The Preparation and Curing Kinetics of the Silicon － Containing Epoxy Resin
YANG Ming-shan, HE Jie, LIU Zheng
2009, 22 (2): 1-4.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 281KB ) ( ) 　　
Silicon－containing epoxy resin （CNE －Si） was synthesized from diphenylsiandiol （DPSD） and ortho－cresol novolac epoxy resin with SnCl_２ as catalyst．The chemical structure of CNE－Si prepared was characterized by FT－ IR，^１H －NMR ．The thermal stability was analyzed by TGA．The results show that the －Si－group enhanced the thermal stability of the epoxy resin．The curing kinetics of the system is studied by isothermal DSC．The kinetic parameters of the curing reaction including the activation energy and reaction order are calculated using Kissinger and Ozawa method，which offer basic date for the application of CNE－Si ．
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Surface Modification of Nano － ZnO
ZHOU Li， ZANG Shu-liang, HU Xiu-ying
2009, 22 (2): 5-8.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 342KB ) ( ) 　　
Surface of nano-ZnO was modified by the aluminate, then compared with titanate and silane coupling agent respectively. The results show that the effect of aluminate is slight better than titanate, the effect of aluminate and titanate is better than silane coupling agent. Using aluminate coupling agent to modify the nano-ZnO, the optimal experiment condition is as below: coupling agent amout is 1%, reaction temperature is 100 ℃, reaction time is 30 min, ultrasonic time is 20 min. Under the condition, the oil-affinity degree and water-sorption percent are 70.37% and 4.79% respectively. The corresponding groups of the coupling agent are introduced to the sufficient function between the nano-ZnO and couping agent. The dispersing properties of the modified nano-ZnO are improved markedly. 
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Oxidation and Effect Factors for Heat Gathering of Iron Sulfide
ZHAO Xue-e, JIANG Jun-cheng, WEI Xin-li
2009, 22 (2): 9-11.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 225KB ) ( ) 　　
Oxidation process of iron sulfides was observed by installation of oxidation experiment．Oxidation process of iron sulfide can be divided into three stages ：surface layer self －heating period，incubative period and accelerative oxidation period． Heat gathering was the key factors for iron sulfide self －ignite．Effects of oil，water content and sulfur on heat gathering were explored using oxidation experiment installation．The results show that oil has complicate effect on self － ignite of iron sulfide．Water content can prevent iron sulfide from oxidizing．Sulfur has a little effect on initial stages of self －ignite，while in the final stage it can be as external heat source．
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Synthesis ，Characterization and Its Application in Diesel Fuel of CBC － NO Claw Macromolecule
LONG Xiao-zhu, TIAN Yan-wen, WANG Chang-song,et al
2009, 22 (2): 12-16.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 405KB ) ( ) 　　
Citric acid－beta－butylene glycol－citric acid（CBC）claw molecule was synthesized from beta－butylene glycol and citric acid in toluene．And the reaction occurred in an oil bath at 120 ℃．The obtained CBC further reacted with naphthenic acid and octadecyl alcohol by esterification at 140 ℃ and 180 ℃ in turn to form citric acid－beta－butylene glycol－citric acid－naphthenic acid －octadecyl alcohol（CBC －NO） claw macromolecule．It is show that the structures of CBC and CBC－NO are further confirmed by IR and ^１H －NMR．The composition of CBC was determined by elemental analysis． The molecule formula of CBC is C_１６H_２２O_１４．CBC－NO can be dissolved in organic solvent but not in water．When CBC －NO content in light diesel oil is 600 μg／g ，the cold filter plugging point of the light diesel oil can be lowed for 8 ℃．
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Synthesis of Mesoporous Materials With Large Surface Area and Micropore Duct
CUI Miao, LI Feng-yan, SUN Gui-da, ZHANG Ling-ling,et al
2009, 22 (2): 17-19.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 242KB ) ( ) 　　
The mesoporous materials were synthesized by an nanometer assembly crystallization process and characterized by XRD ，BET ，SEM ，TEM and NH_３－ TPD．The results of XRD show that the zeolite belongs to hexagonal symmetry，and it is a pure phase． The result of N_２ adsorption－desorption isotherm shows that the zeolite has both micropore and mesopore structure and Langmuir surface area is 1135he circumscription blurry．The TEM photos show that the zeolite has dense aperture and inhomogeneous dimension．IR shows that the zeolite presents much more Bronsted and Lewis acidic sites than HMCM －41.The catalytic cracking activity of 1,3,5 triisopropylbenzene over the zeolite is much higher than that over HMCM －41due to its structure and more acid amount.
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Depressive Effect of Polyacrylate （PA） Pour Point Depressant on Waxy Crude Oils
YANG Fei, LI Chuan-xian, LIN Ming-zhen, LI Zhi-yan, YU Tao
2009, 22 (2): 20-25.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 464KB ) ( ) 　　
Using differential scanning calorimeter （DSC ）， the crystallization abilities of polyacrylate （PA） pour point depressant and waxy crude oils doped/undoped with PA were studied；then the morphology of wax crystals in the waxy crude
oils doped/undoped with PA was investigated through a polarized light microscope and the depressive effect of PA on Changqing and Qinghai waxy crude oils was evaluated by the pour point tests and rheological experiments．The results show that the crystallization ability of PA improved greatly by increasing the alkyl side chain length of PA but kept unchanged with the increase of average molecular weight of PA．The addition of PA can inhibit the wax precipitation and decrease the wax appearance temperature of waxy crude oils．The size of wax crystals become larger and the structure of them become compact after PA addition，leading to the great improvement of the low temperature rheology of waxy crude oils．The depressive effect of PA on waxy crude oils are related to the crude oil composition and the molecular structure of PA．With the increasing of wax content and the fraction of wax with large carbon number， the depressive effect greatly decreased． The average molecular
weight of PA affected its depressive effect by controlling the solubility of PA in waxy crude oils：the solubility of PA in crude oils decreased with increasing the average molecular weight of PA， thus reducing the interactions between waxes and PA molecules and inhibiting the depressive effect of PA．The better matching the alkyl side chain of PA with the carbon number ofwax in crude oils，the better depressive effect of PA．
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Inhibition Properties of Acidizing Corrosion Inhibitor for N80 Steel in Hydrochloric Acid
YANG Yong-fei, YAO Jun, ZHAO Xiu-tai, ZHAO Xiao-ke
2009, 22 (2): 26-29.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 448KB ) ( ) 　　
Parent corrosion inhibitor was synthesized with quinoline and benzyl chloride，and then mixed with synergist and dispersant to prepare organic nitrogen quaternary ammonium corrosion inhibitor．Corrosion control ability of the prepared inhibitor was evaluated using static weight－loss method and electrochemical polarization curve． The results show that the prepared corrosion inhibitor can efficiently protect N80 steel at 135 ℃ in mass fracion of 15% HCl；It is a type of mixed mode corrosion inhibitor mainly repressing negative pole process，and the adsorption of inhibitor molecules fits Bockris－Swinkels
adsorption isotherm on the steel surface．Scanning electron microscope was applied to investigate surface morphology of N80steel in HCl before and after corroded．The inhibition mechanism of corrosion inhibitor was analyzed．The results indicate that the corrosion inhibitor can successfully restrain acidic component erode N80 steel．
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Synthesized p－t－Butylcatechol With Acidic Zeolite
ZHU Da-yu, JIN Wen-ying, CHEN Wen-yi
2009, 22 (2): 30-33.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 266KB ) ( ) 　　
The p－t－butylcatechol （TBC） was synthesized from catechol， isobutylene and acidic zeolite using as a new catalyst．Effect of process conditions on reaction was investigated． The optimum technology parameters were obtained．The
yield of TBC is above 85% every time when the reaction temperature is140 ℃， the reaction time is 8 h，the mole ratio of catechol to isobutylene is 1:1 .2,and mass fraction of the catalyst is 20% which can be repeatedly used more than 30 times．
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The Performance of Different Humidity Sulfured Hydrogen Absorbed on the Surface of Ferrous Oxide
YANG Shu-yi, LI Ping, ZHANG Zhen-hua, ZHAO Shan-lin,rt al
2009, 22 (2): 34-37.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 295KB ) ( ) 　　
The sulfured hydrogen gas adsorbed on the surface of ferrous oxide was investigated．The effect of temperature，humidity of sulfured hydrogen gas，volume ratio of sulfured hydrogen gas and humidity of ferrous oxide was discussed．The results show that decreasing sulfide temperature，increasing humidity and volume ratio of sulfured hydrogen gas would enhance the absorb reaction．And when the humidity of ferrous oxide was 10%,the absorb volume ratio of sulfured hydrogen gas is larger than other humidity of ferrous oxide．Another conclusion is that dry sulfured hydrogen gas adsorbed on the surface of
ferrous oxide and the product is sulfide ferrous，which can make an effect of corruption on the equipment．
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Optimization of Process Parameters on Printing and Dyeing Wastewater Treatment With Fenton Reagent
ZHANG Yong-li 
2009, 22 (2): 38-40.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 242KB ) ( ) 　　
Dyeing wastewater simulated with methylene blue（COD ＝2000 mg／L） was treated by the means of Fenton reagent oxidation，the COD removal rate for the evaluation of indicators，by the methods of single factor and orthogonal experiments，the Fenton reagent dosage，reaction time and initial pH was researched．The results show that the COD removal rates of water sample increas with the increasing of Fenton reagent dosages and the reaction time，and the fitting Fenton reagent dosage and reaction time are 5 mL reagent and 25 mL aqueous sample and 30 min respectively．With the adjustment of initial water pH，the COD removal rates changed like peaks and slopes，and the fitting value was 4.In the course of Fenton reagent oxidizing wastewater，the COD removal rates of aqueous sample are not affected obviously by the every level of the three factors；And at the optimized conditions，the COD removal rate of water sample is removed to 88.77%; The effect sequence of the three
factors are reaction time＞ Fenton reagent dosage＞ initial water pH．In the course of Fenton reagent oxidating wastewater，to the COD removal rate of aqueous samples，the influence of three factors in the each level is not obvious ．
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The Reaction Conditions of Coke Formation in Hydrocracking Residual Oil
WANG Yue, QI Bang-feng, HE Feng-you, ZHU Xue-mei,et al
2009, 22 (2): 41-44.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 293KB ) ( ) 　　
The conditions of coke formation and conversion of residual oil hydrocracking were studied intensively. Conditions included reaction temperature（410～440 ℃） and partial hygrogen pressure（3.0～7.0 MPa）and time（20～80 min）. The experiment was carried in high pressure autoclave without catalyst. The degree of coke and conversion of residual oil hydrocracking increased as reaction temperature and time and partial hygrogen pressure  increased,  but partial hydrogen pressure  effected the degree of coke slightly. The results show that the optimum condition is: at 430 ℃ and 7.0 MPa when reacting 20 min. 
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Method for Detaching Karamay Oil Sand by Ultrasonic
XU Xiu-qiang, WANG Hong-yan, ZHENG De-wen
2009, 22 (2): 45-48.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 238KB ) ( ) 　　
The method for detaching oil sand by ultrasonic was put forward aiming at the problems which oil-sand separation. The results show that the state of ultrasonic cavitation has large influence upon the effect of oil removing from oil sand, and the best state of ultrasonic cavitation is weak ultrasonic cavitation. The effects of the ultrasound frequency, power, time, temperature on the separation of oil and sands were studied. From orthogonal test, the optimum conditions of oil-sand separation are the ultrasonic frequency 40 kHz, utrasonic power 50 W, operative temperature 50 ℃ and treatment time 20 min. The removal rate of oil from oil sand is above 94% at this condition. It is show that the method for detaching oil sand by ultrasonic is feasible.
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Modified Y Zeolites and Their Behaviors in Selective Adsorptive Desulfurization for FCC Gasoline
ZHU He-li, SONG Li-juan, GAO Xiang, et al
2009, 22 (2): 49-51.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 339KB ) ( ) 　　
NaY zeolite was modified with oxalic acid. The HY zeolite were obtained by liquid phase ion exchange. And two Y zeolites (NaY,HY) were compared by selective adsorptive desulfurization from FCC gasoline.The results show that the HY zeolite adsorptive desulfurization effect is better than NaY zeolite. The molded HY zeolite is more effective than the unmolded HY zeolite. HY zeolite which contained 25%(mass fraction) γAl₂O₃ is more effective than HY zeolite which did not. When the static adsorptive desulfurization time of HY zeolite is 6 h,mass ratio of solid and fuel is 1∶3, WHSV is 0.5 h^-1 ,the effect of HY is the best. The rate of regeneration of the molded HY zeolites is 92.69%.
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Design of Seal Structure in Compressor for Air Source Heat Pump Heat Unit
ZHOU Dao, TIAN Xu-dong, ZHONG Yu, WANG Lei
2009, 22 (2): 52-55.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 294KB ) ( ) 　　
２D axisymmetric model of seal structure in compressor for air source heat pump heat unit was established by using nonlinearity finite element theory of large deformation and contact problem．Some typical parameters of the seal structure
which might have the impact on the sealing performance ，such as gap^,s dimension between flanges，chamfer radius of the groove，groove depth and groove width， were analyzed． It is show that the gap between flanges influences the maximum contact pressure and shear stress are very much，groove depth and groove width have a remarkable influence on the maximum
contact pressure and chamfer radius of the groove has a little impact on shear stress.
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The ３D Finite Element Simulation on CTOA During Fracture Process of Pipeline Steel
CHEN Fu-lai, SHUAI Jian, XU Kui
2009, 22 (2): 56-58.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 345KB ) ( ) 　　
Based on large deformation theory, the simulation on CTOA specimen fracture process has been carried out with the 3D finite element model, according to the experimental stress-strain relation of pipeline steel, the (CTOA)c was calculated. The simulation results show that the deviations of the calculated values and the experimental values of the (CTOA)c are 10%~17.5%, and the (CTOA)c of the X70 and X80 is increased with the increasing of specimen thickness, and they have linear relation. The fitting predicted formulas of (CTOA)c are acquired by analyzing simulation results. The research findings can be applied directly in gas pipeline arrest design, therefore it is of great theoretical significance and application value.
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Fractal Characteristics of End Faces^，Topography in Friction Pair of Mechanical Seals
WEI Long, GU Bo-qin, FENG Fei, FENG Xiu,et al
2009, 22 (2): 59-62.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 369KB ) ( ) 　　
The Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function was introduced, which can characterize the rough surface topography. Two methods to evaluate the fractal parameters of the rough surface topography (i.e. power spectrum and structure function) were analyzed. The radial and circumferential profiles of friction pair of GY70 mechanical seals were measured by the AF-LI type stylus profilometer, and the fractal characteristics of the profiles were analyzed by the structure function. The radial and circumferential fractal dimensions of the rotating ring end face are 1.293 and 1.291 respectively, and that of the stationary ring end face are 1.288 and 1.283. The results indicate that the rotating and stationary ring profiles of friction pair are isotropic and have the statistical self-affine dimension characters.
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Singular Stress Fields and Fracture for Periodic －Arrayed Indentation （Part II ：Critical Load for Cracking）
WANG Xiao-hua, MA Ying-li, SUN Zhuang, XIE Yu-jun
2009, 22 (2): 63-65.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 256KB ) ( ) 　　
Periodic－arrayed indentation is one of the powerful tools in investigating the near surface properties of materials in the micro－/nano－scale．When an elastic substrate in half－plane was subject to indentations by a rigid ，flat － ended punch ，a singular stress field and K－dominant region should arise adjacent to the punch edges．When the intensification of such singular stress fields reaches its critical value， fracture will take place on the surface of the contact boundary． The cracking of indentation was a new type of fracture problem．By using the energy release rate of boundary translation the fracture of indentation has been formulized and critical load and critical cracking angle of the indentation have been found.
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Electrochemical Behavior in Chinese Typical Simulated Soil Solutions of X８０ Pipeline Steel
DONG Mei, WU Ming
2009, 22 (2): 66-69.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 333KB ) ( ) 　　
The microstructure of X80 pipeline steel systemically was characterized by optical microscope, scanning electronic microscope, and transmission electron microscope, and studied electrochemical behavior of X80 pipeline steel in Ku'erle simulated soil solution, NS4 solution and Yingtan simulated soil solution by Potentiostat/Galvanostat model 2273.  It is shown that the microstructure of X80 pipeline steel is characterized by polygonal ferrite, acicular ferrite, and martensite-austenite (M/A) constituents.  There are dislocation cells and sub-grains in a ferrite grain and a lot of dislocation tangled around ferrite grain boundaries.  Only active region, and no
active-passive transition region is found in polarization curves of X80 pipeline steel in Ku'erle simulated soil solution, NS4 solution and Yingtan simulated soil solution.  Corrosive current density of X80 pipeline steel is the largest in Ku'erle simulated soil solution, and less in NS4 solutions, and the least in Yingtan simulated soil solution. Corrosive current density of X80 pipeline steel in Yingtan simulated soil solution is close to that of in NS4 solutions, but both of them much less than that of in Ku'erle simulated soil solution.
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Void Fraction Measurement by Single Wire Capacitance Probe
LIANG Fa-chun, CHEN Jing, CAO Xue-wen
2009, 22 (2): 70-72.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 246KB ) ( ) 　　
Using a swirl element mounted upstream of the test section，the asymmetry flow patterns such as stratified flow，annular flow were transformed into annular flow with uniform film thickness．Then a single electrical capacitance probe was
applied to measure the film thickness to obtain the mean void fraction．Extensive experiments were carried out in an air－water two phase flow loop．The results show that the capacitance probe output is the function of liquid film thickness and independent of liquid property and temperature．During the wide experimental range the void fraction measured by the single capacitance probe agreed well with that obtained by quick closing valve method．Since the flow pattern is transformed to symmetry type， the gas and liquid distribution along the probe wire can represent the whole section， the shortcoming of traditional probe
measurement method and tomography method is escaped．
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Personnel Exposure Risk Assessment in the Circumstance of Toxic Gas Leakage
ZHANG Bo, CHEN Guo-ming
2009, 22 (2): 73-76.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 270KB ) ( ) 　　
A CFD numerical simulation and dose reaction model combined approach for quantitative assessment of toxic gas leakage caused poisoninging were put forward．First of all，getting the toxic gas concentration distribution in time and space by CFD simulation； and then calculating toxic dose according to gas concentration and exposure time； the last， evaluating exposure personnel death percentage according to dose reaction model．An example of hydrogen sulfide leakage from a sulfide recycling installation has been studied and death risks of monitor points within a range of 0~300 m have been evaluated
quantitatively．The results indicate that this approach can assess personnel death risks quantitatively of any position at any time within the leakage and dispersion area．It can be widely used in problems related to risk assessment about toxic gas leakage and dispersion consequences．
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Process Simulattion and Performance Analysis of Gas，Heat and Power Cogeneration System in Winter
ZHAO Zhong-you, SHEN Sheng-qiang
2009, 22 (2): 77-80.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 216KB ) ( ) 　　
The model for gas, heat and power cogeneration system in winter was established. State parameters and procedure parameters of the system were obtained by process simulation on platform of Aspen Plus. Performance of the system was evaluated by energy integrated utilization coefficient of the system, profit, thermal efficiency of combined cycle and energy integrated utilization coefficient of heat-power cogeneration subsystem. Influences of key operation variables on these coefficients were analyzed. The results show [KG*4]that the [KG*4]thermal [KG*4]efficiencies of [KG*4]gas [KG*4]cycle, vapor [KG*4]cycle and combined cycle are 33.55%, 29.76% and 38.48% respectively. The energy integrated utilization coefficient of the system and the energy integrated utilization coefficient of heat-power cogeneration subsystem are 75.94% and 53.31% respectively.
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Research of Remote Monitoring and Control System for Industrial Process Based on Web Technology
DENG WumZHAO Hui-min,YANG Xin-hua,TANG Fei-long
2009, 22 (2): 81-84.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 395KB ) ( ) 　　
On the basis of the remote monitoring and control system function and structure， according to the industrial process，The remote monitoring and control system structure for industrial process based on Web technology was presented．From system development perspective，the key techniques of the development system，including Web application development，socket data communication， JDBC access， data gather， control tactic and real －time data etc were researched． A remote monitoring and control systems with high reliability was designed and implemented．The system shows that the remote
monitoring and control system for the chemical industrial process has the merits of stable working，swiftle control ，real－time transmitting data，high reliability and so on．
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Oil－Gas Exploiting Monitoring System Based on WSN
LI Yong, WANG Ping, CAI Lin-qin, WANG Heng
2009, 22 (2): 85-87.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 330KB ) ( ) 　　
Large scale application of wireless sensor net for industry field monitoring and control is inadequate based on the analysis of oil－gas exploiting process，The feasible well－site monitoring system solution，which adopt suitable techniques
were proposed．The solution includes：wireless instrument interface card，star and Mesh topology，hybrid power supply of main and battery，power management based on application requirement．The simulation result of dynamic power management indicates that large percentage battery power can be saved under steady operation conditions．
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A Cutting Recognition Algorithm Based on Support Vector Machine and Texture
YANG Xiao-min,RAN Fei,WU Wei,CHEN Mo,et al
2009, 22 (2): 88-92.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 530KB ) ( ) 　　
In the cutting logging process，how to recognize the cuttings automatically ，quickly and correctly is very important．A cutting recognition algorithm based on Gabor filter and SVM was proposed to resolve this problem． The algorithm used
Gabor filter to get the cuttings^' features．Then the features were used to train the support vector machine classifier and the cuttings were classified by using the trained support vector machine．Using the algorithm，after logged 4 wells of Luodai gas reservoir，a high recognition rate can be reached at 90%． The experimental results demonstrate the algorithm is feasible，robust and applicable．
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Design and Development of Long － Distance Pipeline Leakage Detection System
YU Dong-liang, ZHANG Lai-bin, LIANG Wei, et al
2009, 22 (2): 93-96.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 343KB ) ( ) 　　
The designed and developed leakage detection system was used to monitor the long－distance pipeline operation condition．This system is mainly composed of three modules including multi－sources information acquisition module，data
storage and query module，leakage analysis and diagnosis module．The OPC technology was applied to real－timely and quickly acquire the field PLC information，which can resolve the information missing problem resulted by the low－frequency SCADA system．The data was stored with BLOB format，and the query function was also realized．Projective algorithm was used for de－noising to get the weak leakage feature signals．Furthermore，the time difference of negative pressure wave transmission was calculated by correlation analysis as well as its velocity was solved dynamically．Field tests indicate that this system can meet the field requirement with high location precision．
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