开放空间掺氢天然气高压管道小孔喷射泄漏特性分析

doi:10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2025.04.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了快速界定掺氢天然气高压管道泄漏的危险距离，通过整合管道小孔泄漏模型、名义喷管模型和横流?射流积分模型，建立了开放空间掺氢天然气高压管道小孔喷射泄漏过程完整的理论数学模型，并通过实验验证了高速射流下横流?射流积分模型的适用性；基于建立的模型，分析了掺氢比（氢气的体积分数）、风速、泄漏孔直径、管内压力对射流轨迹的影响以及掺氢比、风速、名义直径对最大爆炸危险距离的影响规律。结果表明，横流?射流积分模型数据与实验数据和数值模拟数据吻合较好；掺氢比、泄漏孔直径和管道压力越大，泄漏射流轨迹偏折程度越小；风速越大，泄漏射流偏折程度越大；当掺氢比低于44.4%时，掺氢比与最大爆炸危险距离呈线性减小关系；当掺氢比高于44.4%时，掺氢比与最大爆炸危险距离呈线性增加关系；风速与最大爆炸危险距离近似呈线性减小关系；名义直径与最大爆炸危险距离呈正比关系。

关键词: 掺氢天然气, 管道, 泄漏, 射流, 危险距离

Abstract:

In order to quickly define the dangerous distance of leakage in hydrogen?blended natural gas high?pressure pipelines, this study established a mathematical model of small hole jet leakage of hydrogen?blended natural gas high?pressure pipelines in open space by integrating the pipeline leakage model,nominal nozzle model and jet in cross?flow integration model,verified the applicability of the jet in cross?flow integration model under high?speed jet and analyzed the influence of hydrogen ratio,wind speed leakage hole diameter and pipeline pressure on the leakage jet trajectory and the influence of hydrogen ratio,wind speed and nominal diameter on the maximum explosion danger distance.The results shows that the JICF model is in good agreement with the experimental data and the numerical simulation data.The greater the hydrogen mixing ratio,the diameter of the leakage hole and the pipeline pressure are,the less the deflection degree of the leakage jet trajectory will be.The higher the wind speed is,the greater the deflection degree of the leakage jet will be.The relationship between the hydrogen ratio and the maximum dangerous explosion distance decreases linearly when the hydrogen ratio is lower than 44.4%,and increases linearly when the hydrogen ratio is higher than 44.4%.The relationship between the wind speed and the maximum dangerous explosion distance is approximately linear.The nominal diameter is directly proportional to the maximum explosive danger distance.

Key words: Hydrogen?blended natural gas, Leakage, Pipeline, Jet, Danger distance

中图分类号:

TE88

徐海峰, 薛仕龙, 赵鹏飞, 张小斌. 开放空间掺氢天然气高压管道小孔喷射泄漏特性分析[J]. 石油化工高等学校学报, 2025, 38(4): 34-42.

Haifeng XU, Shilong XUE, Pengfei ZHAO, Xiaobin ZHANG. Characteristics Analysis of Small⁃Hole Jet Leakage of Hydrogen⁃Blended Natural Gas High⁃Pressure Pipeline in Open Space[J]. Journal of Petrochemical Universities, 2025, 38(4): 34-42.

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链接本文: https://journal.lnpu.edu.cn/syhg/CN/10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2025.04.005

https://journal.lnpu.edu.cn/syhg/CN/Y2025/V38/I4/34

图/表 13

图1 开放空间HBNG高压管道小孔泄漏数学模型

Fig.1 Mathmatical model of small hole leakage in overhead HBNG high pressure pipeline

图2 Birch名义喷管模型示意图[17]

Fig.2 Schematic of Birch nominal nozzel model[17]

图3 JICF模型示意图

Fig.3 Schematic of JICF model

图4 射流轨迹理论值与KEFFER和KAMOTANI实验值的对比

Fig.4 Comparison of the jet trajectory calculated theoretically with KEFFER and KAMOTANI experimental data

图5 三维数值仿真物理模型

Fig.5 Physical model of 3D numerical simulation

图6 射流孔周围网格图

Fig.6 Mesh segmentation around the jet hole

图7 风速不同时对称面上(y=0)的甲烷质量分数分布情况

Fig.7 The mass fraction of methane on the symmetry plane (y=0) at different wind speeds

图8 射流轨迹的理论值与模拟值对比

Fig.8 Comparision of the jet trajectory calculated theoretically with numerical simulation data

表1 不同气体组分下名义出口处的射流速度

Table 1 Jet velocity at nominal exit under different components

气体组分	射流速度/(m·s^-1)
纯天然气	453.6
v=10%	473.7
v=20%	499.8
v=30%	530.4
v=40%	566.9
纯氢气	1 321.3

图9 纯天然气、纯氢气和不同掺氢比下的射流轨迹

Fig.9 Jet trajectory of pure natural gas, pure hydrogen and different hydrogen mixture ratio

图10 不同风速、泄漏孔直径、管道压力下的射流轨迹

Fig.10 Jet trajectory at different wind speed,different leakage hole diameter and pressure inside the tube

图11 最大爆炸危险距离示意图

Fig.11 Schematic of maximum explosive danger distance

图12 不同掺氢比、风速和名义直径下最大爆炸危险距离（a）掺氢比（b）风速（c）名义直径

Fig.12 Maximum explosion danger distance under different hydrogen mixing ratios, wind speeds and nominal diameters

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