BIIR was synthesized by solution method and antioxidant 1520 was added in the process. In order to investigate the impact of antioxidant 1520 on the thermal degradation behavior of BIIR, the TG was used to investigate the thermal decomposition of BIIR under different heating rate. Kissinger method and FlynnWallOzawa method were used to calculate the apparent activation energy of the nonisothermal decomposition reactions of BIIR, and CoatsRedfern equation was used to deduce the thermal decomposition mechanism of BIIR added antioxidant 1520 before and after. The results showed that the activation energy calculated by Kissinger and FlynnWallOzawa methods was consistent, and the addition of antioxidant 1520 significantly improved the thermal degradation reaction apparent activation energy of BIIR. It can be deduced from the CoatsRedfern equation that the addition of antioxidant 1520 made the thermal decomposition reaction mechanism of BIIR change from the phase interface reaction mechanism into more complex chemical reaction mechanism of tertiary.
In order to process appropriately the coking gas oil from Qingdao Petrochemical Co., a laboratory investigation of integrated processing of furfural extractioncatalytic cracking was carried out. The optimal extraction parameters of the furfural extraction were determined, in which the temperature was 60 ℃, and the solventtooil ratio was 2. The raffinate yield was 52.55% by weight of the coking gas oil, in which the saturates content was 60.83%. Also the aromatics and resins contents were reduced, resulting in the properties improvement of the raffinate. The results of catalytic cracking evaluation for coking gas oil indicated that it had low conversion rate and bad product distribution due to the high percent of hard cracking component of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrides. Compared with the coking gas oil, the conversion rate of raffinate products distribution had been significantly improved. And the raffinate can be blended in the feedstock for catalytic cracking.
Butyl rubber solution directly can be obtained in the synthesis of butyl rubber by solution process,which shortens the bromination steps. While in this process it is difficult to remove the isobutylene monomer in butyl rubber solution completely because of the great airtightness of butyl rubber.The mass concentration of residual isobutylene in butyl rubber solution was effectively determined by Headspace Gas Chromatography. The effects of residual isobutene monomer on bromination of butyl rubber were investigated. The results showed that the bromine content decreased rapidly, while the mole ratio of structure II and structure III increased with the increasing of the concentration of isobutylene.
Acidity and accessibility of LNiY were characterized by in situ FTIR spectroscopy with pyridine (Py), 2,6dimethylpyridine (DTPy) and 2,6ditertbutylpyridine (DTBPy) as the probing molecules, and the texture properties were characterized by N2 adsorption method. The textual property results indicate thatmesoporous defect positions exist in the prepared LNiY zeolites.The in situ FTIR results imply that hydroxyl are strong Brnsted acid in supercages of the LNiY zeolites. The accessibility of the Brnstedacid sites is different, and the ones in the defect positions show the more excellent accessibility.
A hybrid molecular material (［Bmim］3PMo12O40) was synthesized using 1butyl 3methyl imidazolium bromide ionic liquid(［Bmim］Br) and the Keggintype phosphomolybdic acid (H3PMo12O40) as raw materials. The obtained material was characterized by XRD, FTIR and UVVis. The results of XRD and FTIR indicated the existence of the cationic group of ［Bmim］Br and Kegginstructure polyanion ［PMo12O40］3- in the hybrid material. The UVVis showed there was strong intermolecular interactions between the organic cation and the Keggintype anion of ［Bmim］3PMo12O40. The catalytic performances of ［Bmim］3PMo12O40 in alkene epoxidation were investigated using cyclododecene as the substrate and H2O2 as the oxidant.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a common and effective method
which is used to observe soap fiber structure of grease. With the aid of SEM，the fiber length, shape and arrangement of grease can be observed, then the relationship between structure and performance of grease can be studied in order to improve the using performance of grease. The best operating method of SEM for the observation of grease was obtained from conductive sample processing, operation mode of SEM and sample preparation methods. The results showed that for grease products with different consistency and thickener types, the relative suitable sample preparation method should be groped.
Cationic polymerization of pMethoxystyrene (pMOS) was achieved in imidazole phosphate ionic liquid 1butyl3methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (［bmim］［PF6］) with 2chloro2,4,4trimethyl pentane (TMPCl) and boron trifluoride (BF3) as a initiating system at -10 ℃. The polymer molecular weight achieved 73 150 g/mol, and monomer conversion was more than 93.4%. The influence of reaction temperature and monomer concentrationon the polymerization was analyzed, and the molecular structure was characterized by 1HNMR.The results showed that there were two different ends structure of polymer, including chlorine end groups and double bond end groups, and the corresponding mechanism of cationic polymerization of pMethoxystyrene in ionic liquid was proposed.
Four graphiticlike carbon nitride materials (CNEDACTC,CNDCD, CNUREA, CNMEM) have been synthesized with ethylenediaminecarbon tetrachloride, dicyandiamide, urea and melamine as precursors, using attapulgite (ATP) as hard template. The new materials were characterized by XRD and TG, besides which, the N2 and CO2 absorption properties were tested repectively. The results indicated that the structure and properties of the precursors played an important role in the adsorption capacity of carbon nitride materials. In the four materials, the CNUREA exhibited the highest capacity of CO2 with a capacity of 85.438 cm3/g at 0 ℃ and 58.931 cm3/g at 25 ℃. In addition, the results showed the attapulgite used as template in the new materials was removed thoroughly under magnetic stirring condition in 5% HF. The pore volumes and the CO2 absorption capacity of the samples were improved obviously.
The nanotube array with big specific surfacearea and aperture was prepared by the anodic oxidation. Bmodified MoNiP hydrotreating catalyst with pore diameter of 72.3 nm and specific surface area of 156 m2/g was prepared by the impregnation method，and characterized by mercury intrusion method and XRD. The activity of the novel catalyst was evaluated in a fixed bed reactor using diesel oil of Gudao island as the raw material. The results showed that the desulfurization rates of the products reached 96.6%
under the optimum hydrogenation condition as follows: temperature 360 ℃，pressure 7 MPa，volume ratio of hydrogen to oil 600∶1 and space velocity 1.5 h-1．
CaO/ZnAlO solid base catalyst was prepared using coprecipitation, impregnation and calcination method. Effects of preparation conditions on the catalytic activity of CaO/ZnAlO solid base in oil alcoholysis were investigated through orthogonal experiments. Optimized conditions obtained were as follows: the first calcination time of 0 h, the second calcination temperature of 750 ℃, the second calcination time of 3 h. When the reaction was carried out at 70 ℃ for 4 h with alcohol/oil molar ratio of 9,catalyst/oil mass ratio of 004, stirring speed of 400 r/min, rapeseed oil conversion arrived at 96.3% in the presence of the CaO/ZnAlO catalyst prepared at optimal conditions. The catalyst and its precursor were characterized using TGDTA, BET, XRD, SEM and Hammett indicator method. Relationship between the structure and the surface properties of the catalyst and its activity was discussed.
For the problem of scaling in producing wells in Songnan gas fields, components of the scale samples were analyzed for its, and scaling experimental research was done indoor. In addition, the trend of scaling in gas wells was predict using saturated index method. Results showed that the scale in Songnan gas wells was mainly calcium carbonate. When the well producing water was fixed, the scaling quantity arised with the temperature increasing, while reduced with the pressure rising. Considering the compatibility test, it was indicted that the mainly scaling reason was the mismatch between the CaCO3 well killing fluid and the stratum water, which caused the decrease of pressure when the stratum water get into the wellbore. Theoretic prediction on the tendency of the scaling of CaCO3 was made with the OddoTomoson saturating exponential method, and the result was consistent with the measurement in field.
The effect of the drilling fluid components on sag performance was studied. Experimental results show that the type of base oil, oilwater ratio, type of internal phase, particle size and type of weighting material have great effect on the sag stability of the system. The greater the viscosity of the base fluid, the lower the oilwater ratio, the better the sag performance is. The oilbased drilling fluid system with NH4Ca(NO3)3 as the internal phase shows better sag stability after static aging than the system with other internal phase such as formate, calcium chloride and sodium chloride. The smaller the particle size, the better the sag stability is. The oilbased drilling fluid system with Mn3O4 as the weigh material shows the best settling stability under static and shear conditions.
The southern part of Qinhuangdao 331 oil field is a heavy oil field which has not been exploited. The mode of thermal recovery is considered unusually in the early of exploitation. The design of thermal recovery mode depends on mass experimental data. Based on the indoor physical simulation, the influence of different noncondensate gas on high temperature and high pressure property of heavy oil is studied with a set of experiment instrument which support high temperature and high pressure. The results show that the volume ratio of CO2 dissolved in heavy oil of the southern part of Qinhuangdao 331 oil field is higher than N2 obviously, and the reduction rate of CO2 is 30%~90%. The lower temperature and greater pressure make CO2 reduce the viscosity of heavy oil more effectively. In different experiment temperature and pressure conditions, the N2 viscosity reducing extent is lower than 20%, and the dissolving capacity and viscosity reducing effect of flue gas is between N2 and CO2.
The effect of inhibitors on A106B steel in the mixture of high chloride solution and oil product solution after catalytic cracking was studied by surface tension, corrosion rate assessment instrument, polarization curves and EIS. The surface morphology of carbon steel was analyzed by SEM. The experiments showed that in the solution of oilwater mixture, SDDTC with concentration of 0.75 g/L had the best inhibiton effect, which inhibition efficiency reached 85%. However, synergy with different concentations of propargyl alcohol has a better effect than using SDDTC alone. When propargyl alcohol concentration was 0.2 g/L, the inhibition efficiency was more than 95%.
In view of the different flooding degree of waterflooding oil field, the oil saturation model established with oil saturation curve from logging interpretation in the past can’t meet the demand of oilfield development. In order to reflect the original oilbearing state of strata more truly, the capillary pressure of reservoir is converted into J function firstly. And then we get the relationship between J function and water saturation with multiple regression. Finally, via multiple regression, we establish the relation between oil saturation and porosity, permeability and oil column height calculated with oilwater interface and reservoir structure depth, and thus obtain threedimensional oil saturation field, which provide accurate basis for reserves recalculation and reservoir numerical simulation.
Scaling phenomenon widely existing in the process of base ASP flooding will affected subsequent water flooding and lifting system adversely. The scale composition change and types in the lifting system and formation were studied and the scale statistics from lifting system, casting thin sections, SEM and electron probe analysis were used to determine the base ASP flooding. The results showed that the main scale types changed with the PV injection of base ASP flooding. In early injection stage, the scale was mainly carbonate scale containing a small amount of silica scale and organic matter. In the middle injection stage, the number component of three scales was same. In later injection stage, the scale was the same with early injection stage. Casting thinsection analysis showed that the scale form was “white clouds” and “brown cementation”. With part of the pores blocking, surface pore rate fell by 6.45% on average. The types of scale formation in the study area were mainly calcium scale and silicon scale, containing a small amount of barium/titanium scale and iron scale. Due to alkali dissolution, scaling phenomenon in formation and wellbore appeared frequently, so it was suggested that base ASP flooding should be replaced wit weak ASP flooding if it can achieve the same improving recovery rate.
Since the implementation of SP Flooding in Jin 16 block of Liaohe oilfield, there are still some problems existing in some injection wells. For example, the monolayer liquid absorption amount is too large and front advance velocity in each layer is not uniform, which resulted in the faster rising of polymer concentration in production wells. In order to evaluate the SP flooding effect of different size slug combination with equimobility, SP flooding experiments were conductedusing homogeneous and heterogeneity core. The results showed that the oil recovery of Equimobility Displacement method was 3.54% higher than the conventional single slug SP flooding when the polymer and surfactant were used with the same dosage. Equimobility the diversion rate of the medium and low permeability layer can be obviously improved when the displacement method was uesd. Conversely, the high permeability layer was reduced. Therefore, a reasonable combination of different size equimobility SP slug can effectively improve the oil recovery efficiency of the heterogeneous core.
After 30 years of water flood development, G979 block of Xiaoji oilfield has entered high water cut and high recovery percent development period, and the remaining oil is highly scattered. In this situation, the basic physical and chemical properties of KN corsslinked polymer and SMG microsphere gel for high temperature reservoir were studied. The results showed that the gel synthesized by HPAM (hydrolyzed polyacrylamide) and KN crosslinking agent could be longtime stable with constant viscosity of 100 000 mPa•s at 113 ℃. And the residual resistance factor of it in core with permeability of 3.0 μm2 reached to above 20, exhibiting good plugging performance. SMG microspheres could resist 120 ℃ and their sizes increased obviously due to swelling at high temperature, which tended to plug the high permeability and would change the direction of the injected water during the followup water flooding stage, with the ultimate purpose of enhancing oil recovery. The KN corsslinked polymer and SMG microsphere gel for high temperature reservoir were optimized for the deep profile control test. Meanwhile the formation, well pattern, injected volume, plug structure were studied and optimized, combining with the adjustment of injection parameters on time. After large dose deep profile control applied in G979 block, the development effect and the water injection indexes have been significantly improved. Until June 2013, 13 wells out of corresponding 14 wells have taken effect and the increasing oil amount 9 500 t.
Gathering pipeline network adaptability evaluation, is to simulate the existing network when facing future possible working conditions, so as to assess its adaptability. Through numerical simulation, Canada Mackay River SAGD oil sand emulsion gathering pipeline network’s transient state is established, and Separated transportation and Multiphase transportation modes’ hydraulicthermal characteristic are analyzed, such as temperature dropping and pressure dropping. The result shows that the network based on the above two modes could satisfy the oil extraction and treatment requirement. For network corrosion issue, corrosion model is established to do the analog calculation. The result shows that in the separated transportation mode the carbon dioxide corrosion is severe, so multiphase transportation is recommended. Furthermore, the sand erosion prediction on pipeline elbow is calculated, the result shows that the erosion is not serious, network adaptability is good. The multiphase transportation and erosion analog calculation provides a accurate way of Canada SAGD oil sand gathering network adaptability evaluation, and it could be used for the network programming/updating/optimizing.
