uring Analysis and Properties Research of Transparent,  Abrasion-Resistant, Anti-Fogging Organosilicone Coatings
ZHANG Ying, YAO Tong-jie, CUI Zhan-chen,YANG Bai
2008, 21 (4): 1-5.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 442KB ) ( ) 　　
             Curing reaction process of anti-fogging and abrasion-resistant organosilicone coatings was studied by the method of differential scanning calorlmetry (DSC). Meanwhile absorption peak variations of the functional groups were characterized by in situ tracing of FTIR in the curing reaction process. The dehydration rate of the associated hydroxy groups in the organosilicone colloid is very fast at the initial time, while the dehydration degree is higher at higher curing temperatures, especially at 100～130 ℃, and the curing temperature of organosilicone coating was found at 140 ℃. At last, the optimum curing reaction conditions were determined:curing temperature of 120 ℃ and curing time of 1 h. Organosilicone coatings were coated on PC, PET film and sticky PET film. The properties of anti-fogging, abrasion-resistant, transparent, adhesive and anti-cracked were good, and the film is uniform. The pencil hardness of film is 3H-4H. The contact angle is 10° or so.
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Adsorption Properties of Amine Chelating Acrylate-Based Magnetic Resin Toward Cu2+ Ions
ZHOU Li-min, LIU Zhi-rong, HUANG Qun-wu
2008, 21 (4): 6-10.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 352KB ) ( ) 　　
      Magnetic poly(acrylate methyl ester) resin (RM) was prepared by suspension polymerization using N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker. Then RM was modified with ethylenediamine to give a novel amine-chelating magnetic resin(RMA). This adsorbent was characterized by thermal analysis (DTA/TGA) and FT-IR. The adsorption behaviour of the adsorbent toward Cu²⁺ ions was investigated. The results show that the diameter of RMA is 30~60 μm and the mass fraction of Fe₃O₄ is 6.7%. The isotherm adsorption data obeyed the Langmuir model. In the aspect of maximum adsorptiom capacity, RMA displayed higher (2.13 mmol/g) for Cu²⁺ than that of RM (1.15 mmol/g). Kinetics studies indicate that the adsorption reaction followed the pseudo-second order kinetics. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the adsorption process was spontaneous, and that the value of enthalpy changes was -17.88 kJ/mol, the entropy changes was -2.06 J/(mol· K) and the Gibbs free energy was -17.26~ -17.19 kJ/mol. Regeneration of the adsorbent was achieved using 1 mol/L HCl with the desorption ratio of more than 97%.
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  Isobaric Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium for the Toluene and N-Formylmorpholine System 
 
XIONG Jie-ming, ZHANG Li-ping, GONG Liang-fa, REN Xiao-guang
2008, 21 (4): 11-14.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 233KB ) ( ) 　　
 
The process for aromatics recovering with N-formylmorpholine (NFM) by extractive distillation has been widely applied in petrochemical and coal tar industries, and the research for vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of NFM and toluene were very important in design and optimization of rectifying tower. The VLE data of above binary system was determined using an improved VLE equipment EC-2 under 101.33 kPa, which have pass the thermodynamic consistency test of Herington, and were correlated with the NRTL and UNIQUAC models, and corresponding binary interaction parameters for the two models were obtained. The VLE curves predicted by the above model parameters agree more well with the experimental data than that predicted by literature model gained from data under 60 ℃. The VLE data and model parameters obtained above are essential for the engineering design of N-formylmorpholine-aromatics distillation processes.
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Preparation Tin Dioxide Thin Films by Spray Pyrolysis Process
ZHU Jiang, WU Guang-ming, LI Chong, XING Guang-jian
2008, 21 (4): 15-17.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 438KB ) ( ) 　　
By using SnCl2·2H2O as raw material ,the pure SnO2 thin films were prepared on the glass and quartz flat substrates by spray pyrolysis process. The crystal structure and surface morphology of the thin films were characterized by using XRD and SEM. The films which were prepared at 500 ℃ are smooth and fine. At 320 ℃, the films which were prepared for 50 min show relatively strong diffraction peak. At the same spray time, the strength of diffraction peak is enhanced when the temperature is 380 ℃.
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Synthesis and Catalytic Cracking Performance of ZnAPO-11 Molecular Sieves
FENG Li-li, QI Xing-yi, ZHU Yue-lin, ZHU Li-qun
2008, 21 (4): 18-22.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 385KB ) ( ) 　　
Zinc-substituted aluminophosphate molecular sieves (ZnAPO-11) containing different zinc contents were synthesized using the gel composition n(R)/n(ZnO)/n(Al2O3)/n(P2O5)/n(H2O)=1∶ x∶y∶1.1∶80 (0.5x+y=1) by static hydrothermal method. As-synthesized ZnAPO-11 molecular sieves were characterized by XRD, SEM, N2-adsorption, MAS-NMR and ICP-AES techniques.The results show that ZnAPO-11 molecular sieves with AEL topology are prepared in the range of 0≤n(ZnO)/n(Al2O3)≤0.04. And resultant ZnAPO-11 molecular sieves are of high crystallinity and purity. A regular platelet morphology is observed for the as-synthesized ZnAPO-11 molecular sieves. Experimental data show that Zn as heteroatom is successfully incorporated into the framework of AlPO4-11 and substituted for Al. The n-hexane cracking over ZnAPO-11 was examined under different reaction conditions. It is found that ZnAPO-11 molecular sieves exhibited a significant activity for the n-hexane cracking at 475~550 ℃. Conversion level of n-hexane increased with increasing contact time, and the apparent rates increased with increasing reaction temperature.The first order was determined of the n-hexane concentration. In addition, the dependence of the rates on reaction temperature can be expressed in terms of Arrhenius formula in the whole cracking temperature range.
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 A New Algorithm for Non-Equilibrium Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Process Simulation
 
LIANG Ping,TANG Ke
2008, 21 (4): 23-25.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 188KB ) ( ) 　　
  he currently used methods for determining the thermodynamic equilibrium of the two phase mixed substances is to judge the equality of the coefficient of each component in two phases, and by this analysis each component mole fraction can be got at the equilibrium state. Introduced diffusion equation to describe various gas and liquid components from exposure to the stabilization process, established a mathematical model to describe the two-phase non-equilibrium diffusion process, meantime introduced a new algorithm to solve the mathematical model. Using this methods a real gas-liquid two-phase system was analyzed. The results compared with the experimental data proved the feasibility of the method, thus the non-equilibrium phase transition analysis of the issue provided a new analysis method.
 
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he Effects of Modification on the Surface Acidity of Zeolite and  Alkylation Activity of Thiophenic Derivative With Olefins
LIU Xing-li, LI Yong-hong, ZHAO Yu-zhi, XIA Shu-qian, YANG Chang-sheng
2008, 21 (4): 26-29.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 198KB ) ( ) 　　
Zeolite NaY and Naβ were modified by cation exchange and hydrothermal treatment to make a series of modified catalysts, including HY, USY, CeY, MgY, Hβ and USβ. The catalytic activities of the modified catalysts for the alkylation of thiophenic derivative with olefins in FCC gasoline were investigated. The surface acidity of modified zeolite had been studied by FT-IR. The results show that Y zeolite exchanged by ammonium have much more acid than β zeolite. The volume of B acid and L acid of USY increased to 868.583 μmol/g and 972.869 μmol/g , while L acid is mainly in the form of weak acid. The volumes of B acid and L acid of USβ also increase with the decreasing of strong B acid and increasing of strong L acid. The volume of total acid of MgY is slightly lower than HY, but with only 86.742 μmol/g strong B acid and only 31.335 μmol/g strong L acid. The volumes of total B acid and strong B acid of CeY are slightly lower than USY, with only 58.308 μmol/g total L acid and non of strong L acid. Through the analysis of surface acidity of zeolite and alkylation activity, it shows that the more total B acid and strong B acid (except HY), the higher conversion of sulfur compounds below 100 ℃ fraction of FCC gasoline. Strong L acid is not conducive to the alkylation. The strong B acid is the main active site of alkylation.
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Preparation and Evaluation of Cationic Natural Polymer Flocculant
QIU Hui-dong， ZHU Li-ping， LUO Guo-bing， XIONG Wei
2008, 21 (4): 30-33.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 188KB ) ( ) 　　
A cationic natural polymer flocculant has been prepared by reacting cationic reagent with the parent peanut shell．The peanut fibre epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (PNET) flocculanting property and its application was examined and the preparation conditions were studied．Through orthogonal experiment the best synthesize conditions are: mass fraction of NaOH 15%,alkali temperature 20 ℃,alkali time 1.5 h,PNET is produced at 80 ℃ for 3 h by mixing 1 g cationic reagent with 10 g peanut shell．The flocculanting properties of PNET has been studied using sludge, lives dirty water and electroplating dirty water．The dehydrate efficiency can reach 89.0％,the phosphorus and chromium removal ratios can reach 58.3％，74.0％, respectively．
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Adsorption Kinetics of Peat for Chromium(VI)
LIU Zhi-rong,ZHOU Li-min, WANG Xiao-peng
2008, 21 (4): 34-37.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 313KB ) ( ) 　　
The adsorption kinetic process for Cr（VI）on peat was studied. The results show that pH values and initial mass concentrations of Cr（VI）have great influences on adsorption of Cr（VI）. Smaller pH values with higher positive charge on the surface of peat and lower initial mass concentration of Cr(VI) were favor for higher adsorption of Cr（VI）. New L-F kinetic model can describe procedures of adsorption of Cr（VI）on peat excellently in the 10~20 mg/L of initial mass concentration of Cr(VI). Intercepts derived from new L-F kinetic equation, Co/(Co-Ce) reflects the adsorption strength of peat. The "more to one " means can deduce fitting function relation between initial concentration of Cr(VI) and adsorption constants
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Inhibition Efficiency of Compound Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steels
REN Xiao-guang, LU Zhi-gang, WANG Xin-ying, LIU Ming-tao
2008, 21 (4): 38-40.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 410KB ) ( ) 　　
By confecting simulation corrosion solution of pressuring air cooler system of Maoming Petrification and using CMB-1510B portable instantaneous corrosion rate meter, the experimental inhibition efficiency of organic corrosion inhibitor of Na2Sx and its compound was evaluated.The results show that Na2Sx and its compound are excellent corrosion inhibitor for the corrosion system of reactor effluent air coolers. After compounding with BTA, Na2Sx have attained excellent inhibition effect at little dosage. Moreover, BTA could form protective film on metal surface which prevented depolarizing substances to transfer toward metal surface, and reduced corrosion rate of metal.
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Oxidative Desulfurization in Diese1 via Microwave Irradiation Under H2O2-CH3COOH-DMF System
SHI Zhen-dong, SHANG Li-yan, ZHAO Shan-lin, LI Ping, ZHAI Yu-chun
2008, 21 (4): 41-44.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 252KB ) ( ) 　　
The sulfur - bearing organics in diesel oil was oxidized using H2O2 - CH3COOH systems via microwave irradiation，then the oxidized organic sulfur compounds (sulfones) were extracted by N,N - dimethyl formamide. Experimental results show that the removal efficiency of sulfur compounds is up to 88.2％ in the following conditions：the dosage of the oxidant is 12 times as much as that of theoretical, the volume ratio of solvent-to-oil is 0.25∶1, the pressure is 0.4 MPa, the radiant time on the constant pressure is 6 min, the microwave power is 375 W，the volume ratio of extractant-to- oil is 0.25∶1, the standing time is 10 min. Compared with other methods on oxidative desulfurization, the removal efficiency of sulfur can increase 26%～42% and the dosage of the oxidant reduce 20%~50%.
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Heat Transfer Analysis of Natural Gas Hydrate Decomposition by Depressurization
SONG Yong-chen, LIANG Hai-feng, WANG Zheng
2008, 21 (4): 45-49.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 546KB ) ( ) 　　
Natural gas hydrate，which deposits on the ocean floor or in permafrost regions in vast quantities, is a potential future energy resource. The method by depressurization is known to be adopted for large scale exploitation natural gas hydrates. The heat transfer boundary can affect overly hydrate dissociation rate. Investigated these control mechanisms, built one two-dimensional model, and analyzed the change of temperature,pressure,hydrate saturation and cumulative gas produced under the influences of different heat transfer boundary conditions. The calculation results show that natural gas hydrates exploited by depressurization need heat transferred from surroundings. The amount of gas produced at adiabatic condition is only 1/36 to that of gas produced in complete decomposition. With higher temperature at boundary, hydrate decomposes more rapidly, decomposition rate at boundary temperature 277.45 K is 2.5 times as much as that at 275.45 K, and gas generated rate is greater, but the magnitude of heat makes a minor effect on cumulative gas produced.
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Quantity Risk Analysis of Gas Dispersion for Chemical Facility
MENG Yi-fei, JIANG Jun-cheng
2008, 21 (4): 50-54.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 473KB ) ( ) 　　
The leakage and dispersion risk of certain chemical facility was always difficult to evaluate quantitatively because of the existing of many uncertain parameters in evaluation models. For this reason, taking weather data of Nanjing and some other cities as data sources, STATISTICA 6.0 was used to study the distribution of wind speed, humidity, air temperature and cloud cover rate, etc. And their respective distribution functions were proposed. The distributions of leakage orifice area and leakage orifice direction were also analyzed and reasonable distribution functions were gotten. As a widely used software package for leakage and dispersion, HGSYSTEM was chosen to unite Monte-Carlo method to form a quantity risk analysis method for chemical facilities. An accessory pipe (20 cm) of a propane tank (normal temperature, high pressure) was taken as a demo, and the influencing distances of two cloud blocks, with the concentration of 2.1%(lower explosion limit) and 0.015 3%(Russia MAC), were calculated for different cumulative probability, among which, when the cumulative probability is 95%, the two distances are respectively 69.7 m and 2 764 m.
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Experimental on Friction Factor of End Face Mechanical Seals for Pumps
WEI Long， GU Bo-qin， SUN Jian-jun， FENG Xiu
2008, 21 (4): 55-58.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 507KB ) ( ) 　　
The friction of the seal faces was the most important phenomenon in working process of mechanical seals for pumps. The friction factor was a key parameter for expressing the friction state of the seal faces. The relationship between friction factor and friction state of the end faces of mechanical seals was discussed from a microscopic point of view. On the self-designed computer aided testing device of the mechanical seal system, the friction factor of GY70 mechanical seal used for pumps was tested. The test results indicate that the bigger the spring pressure, the bigger the friction factor. When the spring pressure is less, the bigger [KG*4]the rotational speed, [KG*4]the [KG*4]bigger the friction factor. [KG*4]But [KG*4]when the spring pressure [KG*4]reaches about 0.086 6 MPa, the friction factor is not almost influenced by the rotational speed. When the rotational speed and spring pressure are less, the medium pressure has a less influence on the friction factor. When the rotational speed or spring pressure is bigger, the bigger the medium pressure, the less the friction factor.
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Experimental on Corrosion Characteristic of 20# Pipeline Steel in Soil Along Yangtze River in Nanjing
WANG Wen－he, SHEN Shi－ming, YU Xiao－chun
2008, 21 (4): 59-63.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 579KB ) ( ) 　　
Corrosion law and mechanism of 20# low-carbon steel in near-neutral in soil were studied by experiments of buried specimens in laboratory. In three kinds of soils, the corrosion features and products were analyzed by EDS and XRD, and the relation of corrosion rates, open-circuit potential and polarization curve with times were tested. The results indicate that corrosion rates changed incessantly along. On the condition of the same times, specimens and different soil samples, the corrosive degree of 1# and 2# specimens are serious, but 3# specimen is serious lightly. The corrosion products are main non-crystalloid, Fe（OH）3 and Fe2O3.The change rules of different times and soils are different, and are accordant with that of corrosion rates. The corrosion mechanism is discussed in near-neutral soils lastly.
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Integral Solution of Convection Heat Transfer of Fluids Laminar Forced  Flow Over an Isothermal Plate in Porous Medium
LI Ju-xiang， TU Shan-dong
2008, 21 (4): 64-67.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 232KB ) ( ) 　　
The Brinkman-Forchheime-extended Darcy model and the theory of equilibrium between fluid and porous medium were used to establish the mass conservation equation, momentum conservation equations and energy conservation equation of the two-dimensional laminar flow over an isothermal plate in porous medium. The equations were simplified by analyzing the order of magnitude of each item. The formulas of the velocity distribution and temperature distribution in the boundary layer, and surface viscous friction coefficient, convection heat transfer coefficient have been obtained by use of the integration method. It is shown that the boundary layer thickness in the porous medium increases very quickly at the beginning of the plate and reaches a steady thickness very soon, which is different obviously from that of a plain plate. But the thermal boundary layer thickness increases continuously along the flow direction and is similar to the situation of a plain plate.
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Numerical Simulation on the Surface-Contact Problem of
CHEN Jia-qing, JIAO Xiang-dong, QIU Zong-yi, ZHANG Bao-sheng, CHEN Zhong-hai
2008, 21 (4): 68-72.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 498KB ) ( ) 　　
aking the surface-contact model between rigid flat punch and elastic half-space as the research subject, and through comparing the results of analytical solution and numerical simulation by the finite element method (FEM) software MSC.Marc, it is determined that the non-uniform meshing method and the third grade FEM calculation are reliable as to the surface-contact problem with definite contact area. For the most fundamental surface-contact problem involved with friction hydro pillar processing in friction stitch welding, the normal stress on the contact surface increases quadratically from center to the marginal side. The diameter of the metal stud and the applied external load has more influence to the distribution of normal stress on the contact surface, while the influence of radial clearance, the material combination between the metal stud and the predrilled hole are relatively small.
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Delay Time Correlation of Velocity Fluctuation Signal in the Kenics Static Mixer
YU Yan-fang, MENG Hui-bo, WU Jian-hua
2008, 21 (4): 73-77.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 551KB ) ( ) 　　
The time series of instantaneous velocity in the Kenics static mixer, 0.04 m in diameter and 1.25 in aspect ratio, were conducted with laser Doppler particle analyzer. The signal of velocity fluctuation were decomposed into signals of different frequency band including 0~12.5, 12.5~25.0, 25.0~37.5, 37.5~50.0, 50.0~62.5, 62.5~75 Hz and more than 75 Hz based on Fourier transform. The linear and nonlinear correlation characteristics of signal of different frequency band were evaluated with auto-correlation function and mutual information function, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the signals of more than 62.5 Hz in frequency have no linear correlation, and there are no nonlinear and linear correlation for the time series signal which is over 75 Hz in frequency.
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Optimizing Design for Complicated Heat-Exchange Networks in Chemical Industry
GE Yu-lin1,2, SHEN Sheng-qiang1, JI Xin-sheng1, LIU Xiao-hua1
2008, 21 (4): 78-83.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 1136KB ) ( ) 　　
The energy consumption of a complicated heat-exchange network in chemical industry was studied with pinch point technology and the technology of flow simulations. A new design was provided which reclaims the greatest remained energy. It was found that some special loops in heat-exchange network have some new characteristics which have not been mentioned in former dissertations, while optimizing the new designed network through disconnecting the loops in the network. It was not appropriate for disconnecting these special loops to use the general method. For the problem, proposes an advanced solution method and examines the solution with the help of flow simulations technology. The results show that adjusting interrelated parameters solves some probably problems of new network run process. Using the technology of flow simulations can more apply the pinch point technology in heat-exchange network design.
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Outlier Detection of High Dimensional Chemical Engineering Process Data Based on Self-Organizing Map
YAN Xue-feng， TU Xiao-zhi， QIAN Feng
2008, 21 (4): 84-86.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 351KB ) ( ) 　　
For the high dimensional chemical engineering processing data, an outlier detection method based on self-organizing map (SOM)networks and its visualization methods was proposed. Practically, it was applied for the observed data of preflash tower and the satisfactory result was obtained. Firstly, SOM was applied to obtain the topology-preserving plane for the high dimensional data. Then, based on the mapping plane and its visualization methods, the outliers were visualized clearly and easily. The results show that the proposed method does not need complex calculation, and the outliers in high dimensional data are effectively detected and eliminated.
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Fast Algorithm for Computing Analysis Window of Real  Discrete Gabor Transforms Based on DCT 
XU Qin, TAO Liang
2008, 21 (4): 87-90.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 227KB ) ( ) 　　
A fast algorithm for computing analysis window of real discrete Gabor transforms based on DCT in order to realize real discrete Gabor transforms efficiently was introduced. The original biorthogonal condition expression of computing analysis window functions was predigested by using the orthogonality of discrete cosine functions, and then divided the original equations set into a set of independent subsystems. Thus this algorithm can save a considerable computation. Some numerical experiments were given to demonstrate the efficiency and advantages of the proposed algorithm. It decreases the computational time compared to the original algorithm. 
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Research on Diversity of Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on Dynamic Weight
ZHU Pei-yi, ZHANG Yu-lin
2008, 21 (4): 91-94.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 324KB ) ( ) 　　
Stocks diversity is the precondition for ensuring the convergence of PSO algorithm. The definition of stocks diversity is clear and the operand is small, moreover which was analyzed by particle evolution degree and aggregation degree. A changed algorithm was proposed based on adjusting weight adaptively. The algorithm ensures population diversity and avoids premature convergence effectively. Simulation results indicate that this algorithm not only speeds up the population the evolution speed, but also strengthens the algorithm the overall situation astringency, and convergence of probability also increases from 15% to 100%.
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Design and Simulation of Support Vector Machines Generalized Observer
PENG Hong-xing, CHEN Xiang-guang, WANG Hong-qi
2008, 21 (4): 95-98.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 271KB ) ( ) 　　
Support vector machines generalized observer (SGO) was proposed and its design was introduced. The observer employs support vector machines (SVM) regression algorithm for fitting the nonlinearity among process variables. It was derived by process inputs and outputs except for the output to be monitored and can be used for process fault detection and fault tolerance control. multi-variables chemical process simulation results show that SVM overcomes some disadvantages of artificial neural network (ANN), such as over fitting, local minimization and difficulties in structure selection. SGO has a quite precise output in application.
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