TiO2MCM41mesoporous molecular sieve（n(Si)/n(Ti)=5）was synthesized by heating reflux method, using titanium tetrabutoxide as the Ti source,MCM41 as the carrier. The samples were investigated by means of XRD,FTIR and N2 adsorption/desorption. The static and dynamic desulfurization experiment was carried out using fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) fuel oils. Properties of selective adsorptive desulfurization of FCC gasoline on the adsorbents have been investigated in this paper by a fixedbed adsorption experiment and a GCSCD technique. It was indicated thatthe titania homodisperses in the modified MCM41,titania connected with the pendant OH groups of MCM41 via Si—O—Ti bonds. After the load of TiO2,the properties of adsorptive desulfurization on the adsorbents weresignificantly improved. The removal selectivities of the sulfur compounds in the gasoline changed slightly before and after the load of TiO2,while the poor removal selectivities of benzothiophene, 2/3methylthiophene, 2,3dimethylthiophene,2,4dimethylthiophene and 2, 5dimethylthiophene on MCM41 and TiO2MCM41 were the same.
2methylidenebutanedioyl dichloride(Itaconyl chloride) was synthesized using itaconic acid and phosphorus pentachloride as raw materials by melting method. The effect of raw material ratio, reaction time, temperature and other process conditions on yield of product was examined. The structure of the product was characterized by IR and 1HNMR .The experiments showed that, when the itaconyl chloride and phosphorus pentachloride molar ratio was 1∶2.2, reaction temperature was 110 ℃ and reaction time was 2 h, the yield of 2methylidenebutanedioyl dichloride can reach 86% and its purity was more than 94%.
The synergy effect of microwave/peroxide degradation to the methyl red in water was investigated. The initial concentration of substate, pH, the amount of hydrogen peroxide, reaction time, and temperature were examined respectively, and a mathematical model was established in order to study the degradation of methyl red. The results showed that the degradation was enhanced under alkaline conditions and a longer reaction time. If low residual concentration was demanded with high initial concentration, a high value Z, the oxidation severity was required. The degradation of methyl red is a first order reaction, of which the reaction rate constant is 0.172 4 min-1 and the activation energy is 126.6 kJ/mol. The degradation rate can be as high as 78% in following conditions: initial mass concentration 130 mg/L, volume fraction of hydrogen peroxide 1.6%, reaction at 473 K for 12 min, pH=10.
A purely hydrophobically associating hydrogels were synthesized by the free radical copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) and dimethyldodecyl(2acrylamidoethyl)ammonium bromide (AMQC12) in water (named AQgels). Tensile and compressive results showed that AQgels exhibited excellent mechanical properties. The tensile and compressive strengths were increased with the increment of monomer concentration and hydrophobe content. The tensile and compressive strengths of AQ2.520 were about 250 kPa and 14 MPa, respectively. It should be noted that AQgels possessed both high strength and high toughness, which was validated by the tensile breaking elongation of 1 850% and compressive breaking elongation of 94%. Furthermore, AQgels had excellent elastic recoverability because the shapes and mechanical properties recovered instantaneously when the added force disappeared.
5(acridin9yl)pentanoic acid was prepared using Nphenylaniline and adipic acid as raw materials by cyclization reaction. Lewis acid and Bronsted acid were chosen as catalysts under the condition of solventfree. The effect of sort of catalysts, reaction time, reaction temperature, the amount of catalysts and the mole ratio of reactants on the yields of final products were investigated. The results showed that the yeild of 5(acridin9yl) pentanoic acid can reach 82.6% under the following experimental conditions:HF with high catalytic activity, the reaction time 6 h, the reaction temperature 60 ℃, 3 times molar ratio of the amount of catalyst to substrate, molar ratio of Nphenylaniline to adipic 1∶3. NMR, MS and elemental analysis were used to characterize the product of 5(acridin9yl) pentanoic acid. The temperature of reaction with HF catalyst was low. The product can be easily seperated and purified with high purity.
The horizontal well productivity prediction method was analyzed in theory. However, the existing mathematical model and evaluation method does not consider the influence of startup pressure gradient and the pressuresensitive effect on fracturing horizontal well productivity, which is not reasonable in low permeability reservoirs. A method considering the effect of startup pressure gradient and the pressure sensitive was provided in this paper. The results showed that the larger the startup pressure gradient, the greater impact on the fracturing of the horizontal well productivity. Therefore, when the fracturing horizontal well productivity model was established in low permeability reservoir, the parameters of startup pressure gradient must be considered. The larger integrated compression coefficient, the greater impact on fracturing horizontal well productivity. The greater the pressure drop, the influence on coefficient of the comprehensive capacity is larger. Therefore, when the elastic reservoir was exploited, a feasibility of optimization design of production pressure were needed. The best crack number was 4~5, and crack length was about 120 m.
Two kinds of new high temperature detergent were synthesized, and the scale of sample dissolution experiment under the condition of the well was done to determine the best ratio of compound. Then performance of the descaling fluid was evaluated. The results showed that the detergent has good corrosion for three kinds of scale at high temperature. At the same time, the study found that the core permeability had been significantly improved when the detergent was used together with acid.
Leng X block，the development stage by inject water,has a large area of development after 2006. Area of oil has together 3.5 km2,geological reserves have 3.19×106 tons. The physical properties of reservoir are poor and the average permeability is 15×10-3μm2,it is a typical of low permeability reservoir. The reservoir have difficulty in water injection, poor well conditions and low production.“Gas injection” is the most efficient recovery method of low permeability reservoir .In accordance with the geological features of Leng X block, by using multicomponent model of software, threedimensional geological model was established, production history was matched and performance was predicted .The oil recovery of reservoir can be improved by gas injection.
For the poor stability of general foams, NanoSiO2 was added into surfactant solution to increase the stability of foams. The surface tension and surface dilatational properties of the compounded system were measured by Tracker Interfacial Rheometer. The distribution of remaining oil and its oil displacement mechanism at each method of displacement were analyzed by microscopic model. The effect of oil recovery with two different foam systems was also studied by core experiments. It was proved that the increase of surface dilatational modules was the main reason for foam stability which can increase the sweep area and extrusion for oil on the channel wall. The core flooding results showed that both the oil recovery and the pressure drop increased with the SiO2/SDS foam system.
Through analyzing the fracture of gas shale in America, the fractured gas wells with highproductivity are these with good fracability, not the ones with complex fracturing process or high breakdown pressure. Using the useful fracturing experience of the typical shale gas reservoir in Amecica for reference, this paper tried to explore the fracability evaluation system of gas shale in China from three orientationsgeological evaluation index, volume fracture evaluation index for gas shale, engineering technology evaluation index. Through evaluating the geological characteristics of shale gas reservoir, the geological indexs like the total geological reserves, the geological “sweet spot”, and the maturity can be comfirmed; the volumn fracture indexs like the rock brittleness parameters of the reservoir, the natural fractures, the dig angle, the crustal stress can be get to evaluate the feasibility of volumn fracture; the engineering indexs like the way of fracturing stimulation, the casing perforation type, the behavior of fracturing fluid can be optimized. This paper optimizes the dominant factors that can affect the reservoir’s fracability and chooses the indexs that can reflect the geological mechanical fracability most directly to establish one key index system of fracability evaluation of gas shale reservoir on the base of the domestic complex geological condition and engineering condition. The index system can provide reference index for establishing the model of gas shale fracability and forming the hazardcontrol methods.
The formation pollution caused by drilling,fracturing and other reasons during the process of oil field development, also the fomation fouling,waxing, which make the fomation block. Vibration caused by vibrational wave is an innocuous method to remove the fomation block. Through four wells experimental data show that the effect of Vibration Recovery Device is excellent, yet there is still room for improvement. The capability of the product in safety,environmental performance,process performance and economy is superior.Therefore it is worth popularizing and application.
Application of numerical simulation software, consulting updip regional characteristics to bulid a typical geological model, use the method of seepage resistance to fracture well P1 in updip pinchout area. By comparing the development effect of fracturing well and the whole well group, determines fracturing technology in solving the updip pinchout area lacking for liquid has significant effect. On this basis, optimizes the angle between the fracture and the mainstream line and fracture half length, found that vertical cracks from the mainstream line, fracture half length of 85 meters, the development of fracturing effect is best.
The binary system properties including interfacial tension, foam properties and oil displacement effect of nonionic Gemini surfactant and polymer were studied using interfacial tensiometer, foam scanner and foam flooding equipment. The results showed that the binary system had the ultralow surface tension with Daqing crude oil. The surface tension of binary system was increased with rising concentration of nonionic Gemini surfactant and polymer. The foam index of binary system had a maximum when concentration of nonionic Gemini surfactant and polymer was increased. The binary foam composite flooding recovery was increased with rising concentration of nonionic Gemini surfactant and polymer. As gas liquid ratio was improved, the binary foam composite flooding recovery first increased, and then decreased. When the gas liquid ratio was 1∶1, the oil displacement effect was best. The phenomenon of gas breakthrough occurred easily when the gas liquid ratio was bigger, and then the oil recovery effect declined. The higher the pressure was, the worst the foam flooding recovery effect was.
According to the characteristics of physical reservoir properties of the Shuanghe Ⅶ13layer series, such as high formation temperature(96.5 ℃) and low permeability, heatresistant polymer with molecular weight of 2 200×104 which was produced by Henan oilfield was selected to study characterization of polymer and oil displacement efficiency. The degree of hydrolysis，solution viscosity and first normal stress difference were measured at 95 ℃. And core flooding experiments were conducted to evaluate whether heatresistant polymer had good application. The results showed that the hydrolytic degree of heatresistant polymer was increased faster at the early aging, while the growth rate was slowed when the hydrolytic degree reached a certain level and kept the longterm stability in 60 days. The solution viscosity experienced three process in 90 days: first decreased then increased, finally decreased slowly. The viscosity retention ratio was maintained above 80% and the higher the concentration of solution, the better retention ratio. The first normal stress difference also experienced the same process as solution viscosity and retention ratio was maintained above 49%.It illustrated this polymer had good elastic retention ability. The oil displacement experiment showed that the oil flooding efficency was above 24% when injection concentration was 2 000 mg/L and the slug size was 0.5 PV.
A viscoelastic surfactant which contained a long chain alkyl quaternary ammonium compound with a kind of alkyl sulfosalt as the thickening agent of clean fracturing fluid was selected. Then this surface active agent was used as main agent, clay stabilizer and others additives were added. The formulation of new clean fracturing fluid was obtained through single factor analysis and orthogonal test method. The temperature resistance, shear resistance, sandsuspend, gel breaking and viscoelastic performance were analyzed in the laboratory. The results showed that the clean fracturing fluid system had good temperature stability, strong shear resistance, good sandsuspend performance, and the residue and viscosity of the system after gel breaking were at a low level, which can be easy prepared.
The foaming ability, viscosity, stability and microstructure of the weak gelSD foamer composite systems were studied by rheology, cylinder measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microscopy. The results demonstrated that the properties of weak gelSD foamer composite systems was improved obviously compared to the single flooding technology. When halflife period of the compounded system became longer, and the viscosity of foam increased, the foam stabilitywas enhanced. In the weak gelfoam composite system, an adsorption film of weak gel on the foam was formed easily, which meant that the foam was wrapped in the inside. The interfacial viscosity between gaseous and liquid phases was enhanced, preventing the foams to coalescence and breakup. Therefore, the viscosity and stability of foam were reinforced and the halflife period became longer.
The three separation methods (centrifugation, filtration and suction microfiltration) for measuring the asphaltenes content in crude oil were compared in this work. The suction microfiltration method was found having significant advantages in operationsafety, separationefficiency and repeatability in measured values. In order to find the difference among these three methods, the residual particles in the supernatant or filtrate was measured using a laser particle analyzer. The results show that, the filtration method will result in more loss of asphaltenes particles than other methods. Several factors has been optimized for the suction method such as the blending time (30 min), the ratio of precipitant to oil (40 mL/g), and the sampling mass (1.0 g). Compare with the standard SY/T 7550—2004, the optimized measurement conditions in this study are reasonable and the test accuracy is acceptable.
Optimization study on energy utilization of threephase flow in circular gathering pipeline network establish physical model of circular gathering pipeline network and temperature drop model of threephase flow in tube, built with a minimum energy consumption as objective function of the mathematical model, and analysis the relationship between the changes of water content, temperature and pressure and total energy consumption, finally find out the main factors affect the total energy consumption, secondary factors and the minimum factors were temperature, flow rate, pressure, and get the optimal scheme and pipeline total energy consumption. In the actual production process to reduce temperature so that the total energy consumption minimum.
Fracture is an common type of failure for engineering structures， the stress intensity factor is an key parameter to control the cracked structures. In present work, a method to estimate the stress intensity factor by using the conservation law was proposed for the specialshaped pipes with periodic cracks under mode II loads such as torque.
