A novel supported palladium catalyst was prepared through solgel method using silica bead grafted with double(3(triethoxy silicon) propyl)disulfide as the supporting matrix， following excessive impregnation. And the catalytic activity，conversion and selectivity were investigated. FTIR, UVVis DRS，TG and BET had been used to characterize the structure of catalyst. The results indicated that catalysts had excellent catalytic performance for hydrogenation of acetylene to prepar vinyl. When the palladium capacity was 0.6% and the reaction temperature was 140 ℃, the conversion rate reached 100% and the selectivity was over 90%. FTIR results showed that the synthesis of SiO2 carrier contained ligand. BET results showed that after adding ligand, specific surface area of catalyst increased obviously. TG results showed that decomposition temperature of the ligand modified supported Pd catalyst was 378 ℃, so the reaction temperature was lower than this. UVVis DRS results showed that ligands interacted with Pd produced.
Three kinds of molybdenum polyoxometalates using Mo8O4-26 as the anion, quaternary ammonium salts as the cation have been synthesized. And the catalysts were used in the catalysis and oxidation desulfurization of diesel fuel system with oxidant Ｈ2O2 (30%) as oxidant and extractant ［C6MIM］BF4 as extraction agent. The desulfurization of model diesel fuel was optimized by investigating different reaction conditions, such as the dosage of catalysts, reaction temperature, the ratio of ［C6MIM］BF4 and diesel fuel ,reaction time, the dosage of oxidant and so on and were applied in real diesel fuel. The results showed that the best desulfurization rate at 60 ℃ was obtained after 1 h [KG*4]under [KG*4]the [KG*4]condition of n(catalyst)/n(sulfide)=5%,V(［C6MIM］BF4)/V(oil)=1∶5，n(oxidant)/n(sulfide)=6∶1.The desulfurization rate reached 95% for the model diesel fuel (［S］o=1 164 μg/g) and 92% for the FCC diesel(［S］o=850 μg/g).
Surface acidities of the Y zeolites(NaY、HY、LCeY) were characterized by insitu PyFTIR and NH3TPD methods. The adsorption and catalytic transformation behaviors of thiophene on Y zeolites were studied by insitu FTIR technique. The results indicate that Brnsted (B) acid sites of Y zeolites play an important role in the progress of protonation and oligomerization. The order of catalytic properties of Y zeolites is LCeY > HY, which can be attributed to the concentration and strength of the surface acidities and the synergy between rareearth ions species and Brnsted (B) acid sites.
2Ethylhexyl stearate was synthesized by esterification of stearic acid with 2ethylhexanol using Brnsted acidic ionic liquid as catalyst. The conditions of the synthesis and the recycling capability of the catalyst were investigated. The results indicated that Brnsted acidic ionic liquid possessed high catalytic activity for the esterification reaction. The optimal synthesis conditions were as follows: the reaction temperaturewas at 150 ℃, the reaction time was 6 h, the molar ratio of stearic acid to 2ethylhexanol was 1∶1.4, and the molar ratio of catalyst to stearic acid was 1∶25. On this condition, the conversion rate was up to 96.9% and the acid value of the product was smaller than 0.5 mg（KOH）/g. After the reaction, the ester could be simply decanted out from the ionic liquid, and the ionic liquid could be reused after removal of water under vacuum. The activity of the catalyst remained at a high level after reuse of six cycles.
In the way of supersolubilization selfassembled, bulk catalyst N i - A l 2O3 is prepared with the carrier A l 2O3 and nickel. N i - A l 2O3 catalyst was characterized by SEM and TGDTG, and nano selfassemlbe mechanisms were also discussed. The SEM results show that supersolubilization selfassembled method can construct bulk catalyst N i - A l 2O3 which has a uniform particle, narrow distribution particle diameter, large specific surface area and pore volume. And after reduction, primary particle and secondary particle are also nanoparticle, porous channel between particles is 50~200 nm which is formed in the process of primary and secondary nanoscale selfassembly.TGDTG results with air and nitrogen atmosphere show that the temperture in the nitrogen atmosphere lags behind that in the air atmosphere. This is because that hydrocarbons templates burn in advance and loss weight in the presence of oxygen. Actual value of weight loss rate is much higher than theoretical value on account of that templates was not made full used.
The precursors of Nibased petroleum resin hydrogenation catalyst were prepared by coprecipitation and were made into hydrogenation catalyst through a series of process. The coprecipitation conditions, promoters and different nickel salts were studied in detail. The results showed that the large pore catalysts of petroleum resin hydrogenation was prepared by adjusting coprecipitation process parameters. The Nibased catalysts of small Ni grain was prepared by selecting the suitable nickel salt and promoter, and the promoter can inhibit Ni grain to grow up and improve the catalyst capacity of holding sulfur. The Nibased petroleum resin hydrogenation catalyst was provided with very strong olefin saturation properties, and its softening point of hydrogenated petroleum resin had a less decrease.
The sulfidation and oxidation reaction of Fe2O3 and H2S in oil tank containing sulfur were simulated under aerobic condition. In order to evaluate the pyrophoric tendency of H2S corrosion product, the temperature changes were measured during the oxidation process. The effect of water on pyrophoric tendency of H2S corrosion product was investigated. The results showed that water had important influence on the pyrophoric tendency of H2S corrosion product. The pyrophoric reactivity was high in the corrosion product when Fe2O3 sample contained some water. But the pyrophoric reactivity of H2S corrosion product was lower when there was no water or too much water in Fe2O3 sample. With the same water containing, the higher the O2 concentration in the mixture of sulfidation gas was, the greater the pyrophoric reactivity of H2S corrosion product was.
According to the characteristics of coal reservoir in Qinduan block, the experimental research on proppant optimization and fracture conductivity were conducted. The experiment contrastively analyzed the factors such as sand
mass concentration, proppant particle size, proppant particle size combination, proppant embedment, and their effects on conductivity of fracturing under the condition of various closure pressures. Fracturing proppant system was optimized through experimental study. The results show that the conductivity of proppant pack decreased along with the increasing of closure pressures, so if the fracturing conditions was permitted, we should use large diameter proppant as much as possible; Qinduan block should adopt the 20/40 mesh and 16/20 mesh Lanzhou silica sand as fracturing proppant, and when the ratio was 4∶1, the combination is appropriate; increasing sand mass concentration can increase fracture conductivity to some extent and reduce the impact of proppant embedment on the conductivity.
Oilwater relative permeability curve reflects the law of oil and water flowing in the porous media, and the characteristics of pore structure are important factors which greatly influence the relative permeability curve.The effects of the pore structure characteristics on the permeability and the characteristics of relative permeability in F reservoir was analyzed. It is found that the absolute permeability increases with the radius of pores and sorting coefficient upgoing and decreases with the coefficient of pore structure upgoing .The irreducible water saturation and isotonic point saturation decrease with the pore radius and sorting coefficient increasing, and increase with the coefficient of pore structure increasing.The endpoint permeability of water phase increases with the pore radius and sorting coefficient upgoing, and decreases with the coefficient of pore structure upgoing. The parameters of permeability and relative permeability characteristics in this formation are in power function relationship with the micro pore structure characteristics.
5# mineral oil and 3# mineral oil were used separately to prepare the basic mud and the oilbased drilling fluid system at room temperature. PIBSI（polyisobutylene succinimide） with different concentration were added to investigate the effect on properties of the basic mud and oilbased drilling fluid system under different temperatures. The results showed that, PIBSI can improve sag stability and viscosity of the basic mud changes with the concentration of the PIBSI under low temperature(4 ℃). As for oilbased drilling fluid system, PIBSI can decrease the viscosity of the system under low temperature while showed little effect on the viscosity and the gel strength under room and high temperatures if the concentration of PIBSI was in the appropriate concentration (for the 5# mineral oil based drilling system, the appropriate concentration was 2%, while for the 3# mineral oil based drilling system, the appropriate concentration was 0.2%). The larger the concentrations of the PIBSI, the lower the HTHP filtration loss will be.
Shuanghe field ⅧⅨ oil group has been developed more than 30 years,and it has entered the especially high watery stage. According to the features of formation of the blocks, with artificial heterogeneous cores,the experimental study the relationship of multiple injection,injection rate and heterogeneity. The results show that under high multiples injecting water,although the moisture is very high,cumulative oil production still have more economic value; permeability ratio have a great impact on lowpermeability layer; improving multiple injection and the injection rate,the ultimate recovery of laboratory experiments can be increased;they suggest that the injection rate should between 0.8~1.2 mL/min.
Horizontal well is the main development way of Gaoshangpu shallow faultblock reservoir. During the process of horizontal well development edge water and bottom water usually channel, finger, flood so that the water cut goes up quickly. After water cut is high, it caused well productivity decreasing, seriously affects the development effects of oil field. To solve this problem, the CO2 huff and puff technology was chose. The main principle was as follows. Under the condition of temperature and pressure, oil can dissolve CO2 quickly. CO2 can expand oil，change the physical property, decrease oil viscosity and interfacial tension between water and oil, increase dissolved gas drive energy then improve oil/gas recovery factor. Field application of 34 wells show that daily oil production increases from 1.72 t to 4.88 t and water cut decreases from 97.5% to 5145%. The technology has obvious stimulation effect.
Heavy oil and mineral water from 22023 oil wells in Jin 45 of Liaohe oilfield were used as experimental materials. Through the equivalent viscosity methods, emulsion with similar properities to gathering site was prepared. The influence of droplet morphology on rheology of heavy crude oil emulsion was researched. The results showed that the rheology met Bingham model when the concentration of disperse phase was low, rather, the rheology met Power law model. The smaller of the dispersed micro particles, the greater of the apparent viscosity, the more significant of the nonNewtonian fluid properties and the more obvious of the shear thinning characteristics were.
Key factors influencing the effect of plugging and fracturing was discussed, in respect to the characteristics and development status of Ch6 reservoir in Ansai oilfield, as well as features of the plugging and fracturing technology. The results showed that water breakthrough, vertical interlayer heterogeneity and initial fracturing treatment may significantly affect the plugging and fracturing performance. So, appreciate horizon for plugging and fracturing was the prerequisite for effectively reducing fluid leakage and enhancing recovery. The interaction between plugging and fracturing may also partially debase the treatment effects. Therefore, selection of proper well/layer and optimization of treatment procedure were essential for improving the plugging and fracturing effects of Ch6 reservoir, Ansai oilfield.
Formation of the heavy oil emulsion of thermal recovery was simulated by the PVT equipment. Viscosities and microscopic properties of crude oil emulsion made by Bohai dehydrated crude oil and simulating water were investigated with a rheometer RS600 and Olympus microscope BX41. Meanwhile, the effects of simulated conditions on the stability of emulsion were also studied in this thesis. The results indicate that viscosities of crude oil emulsions and densities of water particles increase with higher temperature, higher stirring velocity and more antiswelling agents. However, smaller water particle size and lower viscosity of crude oil emulsions are obtained mainly because of the effect of multiple thermal fluid. The results show that the stability of W/O crude oil emulsion are increased with the increasing of temperature and stirring velocity, effecting of multiple thermal fluidand natural emulsifier in crude oil.
The feasibility of preparation of the same viscosity dilute polymer systems with polymerbearing wastewaterwas studied in the process of polymer flooding in Daqing oilfield. The concentration of oil displacement system, the system viscosity, shear resistance, viscoelasticity, stability and molecular thread size were measured on the basis of the injection capacity and oil displacement effect assessment. The results showed that under the same viscosity polymer performance, injection capacity and oil displacement effect were increased with the increase of concentration of system. Using wastewater containing polymer in Daqing oilfield to prepare diluted polymer solution had wide applicability. In view of the Senior Reservoir of Daqing oilfield, through calculating the experimental time reduction ratio, recovery factor improvement ratio, polymer dosage incremental, dilute polymer system (qw3 system) containing poly 430 mg/L was obtained with Longhu Lake water, which can realize comprehensive benefits.
Multistage fracturing of horizontal well is a good explored mode for unconventional oil and gas resources. In this mode, continuous mix is required, and fracturing liquid is required to dissolve and disperse in a short time in order to fit application demand.The basic physical property, dispersibility and swelling property of an instant guar gum are studied, which is compared with another used guar gum in work site. The results showed that the instant guar gum was characteristic of favorable dispersibility and swellability and met the requirements of operation. It has been used in Xinjiang oil field successfully.
For safe problems of narrow density window drilling, fine controlled pressure drilling system (MPD) was developed by western drilling. The MPD system pressure control principle was analyzed, the structure and key technology of MPD system were described, and the MPD system was tested in Xinjiang oilfield. The results show that the system can realtime monitor the drilling condition and can keep the bottom hole pressure smoothly in different working conditions which met the security complex formation drilling narrow density window needs.
Three dimensional mixing characteristics of the kneading elements in a intermeshing corotating triscrew extruders were simulated. The mesh superposition technique (MST) and the CarreauBird flow model were employed in this simulation. The mixing mechanisms in the kneading elements were analyzed with the mixing evaluation parameters, such as maximal shear rate, mixing index, instantaneous and time averaged efficiencies, which were compared with those in the twin screw extruders. The results show that, in the same operating conditions, the maximal shear rate, mixing index, instantaneous and time averaged efficiencies of the triscrew extruders are bigger than those of the twin screw extruder. It shows that the triscrew extruder has better mixing efficiency than the twin screw extruder.
A state computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to predict the combustion and heat transfer of a large tube furnace. The model studied the threedimensional numerical simulation of combustion, flow, heat and mass transfer process, by using kε turbulent flow model, composition PDF transport model and DO radiation model. The CFD simulations reflect chaotic hydrodynamics flow in furnace. The predicted results were in good agreement with the industrial process data. This model provided the theoretical reference for designing and optimizing furnace.
