Abstract: Citric acid－beta－butylene glycol－citric acid（CBC）claw molecule was synthesized from beta－butylene glycol and citric acid in toluene．And the reaction occurred in an oil bath at 120 ℃．The obtained CBC further reacted with naphthenic acid and octadecyl alcohol by esterification at 140 ℃ and 180 ℃ in turn to form citric acid－beta－butylene glycol－citric acid－naphthenic acid －octadecyl alcohol（CBC －NO） claw macromolecule．It is show that the structures of CBC and CBC－NO are further confirmed by IR and ^１H －NMR．The composition of CBC was determined by elemental analysis． The molecule formula of CBC is C_１６H_２２O_１４．CBC－NO can be dissolved in organic solvent but not in water．When CBC －NO content in light diesel oil is 600 μg／g ，the cold filter plugging point of the light diesel oil can be lowed for 8 ℃．

Key words: Beta－butylene glycol , Citric acid ,  Naphthenic acid , Octadecyl alcohol , Claw macromolecule , Synthesis , Characterization , Cold filter plugging point

摘要： 以 1 ,3 -丁二醇、柠檬酸为原料、甲苯为溶剂，在 120℃油浴中反应，合成了柠檬酸 - 1 ,3 -丁二醇-柠檬酸(CBC)爪状物小分子；然后，以甲基苯磺酸为催化剂，使 CBC依次与环烷酸、十八醇分别在140℃和 180℃油浴下接枝，合成了新型的爪形大分子柠檬酸- 1 ,3 -丁二醇-柠檬酸-环烷酸-十八醇 (CBC- NO)。采用¹ H -NMR及 IR对合成的两种化合物进行了结构表征。结果表明，合成的 CBC和 CBC - NO与所设计的分子结构相吻合。用元素分析确定了 CBC的化学组成为 C₁₆H₂₂O₁₄ 。合成的 CBC - NO溶于有机溶剂不溶于水。将 CBC - NO 按 600μg/g的加剂量添加到不同的轻柴油中，柴油的冷滤点最大可降低 8℃。

关键词: １, ３－丁二醇 , 柠檬酸 , 环烷酸 , 十八醇 , 爪形大分子 , 合成 , 表征 , 冷滤点