The furfural extracted oil was obtained through furfural extraction processing of coking gas oil from Qingdao Petrochemical Company. Due to its high aromatics content, it can be used to produce asphalt rejuvenator. The rejuvenators was prepared by blending extracted oil with AH90 asphalt, and the performance of the rejuvenated asphalt was evaluated. It was found that five types of rejuvenators(RA5, RA25, RA75, RA250 and RA500) can be produced via adding AH90 asphalt into extracted oil using the mass percentages of 90%, 70%, 50%, 86.8% and 60.7% respectively, which all met the requirements of NB/SH/T 0819—2010 specification. After mixing the five rejuvenators with aged asphalt using different ratios, the rejuvenated asphalts showed the similar properties with the AH70 asphalt. And it indicated that the prepared rejuvenators in this study can satisfy the technique requirements of the products.
Adsorption and diffusion behavior of aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, pxylene and cumene) on Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) catalysts and multisites of components REUSY zeolite have been systematically investigated by N2 adsorption, Intelligent Gravimetric Analyser (IGA) and Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) technology. Only one adsorption model for aromatic hydrocarbons in FCC catalysts and REUSY zeolite was observed in TG/DTG profiles, speculating that the adsorption mode was π electron interactions between aromatic and adsorbent. The controlling steps for the overall mass transfer process in the FCC catalyst particles are the diffusion process in the length scale of macropore of the matrix or/and the mass transfer at the zeolitematrix interface rather than the intracrystalline diffusion one in the micropores of the zeolite crystals.
The Lithiumbased sorbents for high temperature CO2 capture were prepared through solidstate reaction method and precipitation method, which were characterized by Xray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electronic microscopy(SEM). The CO2 absorption performance was evaluated by the chemical BET absorption(CHEMBET) method and the impact factors (including synthetic method, calcination temperature, molar ratio of Li to Si and different silica sources) were studied. The results indicated that the particle size of the adsorbents synthesized by the precipitation method distributed more homogeneous than that of the adsorbents synthesized by the solidstate reaction method at 750 ℃. Meanwhile, BET surface area of former was larger than that of latter. After six times CO2 (carbon dioxide to helium in a volume ratio of 1∶5) recycles, adsorption capacity of precipitationmethod adsorbents using SiO2II reduced to 9.92% from 13.38%, and desorption amount decreased from 11.74% to 8.52%. However, the amounts of adsorption and desorption of precipitationmethod adsorbents using SiO2I were reduced by 2.61% and 2.39%, those of solidstatemethod adsorbents reduced by 1.85% and 1.42%.
The accelerated oxidation reaction was carried out on an oxidation simulator in order to study the oxidative stability of methyl linoleate. The properties of oxidative oil, such as peroxide value, acid value and kinematic viscosity(40 ℃), were analyzed at intervals of 1 hour. The rate of test sample oxidation was explored under the condition of different temperature and oxygen flow rate. And the oxidation process of methyl linoleate was further characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultravioletvisible light detector. In addition, the induction period of methyl linoleate was determined by the Rancimat method. The oxidation of oil sample was further studied through determining the reaction activation energy. The results showed that the oxidation stability was well at different oxygen flow rate, but obviously decreases with the increase of temperature. Otherwise, it was consequently demonstrated that the induction period decreased with the increase of temperature, and the activation energy obtained from Arrhenius equation was 36.003 kJ/mol.
The oily sludge of tank was treated by chemical agent in this paper, and eight chemicals (dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium, sodium dodecyl sulfate, composite anionic surfactant, sodium metasilicate, sodium carbonate, polyaluminium chloride, aluminum sulfate and polyacrylamide) were screened out. The results showed that the oil removal rate of dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium and sodium dodecyl sulfate (surface active agent) was 68.8% and 63.5%, respectively; the oil removal rate of sodium carbonate (dispersing agent) was 75.9%; the oil removal rate of polyaluminium chloride and polyacrylamide flocculating agent was similar. According to experimental results, the mixing experiment was carried out with the five chemicals. The experimental results indicated that the oil removal rate reached 97.3%, when the complex agent was used with volume rate of dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium（4 g/L）, sodium carbonate（1 g/L） and polyacrylamide（30 mg/L） of 1∶2∶1.
According to the Karamay crude oil emulsion prepared in the laboratory, high efficient silicone modified polyether demulsifier suitable for low temperature application was developed. The appropriate reaction conditions were determined through the single factor experiment as follows: the adding amount of hydrogen silicone oil was 1% of polyether mass, the amount of catalyst was 0.4%, the temperature of condensation reaction was 80 ℃, the time of reaction was 2 h. Infrared spectroscopy was used to compare the characteristic peaks of modified demulsifier groups, analysize changes of demulsifier structure and verify the target product. The dehydration effect on the tertiary oil recovery of Karamay, aging oil of Liaohe Oilfield and crude oil of Liaohe Shuguang and Daqing was studied. The dehydration rate of Karamay tertiary oil recovery was up to 87.5%, and twophase separation of tertiary oil recovery was obvious and clear. Conductance rate of dehydrated water was 4 960μs/cm and 7 010 μs/cm when unmodified demulsifier and silicone modified demulsifier were used. The dewatering effect of silicone modified demulsifier was better than the demulsifier used in site.
Preparation of ZnO nanorod arrays by hydrothermal method has been studied. It has been revealed that the high concentration of precursors and the seed layer can facilitate the growth and the vertical and uniform nanorod array can be obtained. The relationship of growth time and the nanorod length was further investigated.The length of the ZnO NRs has no obvious increase without changing of fresh precursors even the growth time was extended. While the length of the ZnO NRs increased linearly with time when the fresh precursors was changed every 2.5 h.
The synergism flame retardant effect of expandable graphite(EG) and intumescent flame retardant(IFR) on road asphalt was investigated by limiting oxygen index(LOI) and the flame retardant mechanism was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results revealed synergism of EG and IFR has a good flame retardant effect which greatly improved LOIs and enhanced thermal stability by forming inflation homogenous porous carbon layer after combustion. It was confirmed by SEM that flame retardant synergism mechanism of EG and IFR on road asphalt lied in the carbon condensed phase which promoted formation of carbon layer and increased surface expansion rate of asphalt.
The desulfurization from model and real gasoline by selective adsorption using Cu2(4,4′bipy)2(O3SCH2CH2SO3) was investigated at ambient temperature and pressure. The effect of adsorption time, adsorbent amount and the concentration of 1octene on the adsorption desulfurization performance was studied. The results showed that adsorption rate of model gasoline using Cu2(4,4′bipy)2(O3SCH2CH2SO3) reached 75.6% when the mole ratio of Cu to S was 2, the mass fraction of 1octene in model gasoline was 30% and adsorption time was 120 min. Sulfur content in real hydrotreated gasoline would decrease from 40 μg/g to 8 μg/g after adsorption by Cu2(4,4′bipy)2(O3SCH2CH2SO3), and there was no obvious changes in adsorption performance after recycling 6 times.
Spontaneous imbibition experiments of tight sandstone were carried out through NMR technology, imbibition characteristics of waterwet tight core with neutral core were compared, and the influences caused by sodium dodecyl sulfate with different concentrations towards neutralwet tight sandstone imbibition were analyzed. The results show that recovery efficiency of waterwet tight core is above 60%, neutralwet core is above 35%, and the imbibition is an effective way for the development of tight oil reservoir. It is also found that SDS can disperse oil in core, promote the oil flow fast in core, increase the speed of tight sandstone imbibition, which is effective for both neutralwet tight sandstone and waterwet tight sandstone. Sodium dodecyl sulfate can also increase oil phase recovery in middle and small pores, especially in small pores of neutralwet core, and improve the spontaneous imbibition experiments recovery. Under the experimental conditions, 0.05% sodium dodecyl sulfate is the most effective for waterwet core.
The airfoam flooding technology has been applied well in middlehigh permeability reservoirs, however, it is less applied in low permeability reservoirs. The airfoam flooding mechanism and injection mode of low permeability reservoirs were studied throw literature research and the feasibility of airfoam flooding in low permeability reservoir was proceeded by indoor simulation experiment and field test. The results showed that when the residual oil saturation was lower than 20% in the high permeability layer, the foam fluid system can play a very good role and block the high permeability layer. A large number of crude oil in the low permeability layers was displaced during the airfoam flooding stage and the oil displacement efficiency rised from 8.33% to 50.55%. The water content of the field test well group decreased from 98% to 54%, the daily fluid production rate dropped from 3.5 m3 to 1 m3, and the daily oil production increased from 0.07 m3 to 0.46 m3. The airfoam flooding technology has tremendous potential in the development of low permeability reservoirs and has a certain reference function of stabilizing oil output and controlling water content for the similar reservoirs.
In order to study the contribution of each component in the flooding, the composite system concluding sulfonate gemini surfactant TADS10, polymer with a molecular weight of 15 million and Na2CO3 was used to conducte flooding experiments on a lithography glass model. According to oil displacement effect of composite system, the impact of the interfacial tension, polymers, alkali and organic pure on oil displacement was analyzed. The results showed that ultralow interfacial tension was generated by TADS10 and petroleum sulfonate complex which raised chemical flooding oil recovery by 2.6%. After adding the polymer binary system, chemical flooding recovery was increased by nearly 10% compared with a single system, and total recovery was increased by 12.13%. Chemical flooding recovery was increased by 2.73% when weak base ternary was added compared with binary system. The chemical flooding oil recovery was enhanced by 1.23% after adding 0.02% alcoholin the ternary system, and total recovery was increased by 1.31%.
Actual reservoirs numerical simulation was conducted with streamtube method aiming at the point that threshold pressure gradient existed in lowpermeability reservoirs. One injection well and one production well conceptual model was established, the streamtube fluid layout was drawn, the method of analyzing water flooding dynamic analysis was elaborated, comparison between the water saturation field of the conceptual model was made, and its validity was proved. Numerical simulation research of normal block X6 and lowpermeability of threshold pressure gradient block C55 were made, also the validity of streamtube method applied on actual blocks were proved. The research show that numerical simulation research with streamtube method could accurately evaluate produced degree and reflect remaining oils distribution when it was applied on both normal and lowpermeability reservoirs, and it could also accurately describe the feature that lowpermeability reservoirs hardly get effective producing degree for its threshold pressure gradient.
The damage mechanism of water locking damage, filtrate damage and solid particle invasion damage on low permeability seam cave type reservoir layer was studied. The results showed that the solid particle invasion damage was the main damage mode in low permeability fracture cave type reservoir. Hereby, two kinds of granular temporary plugging agent formula with and without penetrating agent were designed. The results show that, in drilling fluid plugging plug experiment, the permeability plugging rate value was increased by 9% and the permeability recovery value is increased by 9.8% when 1% penetrant was added to the compound temporary plugging agent composed with 0.25%KPA, 4.8% bentonite, 0.87%KCl, 1% fiber plugging agent and 2.7% compound temporary plugging agent. In the anti resolve plugging experiment, the permeability recovery value was also increased, and the maximum reached 12%. It shows that the formula can effectively improve reservoir permeability, avoid the shielding ring blockage, and play the role of protecting reservoir.
In order to further study the effect of mobility control on low permeability layers of heterogeneous reservoir, a numerical simulation model for polymer flooding is established which based on the data of indoor core simulation experiment. This model is used for simulating heterogeneous reservoir with 1 000×10-3μm2, 300×10-3μm2 and 50×10-3μm2 of the effective permeability respectively. Three kinds of polymer solutions which have different concentrations are injected into core, by changing the way of injection to achieve mobility control. The effect of polymer slug size and sequence on oil displacement is analyzed. The results show that under the same conditions of polymer solution number, slugsinjection schemes achieve better effect with polymer concentration ratio of 2∶3∶4.The effect of slugs size on high permeability layers is little, while the effect on low permeability layers is obvious. So it can be indicated that measure of mobility control is an effective action to enhance oil recovery.
Based on the corrosion status of water injection pipeline in A block of Changqing oilfield, contact corrosion between injected water and pipeline is simulated in laboratory. The weightloss method is used to study on the corrosion rate of oilfield water injection pipeline under different experimental factors (current speed, temperature and pressure). Taking the corrosion rate of oilfield water injection pipeline as the reference sequence, and the various influence factors as the comparison sequence, the Grey Relation Analysis method is adopted to get the correlation coefficient of various influence factors. Then, the correlation degree can be calculated. According to the size value of the calculation, the correlation degree can be sorted. Combined with the experimental results and the theoretical calculation, the main influence factors of water injection pipeline corrosion rate in A block are determined. This provides a reference for the same kind of oilfield block on water injection pipeline corrosion control.
The security condition of oil storage tank can be assessed without opening pot by acoustic emission technology, and acoustic emission signal recognition is the basis of analysis of the corrosion status for oil storage tanks. Against deficiencies of the analysis method by parameters, a new acoustic emission signal recognition method was proposed based on wavelet transform and RBF neural networks. Acoustic emission signal was decomposed to 6 layer by db2 wavelet, and feature vector from acoustic emission signal was composed of the space energy based on 6 layer detail feature. RBF neural network was designed combining the characteristics of acoustic emission signal. The RBF network was trained by using of the acoustic emission signal which pattern has been known.Corrosion, crack and condensation acoustic emission signal were studied by RBF neural network, respectively.The results showed that the recognition rate of RBF neural network reached 93.3%, and the RBF network displayed superiority in identification of the acoustic emission signal, which had a certain significance for quantitative analysis on oil storage tank safety situation.
Based on the computational fluid dynamics theory, the physical mixing modeling of highdensity polyethylene (HDPE) and polystyrene (PS) in a internal batch mixer was established. By using Fluent software, the process of the mixed polymer in the mixer with double rotor was studied. The results showed thatthe mixing efficiency and asymmetry of the flow field were improved when the twinrotor mixer rotated in higher speed. After a period of time, the single polymer volume fraction at each position reached steady in the extruder.
Diamondlike carbon (DLC) films have good properties, such as high hardness, low friction coefficient, high stability, and so on, which make it the ideal material for copper corrosionresistance. But, the coherence between film and copper substrate was bad. Thus, we make TixCy intermediate layer to resolve this problem. DLC films were successfully grown on copper substrate by changing C target power of intermediate layer ,combining magnetosputtering physical vapor deposition with chemical vapor deposition. Ranman spectroscopy result indicated that the films show an amorphous structure and typical characteristics of DLC films. The coherence between film and copper substrate was analyzed by Indentation method, which indicate the tight coherence. Finally, the influence of DLC film corrosionresistance by changing C target power was analyzed by electrochemical experiments.
