The Study of Synthesis and Electrochemical  Properties of Calix\[4\]arene Tert Sulfonic Acid
Liu Limei, Zhang Dailiang, Song Lipeng， Chen Ping
2014, 34 (3): 1-4. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2014.03.001
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 2765KB ) ( ) 　　
5,11,17,23tetrasulphonated25,26,27,28tetrahydroxycalix\[4\]arene was synthesized from calix\[4\] arene and concentrated sulfuric acid as raw materials, and characterized with a UVvisible spectrophotometer, thermal gravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA)；finally its electrochemical behavior was studied in the potassium dihydrogen phosphatesodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution, and the results show that there is an irreversible reduction peak at about 0.93 V in the scan potential between -1.2 ~ 0.8 V, and the reduction peak potential changed with scanning speed.
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Electrochemical Behaviors of Ferrocene Using Cyclic Voltammetry
Qiao Qingdong， Li Qi
2014, 34 (3): 5-7. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2014.03.002
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 1784KB ) ( ) 　　
The ferrocene shows definite aromatic and redox properties, which can used as a switch model substance. In alcohol solution of lithium perchlorate, the redox reaction process of ferrocene is quasi-reversible, in which the electron transfer number determined is 1, and the diffusion coefficients of ferrocene ion (Fc+) and Fc are 2.24×10-3 cm2/s and 4.34×10-3 cm2/s, i.e. the diffusion velocity of Fc+ is faster than Fc. The standard rate constant tested is 2.79 cm/s.
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A Molecular Dynamic Simulation Investigation of RDFs of Water
Wu Fangdi, Zheng Huidong, Liu Junshao, Zheng Ximing
2014, 34 (3): 8-13. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2014.03.003
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 4225KB ) ( ) 　　
Radial distribution function (RDF) of water in different conditions was studied by MD simulation with SPC/E water model. The results of RDFs between water oxygens and oxygens ( gOO( r) ) ) indicate that the nearest distance of water molecule is 0.25 nm. The first and second peaks of ( gOO( r) ) are in 0.28 nm and 0.45 nm which are the positions of first and second "water hull" respectively. The results of RDFs between water oxygens and hydrogens( gOO( r) )  indicated that the main distances of hydrogen bonds of water molecules are 0.18 nm. RDFs between water hydrogens and hydrogens( gOO( r) ) depended on the changes of hydrogen bonds of water molecules and( gOO( r) ) .
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Selection of TemperatureResponsive Copolymer Film for Different Cells
Yang Lei，Wang Zhanyong，Fan Xiaoguang
2014, 34 (3): 14-18. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2014.03.004
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 4277KB ) ( ) 　　
Temperatureresponsive culture substrates containing poly(Nisopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) have been developed as an effective substitute for enzymatic treatment to recover adherent cells, which can control cell attachment and detachment by changing temperature. However, not all PNIPAAmcontaining surfaces can be applicable to cell culture and recovery. That means adherent cells show accommodative selectivity for thermoresponsive substrates. In this study, different cells including HeLa cells, HEK293 cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and adiposederived stem cells (ADSCs) were cultured on the temperatureresponsive PNIPAAm copolymer films with different surface wettability, topography and film thickness. The experimental results demonstrate that various cells had their special thermoresponsive substrates, and the optimal copolymer films were selected for HeLa cells, HEK293 cells, BMMSCs and ADSCs respectively.
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Imidazoline Nitrogen Boric Acid Ester
Cong Yufeng, Ji Lingxian, Huang Wei, Yang Guang
2014, 34 (3): 19-21. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2014.03.005
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 2091KB ) ( ) 　　
Two kinds of imidazoline nitrogen boric acid ester ( MBN1 and MBN2 ) were synthesized The structure of the product was characterized and the analysis of the hydrolytic stability, oil solubility, heat stability and tribological properties were also tested. The results showe that the thermal stability of MBN2 is better than MBN1. Its decomposition temperature reache 280℃ ,and hydrolytic stability is more than 30 days. Additives can be dissolved in base oil well. Optimal amount of additive is 2% in base oil, and the MBN2 can reduce the steel ball surface wear apparent.
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Acetylation Reaction of the 2Methoxynaphthalene Catalysed by Phosphotungstic Acids
Shi Zhengbao， Chen Shuqing， Chen Ping
2014, 34 (3): 22-25. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2014.03.006
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 1588KB ) ( ) 　　
The catalytic properties of phosphotungstic acids for the Friede1Crafts acylation of 2methoxynaphthalene(MN) with aceticanhydride (AA) were investigated．The effect of various reaction conditions, such as reaction temperature, ratio of reactants, reaction time and catalyst dosage on conversion of 2methoxynaphthalene and the selectivity to main product were studied. The results show that 2methoxy1acetonaphthone was main priority products in the acylation reaction of 2methoxynaphthalene. The optimal reaction conditions were as follows: 0.08 g H3PW12O40 as catalyst, reaction time 3 h, reaction temperature 100 ℃, molar ratio of 2methoxynaphthalene to acetic anhydride 1∶2. Under these conditions, the conversion of 2methoxynaphthalene is 83.32%and the selectivity is up to 91.39% .
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The Extraction of Nickel and Cobalt from MultiMetal Ionic  Solution by P507 and P204
Dong Cunwu, Ye Jianming, Zhang Xia, Meng Maoyong
2014, 34 (3): 26-28. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2014.03.007
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 1128KB ) ( ) 　　
In this paper, nickel ion and cobalt ion were separated from multimetal ionic solution system using P507/P204 as extraction agent by different two separation process. The extraction process parameters were calculated according to the theory of multistage countercurrent extraction, and the extraction experiment of two different processes were carried out based on the calculated process parameters, the results show that the raw liquid was extracted with P507 at first, the nickel ion was separated from multiple metal ion raw solution and the recovery rate value was up to 99.69%, the recovery rate of cobalt was 98.19%, when the raw liquid was extracted with P204 at first, nickel and cobalt were separated from the raw liquid at simultaneously and then P507 was used to separate nickel and cobalt, by this method, the recovery rate of nickel was 98.39%, the recovery rate of cobalt was 96.59%. Therefore, high recovery rate of nickel and cobalt could be obtained when P507 as extraction agent was used to separate nickel ion from multimetal ion solution initially. 
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The Ternary Phase Diagram Analysis of Stability of Emulsifying Diesel Oil
Zhu Zhu， Zhao Dezhi， Song Guanlong， He Yanmei， Zhao Chunxiao， Li Siyang， Tian Ye
2014, 34 (3): 29-32. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2014.03.008
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 1902KB ) ( ) 　　
The ternary phase diagrams of diesel oil, water, cosurfactant and surfactant system were plotted. The effect of various parameters, such as HydrophileLipophile Balance( HLB) value, the mass ratio of cosurfactant to surfactant and other parameters, on the stability of emulsifying diesel oil, was studied by using the phase change of the ternary phase diagram. It was shown that the compound of different HLB value, weak base of additive, mass ratio of cosurfactant to surfactant had a great influence on the ternary phase diagram of emulsified diesel. The largest emulsion region of the ternary phase diagram was obtained when HLB value was 5.8 for the compound of Span 80 and Tween 60 and the mass ratio of cosurfactant to surfactant was 0.3 in alkaline environment. The experimental results show that the effect of emulsifying diesel oil was best during the minimum dosage of mixed emulsifier.
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The Analysis and Optimizing of HeatExchange  Network in Catalytic Reforming Unit
Ji Mingshan， Zhang Jian， Feng Ruijiang， Jia Renren
2014, 34 (3): 33-36. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2014.03.009
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 4033KB ) ( ) 　　
According to the prehydrogenation and predistillation of catalytic reforming unit, this article utilize the pinch technology to analyze, find the energy bottleneck, simulate and optimize the whole heat exchange network by Aspen energy analyzer, compared with original heat exchange network , energy saving 3 735 kW (23.5%). Aiming at reduce the amount of utility and raising the profit for the enterprise.
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Series Engineering Test of Wax Oil HydrotreatingHydrodewaxing Double Reactor
Cui Yufeng
2014, 34 (3): 37-40. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2014.03.010
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 1258KB ) ( ) 　　
Hydrotreatinghydrodewaxing double reactor in series process was used, lubricating base oils were produced with a refinery gas oil as raw material. The results show that the main products are lubricant fraction of high viscosity, and freezing point drops to below -10 ℃, little amount of byproduct light diesel oil, crude gasoline and liquid gas. This process demands simple process, good refining pour point depressant, high lubricating oil yield.
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Application of Novel Demulsifiers to HighParaffinicContent Crude Oil
Wan Gang， Xie Yanjiao， Wang Shaoming, Wang Ji
2014, 34 (3): 41-44. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2014.03.011
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 2159KB ) ( ) 　　
The demulsification of high paraffinic content crude oil from the South Sea were explored by 3 kinds of different molecule weight nitrogenous polyether demulsifiers (PRO7501X,X=A,B or C) with a traditional bottle test. The influences of types, concentration and molecule weight of the demulsifiers on demulsification properties were discussed in detail. Through on-site pilot and dosing point transformation, the actual dehydrated water purification ability of demulsifier PRO7501B in the scene actual was investigated. Experimental results show that PRO7501X performed higher interface activity than the field usage demulsifier under the action of 10 min. In the experimental range, the demulsification ability was closely related to the molecule weight of demulsifier. The Dehydration rate was improved with the increase of demulsifiers concentration, and tends to be stable at the demulsifiers concentration of 15 mg/L. After the onsite pilot, PRO7501B can decrease the water percent in oil of separator PV103 from the initial 11.0%~15% to 0.2%~1.0% and decrease the oil content in water phase from 30~35 mg/L to below 3 mg/L, which can basically resolve the problem of the oil film in the sea.
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An Experimental Study on Viscosity Reduction by Emulsification for Lungu Heavy Oil Recovery
Gao Yan, Huang Qiyu, Ma Guixia, Wei Min, Gu Linjie
2014, 34 (3): 45-47. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2014.03.012
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 2419KB ) ( ) 　　
Lungu heavy oil was mainly exploited by mixing light oil due to its high viscosity, however, it brings about some other problems (e.g. great demand for light oil, low cost efficiency, high expenses in transportation and processing). The simulation test of artesian flow with the appropriate emulsifier demonstrates Lungu heavy oil can be transformed into pseudo emulsion, and its viscosity decreased from 31 600 to less than 400 mPa•s, with a decreasing rate of 98.7%. The pseudo emulsion has both favorable dynamic stability and dehydrating property.
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Numerical Simulation of Bend Multiphase Flow Erosion
Li Liang， Shen Longshe， Fan Kaifeng， Sun Lei， Wang Yufu， Yang Zhong
2014, 34 (3): 48-52. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2014.03.013
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 6473KB ) ( ) 　　
Highpressure steam injection method is the major method of exploitation of heavy oil reservoir. In steam injection pipe network, the fluid in steam, liquid and solid phases scoured the bend and led to leakage. Based on the turbulence models, multiphase flow models, discrete phase models and erosion models ,and considering the mutual coupling of the different phases, the numerical simulation of the flow of the three phases in the bend flow was established. The results show that in the steam injection pipelines，as bending degree of the bent pipe increased， the distribution and wall wear area of the liquid phases and particle phases moved backwards step by step，and the value increased accordingly. Moreover, the increase of liquidphase volume fraction in the pipe wall could effectively reduce the surface corrosion of the solid phase.
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The Security Technology Research for Ultrahigh Pressure  Natural Gas Pipeline Network in Densely Populated Area
He Yang1，Jin Guanghao2，Wang Xin，Wang Youlong，Sun Lei，Li Wuhua，Li Liang，Shen Longshe
2014, 34 (3): 53-57. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2014.03.014
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 6717KB ) ( ) 　　
Aiming at the leakage and diffusion problems of the 35 MPa ultrahigh pressure gas pipeline in densely populated area, the FLUENT software in the threedimensional numerical simulation was used under different climate conditions in the deep buried gas pipeline leak case. And the axial and surface safety area of the hydrogen sulfide and methane was provided when the ultrahigh pressure gas pipeline had leaked under the conditions of different wind speeds. Because of the buoyancy, the natural gas developed in the upward form during the process of diffusion. The wind speed and pressure had different effects on the diffusion process under the different environments. The result was that as the wind speed and pressure was higher, the natural gas was spread to the farther distance. This increased the lowest explosive limit and alerted the concentration range of the natural gas. The research result could provide the effective basis to the stuffs and security management in leakage spot.
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The Fault Tree Analysis of Gathering Pipeline Network Failure
Chen Yin， Liu Baoyu， Chen Linlin， Hao Jing， Li Weiwei， Ma Hongjian
2014, 34 (3): 58-61. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2014.03.015
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 2510KB ) ( ) 　　
The direct cause of gathering pipe network failure was the failure of the pipeline and accessories equipments according to a lot of field investigation .The fault tree was established as the top event of gathering pipeline failure on the basis of the comprehensive analysis of gathering pipeline network failure factors. Considering about the 44 basic events, the descending method was used to analyze the gathering pipeline network failure fault tree, and obtained all 52 minimum cut sets in the system. And the quantitative analysis of the fault tree was carried on. The qualitative analysis was carried on the gathering pipe network and the weakest link was found out in gathering pipe network, which could maintenance the old pipeline network and provide theoretical guidance for the design of the new pipeline network.
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Estimation Study of the Efficiency of the Steam Injection System in Thermal Recovery of Heavy Oil
Liu Yuwen， Xu Hongguo
2014, 34 (3): 62-66. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2014.03.016
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 2562KB ) ( ) 　　
The steam injection exploitation, one of the most effective technologies of heavy oil development, plays an important role in heavy oil development and increasing production. The working condition of the steam injection boiler was depicted, thermal test of the boiler body was conducted and the factors which influenced the efficiency were analyzed. In addition, the analysis model of pipeline heat loss was established, and temperature test and heat loss test was carried out. What's more, each node of the steam injection system was analyzed and corresponding measures for energy saving were proposed. As a result, the efficiency of the steam injection system was improved obviously.
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The Effect of Early Corrosion on X70/X80 Steel Rust Spots in Neutral Environment
Diao Zhaojin， Wu Ming， Chen Xu， Xie Fei， Wang Dan， Shi Haitao
2014, 34 (3): 67-70. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2014.03.017
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 3374KB ) ( ) 　　
The X70 and X80 steel electrochemical specimens were soaked shortly in NS4 solution which was simulated as a typical neutral soil environment. After that, ulcerlike, loose and easilyfalling rust spots were found on them. Shallow corrosion pits occurred in larger rust spots. The electrochemical behaviors of specimens were investigated with polarization curve method and electrochemical impedance scan method. The results show that the rust spot increased corrosion trend of metals and accelerated the corrosion rate. This was due to the imperfection and separation of the early rust spots reduced the metalenvironmental polarization resistance. The roughness of the surface increased the working area of the specimens and the corrosion current.
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Simulation and Analysis of Vertical Scour Way of  Heat Pipe Exchanger Based on FLUENT
Yang Yuman， Sun Tie， Yu Enbo， Zhang Dan， Liu Hongming
2014, 34 (3): 71-74. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2014.03.018
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 3818KB ) ( ) 　　
The numerical simulation was used to study the vertical scour way of fluid in the heat pipe exchanger by using CFD software FLUENT, and the flow field parameters such as pressure drop, temperature were analyzed. The results show that fluid pressure drop in the vertical scour way was less than fluid pressure drop in the lateral scour way under the same situation. But the heat transfer effect was poorer. The fluid pressure drop was affected by tube spacing and length in the vertical scour way, and fluid pressure drop was proportional to the tube length. The vertical scour fluid heat transfer effect could be improved effectively when the longitudinal fins were added to the heat pipe, which made the temperature distribution in the flow field be more uniform.
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Feature Extraction of the Rolling Bearing Based on  TimeWavelet Power Envelope Spectrum
Zhou Weiqiang， Hou Ligang，Su Chengli
2014, 34 (3): 75-78. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2014.03.019
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 4481KB ) ( ) 　　
The traditional envelope spectrum method does not accurately extracting characteristic problems in rolling bearing fault diagnosis, so a new energy and envelope spectrum based on a combination of timewavelet energy envelope spectrum analysis was developed. The various parts of rolling collected data the two methods were analyzed and compared, and show that the proposed method was better than the traditional envelope spectrum and could accurately extract the rolling bearing fault characteristic frequency.
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The Study of Corporate Social Responsibility Incentive Institution——Based on the Corporate Theory of the New Institutional Economics
Zhang Ping， Bai Nannan
2014, 34 (3): 79-82. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2014.03.020
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 974KB ) ( ) 　　
Because of the "free rider" problem, the corporate lacked of the initiative when they had to undertake the social responsibility. Basing on the corporate theory of the new institutional economics, the reasons were analyzed. Moreover, to solve this problem, an institution to incent corporations to undertake proactively social responsibility was designed and such an institution was proved to realize the Nash equilibrium can be achieved Pareto optimality not only in a deterministic environment but also in the uncertain environment.
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