The Production of Single Cell Protein by Solid State Fermentation of Grape Residue
WANG Zhan -yong,SU Ting -ting
2005, 25 (3): 1-4.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 273KB ) ( ) 　　
        Single cell protein (SCP)production w as studied by solid state fermentation using g rape residue as a sole carbon source .Two strains of yeasts and two strains of molds were cultured in various mixing groups to choice the best combination way .Some factors of influence on SCP production were investigated, such as inoculation content , mass fraction of water in the culture medium , fermentation time , fermentation temperature , the resource of nitrogen , the addition of it , and so on .The optimum conditions were determined by orthogonal experiment .The optimum conditions are as follow s:the inoculation content of sprain is 15 %, mass fraction of water is 60 % in the culture medium , which is fermenting for 72 hours at 30 ℃, carbamide used as the nitrogen source , 6 %mass fraction of carbamide is added to fermentation sample .In the above conditions, the mass fraction of crude protein in fermentation production is mo re than 2 times, compared with that in grape residue before fermentation.
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Hβ -Zeolite Cataly zed Deg radation of Polysty rene and Polyethylene
CHEN Ping,SUN Yong--kang
2005, 25 (3): 5-7.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 211KB ) ( ) 　　
        Pore structure of Hβ -zeolite was changed by hydrothermal and acid treatment .The surface areas, total volumes and average diameters were broadened .The pore volume produced by treatment w as 38 .7% of total pore volume .By modifying the pore size w as broadened and produced more pore, but the acid amount and acid strength decreased.Thermogravimetric analyses w ere used to investigate the activity of Hβ -zeolite catalysts in the degradation of polystyrene and poly ethylene .The results show that modified Hβ -zeolite could reduce degradation temperature of polyethylene .The acidity of catalys exhibits much influecnce on degradation temperature and coking .The increase of catalyst acidity leads to a significantly decrease in degradation temperature , but a remarkable increase in coke yield , which is 6 times of thermal degradation .The effect of catalyst o n degradation temperature for polystyrene is slight , and mainly depends on pore structure of catalyst .Coking is simlar to that of polyethylene , that is , coking increases with the increasing catalyst acidity .
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The Ef fect of Additive on the Rate of Deni tride and Acidi ty in Refining NMP Solvent
LI Wen -shen,CAO Zu -bin,LIU Jie
2005, 25 (3): 8-10.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 224KB ) ( ) 　　
　    N -Methylpyrrolidone (NMP)used as solvent for lube oil refining has strong dissolving ability , perfect selectivity , and good environmental protection function.But the rate of denitride is low , and the corrosion of the equipments is also a problem .The No .1 refinery' s vacuum gas oil w as use as feedstocks in the experiment , and it was refined by NM P solvent and additive to increase the rate of denitride .The maximum denitrification rate reaches to 84 .54%.A series of extractant , with different mass fraction of the denitrifier and different volumicration of solvent and oil, were titrated by the standard titration of potassium hydroxide and ethanol,and their aciditys were computed by the consumption of the standard titration.According to the acidity' s curve , the effect of mass fraction of the denitrifier and volumic ratio of solvent and oil on acidity is investigated, the acidity increases with the increasing of the mass fraction of the denitrifier , and decreases with the increasing of the volumic ratio of solvent and oil .The denitrifier has no effect on oxidization of NMP solvent
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Determination of High Oil Content in Petroleum Wax by the Butanone -Toluene Method
LI Li -hua,WANG Li -jun,et al
2005, 25 (3): 11-13.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 214KB ) ( ) 　　
        Determination of oil content in petroleum w ax (butanone -to luene method)was studied .The effects of mass of samples,air current velocity on test results were researched in the experiment .Repetitiveness of the method was validated, and the oil content of some domestic pro ducts of petroleum w ax w as measured with the butanone -toluene method .The results show that this method has good repetitiveness and practicability .The mass fraction of oil in petroleum wax from 15 % to 55 % can be determined.This method dramatically decreases the cost of determination by using the domestic apparatuses and reagents instead of imported ones.
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Preparation of Spray -Type Frui t Preservative Wax#br#
HOU Bo,CAO Zhi -tao,et al
2005, 25 (3): 14-16.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 229KB ) ( ) 　　
        The formula of fruit preservative wax was studied by replacing natural bee w ax with modify ing petroleum wax .The effects of mass fraction of emulsifer , emulsifying time , emulsifying temperature and agitate velocity on emulsifying effictiveness as well as product performance were investigated simultaneously .The results show that the emulsifier is type of composite complex , which is proportionally combined by triethanolamine and stearic acid .The optimum mass fraction of emulsifier is 8%.The influence of emulsifying time on emulsifying effictiveness is no table .Here emulsifying time is 40 minutes.The optimum emulsifying temperature is 90 ℃.The influence of agitate velocity on particle size of emulsion is no table .The optimum agitate velocity is 1×10³ r/min .Under the above conditions, product of experimentation compared with import fruit wax , the raw materials are easily available .The process conditions of emulsification is tempered and mode of coating wax is simple .The cost is low .Therefore , there are some commercial value and prospect.
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2005, 25 (3): 17-19.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 213KB ) ( ) 　　
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Serviceability of SBS Modified Paving Asphalt From Tahe Crude Oil
FU Li, WANG Hai -y an, MA Jun
2005, 25 (3): 20-23.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 322KB ) ( ) 　　
        The SBS modified paving asphalt was developed from the Tahe crude oil containing more asphaltine .The problem about compatibility and storage stability between SBS polymer and the base asphalt were solved by adding compatilizer and stabilizer .This SBS modified paving asphalt which was up to JTG F40 -2004 technical specifications was evaluated by conventional test method and SHRP test method and compared with other SBS modified paving asphalt .The results show that the penetration index of SBS modified paving asphalt from the Tahe crude oil is more than 1 , the viscous -elastic range is 93.06 ℃, its equivalent softening point is 58 .08 ℃ and its equivalent break point is -34 .98 ℃ by conventional test method.So it has very small temperature sensitivity , wider viscous-elastic range and excellent high -low temperature performance .This kind o f SBS modified paving asphalt is applied in wider temperature range .I ts performance grade evaluated by SHRP test method reaches PG76 -34 .The performance grade of others compared SBS modified paving asphalt is PG70 -28.These results show SBS modified paving asphalt from the Tahe crude oil possesses excellent serviceability
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Synthesis and Properties of Poly -Alpha -Olefin Wi th 1 -Decene
ZHANG Zhi -feng,DING Hong -sheng,et al
2005, 25 (3): 24-27.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 334KB ) ( ) 　　
　  Poly -alpha -olefin is one kind of important lubricants.The polymerization of 1-decene catalyzed by boron trifluoride catalyst was studied.The properties of the synthesized poly -alpha - olefin lubricant were investigated under various kinds of technological conditions, for example , reaction temperature , reaction pressure , reaction time , various kinds of initiator , mole ratio of the catalyst and promoter .The optimum condition for the synthesis of poly-alpha-olefin are as follows :the reaction temperature is 30 ℃, the reaction pressure is 0 .4 MPa , the reaction time is 3 hours, the initiator is butanol, and the mole ratio of the catalyst to the initiator is 2 .0.The components of poly -alpha -olefin lubricants were analyzed using gas chromatog raph.Under the optimum technological conditions, the conversion of 1-decene is 99.8%, the mass fraction of dimer is 2 .5 %, the mass fraction of trimer is 64 .5%, the mass fraction of tetramer is 27.5 %, and the mass fraction of pentamer is 5 .6 %.The proper ties of the poly -alpha -olefin oils w ere studied by kinematical viscometer and petrolic products distilling test instrument .The viscosity is 4.80 mm²/s and 23 .09 mm²/s at 100 ℃ and 40 ℃, respectively .The viscosity index is 132 , the freezing point is -60 ℃.
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Production of Heavy Traf fic Paving Asphalt by Blending FCC Slurry in Propane Deasphalted Asphalt
ZHANG De -hua,SHEN Jian,et al
2005, 25 (3): 28-31.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 334KB ) ( ) 　　
        The experiment of producing heavy traffic paving asphalt was carried out with the FCC slurry and the propane deasphalted asphalt as the feedstock by uniform prescription design method .The experiment scheme was designed by original FCC slurry , above 400 ℃ slurry , above 445 ℃ slurry , and propane deasphlted asphalt as fact rs.The mathematic model of blending composition and asphalt w as set up by gradual regression of the experiment date , the effect of the blending composition on the asphalt was reflected quantified , and the optimal composition(above 400 ℃ slurry)which blended in proane deasphalt was found .Using FCC slurry as modified solvent not only makes full use of the slurry , but also improves the property of propane deasphalted asphalt .Based on mathematic model , the predicted results conformed with the measured results by using uniform prescription design of blending asphalt .The heavy traffic paving asphalt can be produced according with national standard of heavy traffic paving asphalt .It can be used as a basis for industrialization.
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Preparation of Non -Hy drogenization Catalyst for FCC Gasoline Upgrading Under Low Temperature
YU Ting -yun, ZHANG Ji -g ang
2005, 25 (3): 32-35.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 278KB ) ( ) 　　
        A non-hydrog enization catalyst for FCC gasoline upgrading under low temperature was synthesized using Hβ zeolite as carrier , non -noble metal nickel and wolf ram as main composition , and phosphorous as promoter .The effect of chloridization treatment on Hβ zeolite under different treatment temperature and trea tment time was studied.The effect of treatment conditions on physicochemical properties of carrier was investigated using BET technology and catalytic activity evaluation was performed on micro-reactor .The results show that the β -zeolite treated by chloridization appears higher activity and better stability lasting for 2 000 hours when the treatment temperature is 600 ℃ and treatment time is 6 hours .The influence of reaction temperature on product distribution w as studied .I t can be found that not only the olefin content decreases 18 .2 % but also the desulfurization ratio reaches to 35 .4% under 110 ℃.The catalyst has better reclaiming property and recycled catalyst still exhibits high catalytic activity .
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Synthesis and Characterization of Cerium(Ⅲ)Complex With Cyclohexane Carboxylic Acid
WANG Rui
2005, 25 (3): 36-38.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 282KB ) ( ) 　　
        Cerium(Ⅲ)complex was synthesized in water solution by reaction of cerium pro to chloride with cyclohexane carboxylic acid (C6H11COOH)as ligand and using ammonia to adjust its pH value to 5.5.The complex was characterized by thermog ravimetric analysis, element analysis and IR spectra .The results of TG and element analysis show that the formula of the cerium (Ⅲ)complex is Ce(C7H11O2)3.The IR spectrum o f the prepared complex suggests that the coordination of cerium (Ⅲ)complex is chelating .The influence of different post treatment technics on the purity of complex was discussed .And then a better post treatment technics  was obtained.The product obtained is respectively w ashed with hot water and hot alcohol thrice during the process of filtration .After that , the product is dried in vacuum at 120 ℃ for 3 hours.Finally , the pure cerium (Ⅲ)complex with cyclohexane carboxylic acidis obtained.
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Reason and Prevention of Cracking on Tube Sheet of Oil Slurry Stream Generator
YU Ming, SONG Tian -min,et al
2005, 25 (3): 39-42.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 480KB ) ( ) 　　
        The steam generator of Jinzhou refinery is head-floating steam generator w hose tube sheet was cracked after it was put into use in mo re then a year .The wide -area cracks in the tube sheet of oil slurry steam generator were found, and the cracks star ted from the tube bundles, and went along with the direction of radius.With the cor relation method, the metalloscopy method and the crack mechanics analytic method , the reason of the cracking on the CCU tube -plate was analyzed .The chemical components, mechanical proper ties , the appearance of cracks in macro and micro of the samples were analyzed .Experimental result indicates that both the chemical components and mechanical proper ties of the tube sheet meet GB6654 -96 , that is to say , material do not result in cracking o n the CCU tube -plate.Cracks meet the feature of stress corrosion.The generating and flowing of the stream induces pipe bundle vibration that becomes especially stronger under the action of g as -fluid two phase flow , which produces cyclic load on the welded joint of tube -plate and bring s fatigue broken .The conclusion is that an interaction between fatigue and stress corrosion is the reason of the cracking on the CCU tube -plate.Fatigue is the more important reason o f the cracking on the CCU tube -plate .The improvements of preventing cracks are put forward.
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Fracture Analy sis of Pump Axle
WANG Li -juan,　ZHANG Guo -fu，et al
2005, 25 (3): 43-47.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 534KB ) ( ) 　　
　    Through a great deal of experiments , a failure axle of air -breathing pump on the top of decompression tower was analyzed and researched in details , and then its causes of inactivation was found out.Chemical components, mechanical properties, metallurgical structure and corrosion substance in the pit of the pump axle were tested.By analyzing the results of tests, three main causes of the axle inactivation are concluded.Firstly , non -metallic inclusions in the microscopic structure go heavily beyond the standard value .Secondly , microscopic structure doesn' t conform to technical requirements.Finally , in the bottom of pump axle' s key way , sectional dimension changes greatly , the key way' s root is sharp-angled, and there exist many corrosion pits.These defects act as sharp gaps .Under the effect of alternately rotating and winding load , notch effects happen heavily along these defects, and a very high local stress concentration is formed, which leads to failure due to pump axle' s fatigue fracture .On the basis of confirming failure causes, a proposal is put forward that the relevant measures are taken to prevent pump axle from fatigue cracking too early and prolong its operating life .
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Oxidation Capability of ND Steel at Isothermal Temperature
QIN Hua，HU Chuan -shun，et al
2005, 25 (3): 48-49.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 229KB ) ( ) 　　
　    The capability of oxidation of 20g and ND steel at isothermal temperature of 450 ℃ w as studied , and the oxidation kinetic curves were attained.The formula of oxidation kinetic curves was draw n up , at the same time , the oxidization surface of samples was macroscopically observed and the components of oxides w ere analyzed by XRD.The results show as follows :with the increase of the temperature and the time of heat preservation , the constant of oxidation rate increases.The capability of antioxidation of 20g and ND steel decreases continually .While ND steel is oxygenated at 450 ℃, with the increase of oxidation time , oxidation weight increases, and its dynamics constant is 0.035 .Comparing with 20g steel , ND steel has better resist oxidation properties and the velocity of erosion is lower .
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Two Methods of 3D Parameterized Modeling of Straight Toothed Gear in CAD
S U Chong,ZHAO Heng -hua,GAO Xing -jun
2005, 25 (3): 50-53.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 329KB ) ( ) 　　
　    Adopting AutoLISP language in AutoCAD, 3D parameterized modeling of machine products based on features was realized.Under the platform of AutoCAD2000 , taking a straight toothed g ear for an example , two kinds of parameterized modeling methods w ere adopted to implement 3D parameterized modeling of straight toothed gear .The gear can be generated after a user inputs necessary parameter values.The designed gear has good heritage characteristics , therefore reduces repeated working of designers and improves greatly design efficiency .Using emulation machining method to model a straight toothed gear parametrically , it can not only implement dimension driving , but also generate accurate standard gear model.The method w ill provide a design basis for more complicated machine parts.
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Reliability Analysis of Flexible Shaf t' s Fatigue Life of Screw Pump
2005, 25 (3): 54-57.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 320KB ) ( ) 　　
        Aiming at high frequency of the fracture of screw pump' s flexible shaft , the relationship between the probability of sureness and the use life of flexible shaft was given by adopting the method of probability analysis .During the process of calculating the fatigue crack' s extend life of flexible shaft , the uncertainty of several main factors was taken into consideration :initial crack length, practical working load , fracture toughness and crack propagation rate .According to distribution characteristics of random parameters, a sample was given by means of simulating practical operational working condition , then the life of flexible shaft was computed by using Monte Carlo numerical calculating method.A curve that reliability varied with time was obtained .By analyzing the calculation result , the problem existed in the design of flexible shaft was found out and corresponding improvement measure was put forward.
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3D Modeling and Computer Simulation Processing for Locus of Edge of Roll Cut ting Tool
TANG Xiao -chu, ZHANG Yan
2005, 25 (3): 58-60.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 266KB ) ( ) 　　
    　A corresponding relationship was analyzed be tween the 2D design views of roll-cutting tool locus and its spatial locus.A method of data processing w as researched for 2D developed view of cutting tool locus .A coordinate translating method was provided that translated a 2D curve data to its 3D spatial locus data on a cylinder surface .3D modeling of the cutting tool locus of an irregular curve on cylinder surface w as implemented in CAD.Furthermore , the molding characteristics of the roll cutting tool edge and the methods of creating curve -surfaced entity mold were studied.The computer simulation processing was conducted by way of the parameter line processing .The basic data was prepared for production processing in NC machine tool.
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Analysis on Fuzzy Dynamic Reliability of Submarine Pipeline Span
CHEN Zhen -kun,WANG Mao -ting,et al
2005, 25 (3): 61-64.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 301KB ) ( ) 　　
　    When submarine pipelines are subject to complex condition loads , it is indispensable to analyze their dynamic response and reliability .Firstly , under the effect of ocean wave and current, the mechanism of vortex -induced vibration generated by pipeline span was analyzed, and the mechanic model of span was found in transverse vortex -induced vibration .The vibration differential equation of pipeline span was obtained through applying vibration theory .The inherent frequency and dynamic response rule w ere solved by adopting Galarkin method .Then , according to the three kinds of fuzzy failure rules, that is , the first excess over allowed value , fatigue failure and mixed failure, the corresponding computation formula of fuzzy dynamic reliability was given.Finally , an application example was provided to testify its feasibility .From the reliability analysis of span , vortex -induced vibration resulting from ocean wave and current is one of primary destroy factors.The span model ignores complexities of span ends' soil supporting and seismic load effects, it needs doing experiments to further discussion.
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Numerical Simulation of Three -Dimensional Non -Isothermal Flow Field in the Mixing Process of Turbine Agi tating Paddle
LIU De -Jun
2005, 25 (3): 65-68.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 607KB ) ( ) 　　
        Liquid flow in chemical agitating equipments goes with the distinct heat transmission process .Because of the complexity of stirring flow and difficult measurement of the temperature distribution , adopting experiment method has a certain limitation. Utilizing computing flow hydrodynamics software (CFD), a standard κ-ξ turbulent model was adopted .Under the non -isothermal and astable condition, three -dimensional flow field and temperature field' s distribution in agitating trough was analyzed in the mixing process of turbine agitating paddle .The results show that when the propeller blades rotating , high -speed jet flow appears in the impeller area .Radial jet flow , carrying surrounding fluid in the process of flowing , bounces tank wall , which ejects in radial direction and becomes two par ts .Near the upper side and low er side of impeller forms two recycle vortexes.With the increase of the stirring time of propeller blades, the temperature of fluid in the tank tends to be even gradually .But six low temperature areas appear the bevel upper position with 6 propeller blades.A majority energies produced by the propeller blades are used up in the eduction flow area near the propeller blades.
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Calculation of the Equivalent Diameter in the Pipeline
WANG Jing -bo
2005, 25 (3): 69-70.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 217KB ) ( ) 　　
　    The paper studied the conversion of flux and flowing speed equivalent diameter' s friction resistance of unit length in rectangular pipeline , which had been adopted in design calculation of hydromechanics .Friction resistance of unit length of rectangular pipeline under the two definitions was analyzed and demonstrated theoretically .It' s concluded for rectangular pipeline in the same design condition, while searching for friction resistance of unit length of rectangular pipeline in linear diagraph by adopting flux and flowing speed equivalent diameter , obtained results are different .Thus, it' s difficult to ensure result optimization of other design scheme .
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Layered Cooperating Intrusion Detection System Based on Multi -Agent
LvAi -li,WEI Hai -ping,et al
2005, 25 (3): 71-75.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 324KB ) ( ) 　　
        According to the design tactics of distributed intrusion detection system , a Layered Cooperation Intrusion Detection System (IDS)based on the multi-agent technology was designed .The main aim in layered cooperating IDS focused on overcoming some design shortcomings of the currently available host based IDS and network based IDS .All the detection nodes cooperated with each other to detect and prevent intrusions.The system referred the popular Common Intrusion Detection Framework (CIDF).And the combination of network protocol analysis with pattern match technology was adopted in designing the detection methods. Furthermore , the system' s architecture , each component' s function, and some key techniques of this system were introduced.
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Application of SPSS S tatistics Sof tw are in Editing of Science and Technology Periodicals (Ⅰ):Linear Reg ression
ZHU Wei
2005, 25 (3): 76-79.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 377KB ) ( ) 　　
　   Various cases can cause errors of data' s statistics results in science and technology thesis.Science and technology editors can' t find and correct the errors in time because they cannot use the statistics software correctly .In order to make editors learn and use the statistics software , and improve the quality of the science and technology periodicals , the functions and the basic using methods of SPSS w ere introduced .On the basis of it , application of regression function o f SPSS was illustrated in editing of science and technology periodicals.
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Design of Remote Video System Based on Web
CHANG Dong -chao,NING Di
2005, 25 (3): 80-82.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 217KB ) ( ) 　　
　   A kernel technology of remote video system was analyzed .The operational mechanism and characteristics of software system of IP/ TV and Real System was introduced.A design scheme of Web interactive remote video system was pro posed.Through a period of test run, the net video system has a good transmission effect .As long as a camera head and a microphone are installed in the current net video system , functions of videoconference and remote education can be realized.Furthermore , it can take part in Internet/ Intranet videoconference by wide area net to realize remote education of Internet.The system has an excellent developmental prospect .
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Realization of Metering System Prevent ing Cheat Based on Computer Network
WANG Zi -jun, SUN Jing -bin
2005, 25 (3): 87-89.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 0KB ) ( ) 　　
        The cheat behaviors in metering of electronics steelyard steal the country properties and disturb the order of market economy .In order to improve the equity and credibility of the merchandise trade , traditional metering method must be reformed. Starting with analyzing cheat artifice , applying computer network technology , automatic identification input technology and infrared ray control technology , a highly efficient and reliable method was presented, which can solve the automation of weighing , scientifically managing of data , networking of date searching and prevent effectively cheating .Practical application shows that it can improve work efficiency , put an end to factitious operation error , and prevent various of cheat behaviors.
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Simple Cri teria for Nonsingular H -Matrices
LI Yang
2005, 25 (3): 90-93.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 269KB ) ( ) 　　
　 Some criterions and proper ties were presented for a matrix to be a no nsingular H -matrix using matrix' s concepts of irreducibility , α-diagonally dominance and α-doubly diagonally dominance and the method of G -function and matrix' s directed graph.In the meantime , the matrix' seigenwert and nonsingular problem was analyzed under the condition of irreducibility and diagonally dominance .The theory of α-doubly diagonally dominance and H -matrix was improved and enriched, which provided the theory' s base for relative fields, such as in numerical analysis, matrix theory , control theory and mathematical economics .
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Application of Clustering Analysis to Stock Analysis
LI Qing -dong
2005, 25 (3): 94-96.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 213KB ) ( ) 　　
　    Now there are almost two thousand stocks in Chinese stock market .While investing stock , it' s necessary to analyze and select stocks .In order to reduce investment risk , stocks that have strong profit-gaining abilities and better financial index es should be invested .But there are many kinds of stock evaluating index es that contain different meaning s.How to synthesize various kinds of indexes becomes very important.Clustering analysis method is adopted to analyze and classify petroleum and chemical block in the stock market .As a result , clustering analysis can reflect the profit -gaining ability and development level of marketing company by synthesizing plenty of financial indexes, which provides a better base for classifying and evaluating company .
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