5 h. Denitrogenation agent can be reused and there is no obvious decrease in the nitrogen removal efficiency (90%) after recycling 5 times.
Montmorillonite was changed to organophilic with the hexadecyltrimethy lammonium bromide and dodecyl trimethy ammonium bromides, and organic montmorillonite was obtained. OMMT/E-51 composite modification for waterborne polyurethane was prepared. The effect of OMMT, DMPA and E-51 mass percentage on OMMT/E-51 composite modificationfor waterborne polyurethane were studied. The results show that the the mass fraction of OMMT was 1.5%, the mass fraction of DMPA was 4.0%，the mass fraction of E-51 was 4.0%，the emulsion and adhesive film possessed a good performance, the water absorption is 5.9%, the water contact angle is 98°, the tensile strength is 32 MPa, the elongation at break is 571%.
Since methanol-reclaiming equipment of gas processing plant in ShanBei Gas Field has operated, inlet filters, distillation column and methanol-reclaiming system were often clogged. By analyzing wastewater quality and size distribution, filtration performance and blockage quality that find the reason which causes methanol-reclaiming system is clogged and provide theory bases for optimizing the process of methanol-reclaiming system.
Submicron zeolites FeAlMFI were synthesized by hydrogel constraint synthesis method,with silica sol, ferric nitrate and aluminum sulfate being used as silicon, iron and aluminum sources, respectively, and TPABr as template agent, methyl cellulose as micro-reactor template. The factors that influence particle size were also discussed, such as crystallization time, crystallization temperature and MC. The structure and particle size of samples obtained were characterized by means of XRD, ICP and LPSA. The results indicate that the synthesized zeolite samples are submicron FeAlMFI zeolites, with 100～200 nm particle sizes. The catalytic performance of ZSM-5 and FeAlMFI zeolites was investigated by the methanol-to-olefins reaction. The results of methanol reaction tests show that submicron FeAlMFI zeolite catalyst exhibited a high active stability of methanol conversion and the selectivity to light olefins is increased significantly to 85.9%.
Bentonite was modified by hexamethyl hexyl diammonium methylsulfate (HDAS), hexamethyl decyl diammonium methylsulfate (DDAS), hexamethonium bromide (HMB) and decamethonium bromide (DMB), respectively. The microstructures of the organobentonites were characterized using N2 adsorption technique, infrared spectral (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The results show that the specific surface area of the organobentonites is increased, while the pore volumes of two organobentonites are increase and other two are decrease. The bis-quaternary ammonium salts are intercalated into bentonite interlayer and arranged in monolayer, without changing the layer skeleton structure of silicate. The alkyl chain length and the matching anion of the quaternary ammonium salts have some impact on the microstructure of organobentonite.
The experiment on hydrodewaxing process using the Bohai bay naphthenic crude oil third vacuum side distillate oil to product rubber filling oil was studied. The result show that using high-pressure hydrodewaxing process, under the conditions of LHSV 0.18 h-1, H2/oil (volume ratio) 800∶1, reaction pressure 15 MPa, reaction temperature about 320~380 ℃. The freezing point of fractions above 320 ℃ declined to -26 ℃, the contents of sulfur and nitrogen decreased to 12 μg/g and 8 μg/g respectively, and aromatic content went down from 36.8% to 4.3%. The properties of fraction above 320 ℃ were similar to the import extender oils of SBS.
The development of new ball shape petroleum wax hydrofining catalyst and process condition as well as experiments on various feedstocks were described. The experiment results show that the catalyst has excellent physical chemistry nature and with five-teeth ball physical form, high strength, small granularity. Meetging petroleum wax hydrofining characteristics and with excellent activity and good adaptability on wax material. Under the 20％ low density comparing FV-10 catalyst, the activity is comparable.
A electromagnetic field with physical reality-resonance field was proposed, which substitute for the hypothesis wave of De Broglie wave-phase resonance. Replacing Schrodingers analogy method with resonance field, a basic wave equation was generated from wave propertity or particle property directly, which were equal to Schrodinger's equation. A pair of harmonic oscillator radiates electromagnetic field respectively, whose electromagnetic radiation radiates on the particle surface of the opposite side, proceeding electromagnetic interaction with the particle of the opposite side, and then genetared quantum resonance effect. When the two particles achieved energy equilibrium, whose energy was the resonance binding energy of them. The binding energy of resonance was inverse to the square of distance. Resonance field had resonance quantum, its basic equation came from wave nature, the interacting field and other physical significances. The theory of energy convergence of resonance field, the theory of energy balance of center of mass of resonance field, the theory of energy conservation of resonance field, the theory of symmetry and asymmetry of resonance field and other theories of resonance field was proposed.
Reservoirs in Changqing oilfield typically belongs to those with low permeability, which entails water injection for the development. Along with the extension of development, some blocks have entered into the mid-late period of the development, with gradual increase of water-cut, which brings enormous difficulties for the stimulation of producers. On the basis of reservoir features of lower permeability, current status of development and reasons of water breakthrough in Changqing oilfield, comes up with technologies to improve production of single well with mid-high water-cut, such as profile adjustment in deep formation in injectors, water shutoff in oil producers, water shutoff and fracturing and temporary shutoff and acidizing in deep part of fractures. Currently, these technologies have been applied in 61 wells, with effective results obtained, which is a great breakthrough in increasing production of single well with mid-high water-cut in Changqing oilfield where reservoirs are featuring low permeability.
By designing the 3D horizontal well physical model in bottom water reservoir, the water breakthrough rule of standard or different well trajectory horizontal well was studied. From the horizontal well bottom water flooding exploitation theory, the unified, universal, dimensionless parameter group-the bottom water drive number to characterize the rule of water breakthrough were established. Using the 3D horizontal well physical model, the bottom water drive number was proved correct. It provides theoretical basis on how to predict the water breakthrough site during the process of exploiting horizontal well in bottom water reservoir and take corresponding measures to delay the duration of bottom water breakthrough.
From the hot alkali water examination on oil sands-KBK oil sand and LWL oil sand-from the Indonesia PT.Karunia Alam Indonesia industry, the result shows that the separate effect is low, when use “organic solvent extraction + hot water extraction” technology to separate oil from oil sand, the separate effect is high. The percent of oil recovery from oil sand is 96.9% and 97.81%, and the tail sand accords with the nation emission standard.
Trace Pb existing in widespread lead-free soldering manufacturing Currently, may impact on microstructure and property of lead free solder. Effect of trace Pb on microstructure and property of Sn-9Zn solder was investigated by means of XRD,SEM and electrochemical testing system etc. The results show that Zn-rich phase in Sn-9Zn solder significantly refine and Pb is solube in the solder at Pb content of 0.3%; microstructure remarkablely is refine at Pb content of 0.8%, and Pb precipitate in grain boundaries as well; wettability and microhardness of the solder increase with Pb content increasing, corrosion potential rise a little with Pb content increasing, however, corrosion current density decrease significantly with increasing Pb content.
Principal component analysis (PCA) was an important and most widely used data whitening approach in process monitoring based on independent component analysis (ICA) due to its effectivity in reducing dimensions of objects. PCA model was generated based on sample data of normal process, and the first several PCs which contain the most variance information of normal process were employed for ICA and process noise was eliminated. In PCA model, T2 statistic of each principal component has the property that it can measure variation along direction of the component. By researching the T2 statistic of sample data of fault process, it is found that information of some faults are mostly reflected on the components corresponding to smaller variance contribution, which are regarded as process noise and eliminated, and thus missed detection problem is happened. At last, the effect of PCA whitening on chemical process monitoring based on PCA-ICA is illustrated through simulations of both a simple process and TE process, and the results prove the proposed opinion.
A one-dimensional and cross flow analytical model for sinter mixture was established, and then the model was verified correctly by tunnel drier experiment. Based on these, the law and influence factors of sinter mixture during drying process were analyzed. The results show that the drying process of the sinter mixture consists of two stages, namely, a short long constant-rate stage, and a long falling-rate stage, furthermore, the drying rate in falling-rate stage is almost linear. The effect of temperature and the flow rate of the hot air to drying process are better than that of porosity and average diameter particles obviously. It is beneficial to appropriate moisture content when temperature and the flow rate of the hot air were 200~250 ℃ and 1.5 m/s, respectively.
