Binary structure zeolites Y/SAPO-5 were synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis method, with phosphoric acid, pseudoboehmite, and silica sol being used as phosphorus, aluminum, and silicon sources, respectively, and triethylamine as template. The samples obtained were characterized by means of XRD, FT-IR and SEM. The results indicate that the synthesized zeolite samples is the binary structural microspheres with NaY zeolites as core and SAPO-5 as shell about 10 μm. The catalytic performance was investigated by the synthesis of dimethyl ether from methanol. The experiments of the catalysis of dimethyl ether show that Y/SAPO-5 exhibited excellent selectivity of DME, with the increase of conversion of methanol over the temperature range 463～523 K.
(C5-C7) asphaltene (soluble in n-heptane but insoluble in n-pentane) of Canada oilsand bitumen vacuum residue (VTB) was charactered and compared with n-pentane asphaltene and n-heptane asphaltene with the help of GPC, XRD, 1H-NMR, SEM measurements and HyperChem simulation. (C5-C7) asphaltene has a small yield of 9.80% and composes mainly small moleculars, whose average structure unit possesses the lowest aromaticity and aromatic ring number but maximum naphthenic ring number (2.60). The length of (C5-C7) asphaltene alkane chains connected with aromatic rings is 0.5 more carbons than the other two asphaltenes. There is no aromatic sheet stacking structures existing in (C5-C7) asphaltene, which is different from n-pentane and n-heptane asphaltenes. (C5-C7) asphaltene has the biggest stable energy (266.73 kJ/mol), leading to a worst stability, whose particles have a large dimension and smooth surface.
A series of 2-substituted-2,3-dihydro-4(1H)-quinazolinones derivatives were synthesized efficiently by the cyclocondensation of 2-anthranilamide with an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of aluminum chloride in water at 60 ℃ after grinding at room temperature. The catalytic activity of different catalysts was compared. The effects of the amount of catalyst and the amount of solvent on the yields were investigated. The results show that the best reaction results could be obtained when the molar ratio of 2-anthranilamide to an aldehyde or ketone is 1∶1, the amount of catalyst is 1% (based on the mole of reactant), and water is 2 mL. The structures of products were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, mass spectrum and elemental analysis. The probable catalytic mechanism for the reaction was proposed.
Potassium titanates were prepared by sol-gel method and having a high crystallinity. The structure, composition and framework of the material were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), intelligent weight analyzer (IGA) and molecular simulation software. Catalytic activity of the catalysts for catalytic combustion of soot form diesel engines were treated. It is revealed that the potassium titanates catalysts have better soot oxidation performance compared with tradational catalysts. And through the different K/Ti of the titanium catalyst decarburization results show that K/Ti of 1∶1 potassium titanate catalyst for the removal of carbon black particles best; in loose contact with the next still able to maintain good activity. soot oxidation in titanates catalysts is the frist reactionary order. And the kinetic equation is well fitted with the experimental data.
The application of nonionic surfactant and nonionic surfactant formulation in the silicone oil emulsion was studied. Uniform design and optimization soft-ware were used in design of the emulsifier formula and optimization of the experiment results. The synergic effects between the surfactants were investigated. The optimum [KG*4]formula [KG*4]was got. The nonionic surfactant [KG*4]and [KG*4]nonionic [KG*4]surfactant [KG*4]in [KG*4]the [KG*4]formula [KG*4]have [KG*4]synergic [KG*4]effect. [KG*4]The [KG*4]optimum [KG*4]formula [KG*4]of [KG*4]the [KG*2/3]mass [KG*2/3]ratio [KG*4]are w（X1）30.14%, w（X2）23.69%, w（X3）22.45%, w（X4）13.05%, w（X5）10.67%. The silicone oil emulsion is prepared and not stratified at the 3 000 r/min by centrifugating 30 min.
The composite gel polymer electrolyte (CGPE) with high ionic conductivity was prepared, in which poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) served as the based polymer, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the blending agent, LiPF6 as the conducting salt, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the plasticizer. The structures were characterized by using IR, the ionic conductivity was determined by AC impedance, and the electrochemical stability was measured by linear sweep voltammetry. The charge-discharge properties of the Li-ion batteries in which the CGPE served as membrane were investigated．The results show that the CGPE conductivity is more than 10-3S/cm, and electrochemical window is stable under 4.65 V when 20% PMMA was mixed. When using LiFePO4 as the cathode material, the initial discharge capacities of Li-ion cell in the CGPE were 138 and 98.3 mAh/g at 0.1 C and 0.2 C rate respectively.
Adopting static corrosion weight-loss method, the corrosible effect Shengli oilfield produced water containing main ion ingredients (Cl- , Ca2 + , HCO - 3) on the carbon steel and penetrating zinc steel metal materials was studied, and causes of corrosion were also made analysis. The results show that with the concentration of Cl- increasing, the corrosion rate of 20# carbon steel and the penetrating zinc carbon steel is increased. When the content of Ca2 + ions was added, the corrosion rate of 20#carbon steel and the permeability zinc carbon steel also has a increasing trend. HCO - 3 inhibited corrosion rate of 20#carbon steel and then increased; the corrosion resistance of penetrating zinc steel is superior to 20#carbon steel in the simulative oilfield water, the corrosion rate is less than the petroleum industry standard 0.076 mm/a, so penetrating zinc steel metal materials can be used in pipeline of the oilfield.
The high viscosity of heavy oil and studies the effect of construct and combination of oil-soluble viscosity reducer on viscosity reducing effect were discussed. The results show that unary-polymer has viscosity action and poor viscosity reducing effect, binary-polymer has definite raise and viscosity reducing rate exceeds 30% in 20 ℃, terpolymer containing twain or more polar functional group researches has preferable effect and viscosity reducing rate is concordant with 70% in 20 ℃, and advisable combination in difference viscosity reducer can display synergism and raise the viscosity reducing effect obviously.
The study of complex de-nitride in lubricant by furfural and additives was researched for a second-tier base oil in Fushun No.1oil plant, according to single factor experiments, influences on removal rate of the basic nitrogen by temperature and oil/solvent ratio were obtained, finding a more suitable metal additive dosage of 0.50~1.33(mol zinc bromide/mol quinoline).Then through orthogonal test determining the effects on the complex extraction(removal rate of basic nitrogen), the most influential factor is the metal additive dosage, followed by the oil/solvent ratio, temperature minimum. The results show that adding a small amount of zinc bromide can greatly enhance the effect of furfural refining, its basic nitrogen removal rate increases, it greatly increases the effect of furfural extraction.
Using the application of real time stereoscopic fracturing test technology in the process of hydraulic fracturing carboniferous volcanic reservoir on the J230 well zones of Karamay Oilfield an example, it can appreciate the fracturing results, fracture position and occurrence. With the help of wellhead pressure monitoring technology, it can get the closure pressure, liquid filtration coefficient, and crack width, which provides reference for the overall adjustments of injection to production unit and EOR.
Experimental research on combustion characteristics of Huadian oil shale semi-coke was investigated under four different heating rates by using the thermogravimetric analyzer. The results show that the combustion process of Huadian oil shale semi-coke divided into three stages. The largest mass loss and the most heat release appeared in the first stage. Because of little fixed carbon and thermal decomposition of minerals, the endothermic process appeared in the third stage. Due to heat and mass transfer, the temperatures of the ignition and complete combustion increased with increasing heating rate. The kinetic parameters analyzed by the Friedman method indicated that the combustion of Huadian oil shale semi-coke was a complex multiple rections. The apparent activation energy calculated between 90 kJ/mol and 120 kJ/mol at lower temperature region, which is lower than that at higher temperature region with the apparent activation energy between 150 kJ/mol and 200 kJ/mol.
The Y2O3:Eu red-emitting nanophosphors were prepared by microwave-assisted sol-gel process. The heating mechanism for microwave irradiation was studied to rough observation FTIR spectra of precursor and sample. The results of XRD, TEM and PL indicate that the Y2O3:Eu powder annealed [KG*4]at 700 ℃ for 2 h [KG*4]has [KG*4]optimal [KG*4]comprehensive [KG*4]properties [KG*4]and 96.3% of particles was distributed in the range of 15~27 nm with better fluorescence intensity. The photoshop of SEM show that agglomeration size of Y2O3:Eu powder is smaller than 100 nm with scanty sphere distribution. Moreover, the nucleation, fluorescence, and dispersion of Y2O3:Eu ultra-fine powder in polymer materials was investigated. The results show that small amount of Y2O3:Eu ultra-fine powder in polypropylene can induces the crystallization into β- spherulitic structure, and small amount of that is beneficial for the dispersion of powder in polypropylene, but the fluorescence intensity is enhanced with the increase of additive.
The experiments of residence time distribution in SK static mixer were done by using the pulse tracer method. The effect of different factors on residence time distribution was evaluated based on mixed orthogonal experiments. The results of range analysis showed that the factors impacting the mean residence time were velocity, diameter, cross section, and arrange mode of elements in turn; but for variance the factors were diameter, cross section, velocity, and arrange mode of elements in turn. From the comparison of residence time distribution curves, the flow in the static mixer tended to be plug flow along the axial direction at the same velocity and diameter. The quantization analysis, the effect of factors on the mean residence time, was done by using the power function considering the numbers of mixer element, diameter and velocity, and so on. The validity of this function was testified by the experiment results of Di=40 mm and the mean error was 12%. The variance value was larger at lower flow rate due to the “wall flow”. The results of the variance analysis agreed with the previous analysis of residence time distribution curves.
Jumper spools with connectors are widely used in subsea devices installations during offshore oil and gas fields exploration, and can be operated by horizontal tie-in system or vertical tie-in system. Mechanical collet connector, hydraulic collet connector, and clamp connector are the most common selection in subsea jumper spools connection. Mechanical collet connector is compactive, and leaves no hydraulic components subsea, but connector actuation tools is needed in operation. Hydraulic collet connector is operated directly from the ROV, and with no need for a dedicated actuating tool. Clamp connectors consist of a two piece segmented clamp design and are particularly well suited for larger bore, lower pressure horizontal connection applications. Different connector types and different tie-in manners demand different installation process and different tools. Diameter, tie-in manner, and tools should be considered carefully in the connetor selection of jumper spool.
The critical transformation temperature Ac1 and Ac3 of steel 2.25CrlMo0.25V steel under different heat treatment process conditions are studied by thermal expansion method. The results show that the critical transformation temperature of the steel annealed is 797.1 ℃ and 886.2 ℃, the critical transformation [KG*4]temperature [KG*4]of [KG*4]the [KG*4]steel [KG*4]quenched [KG*4]is 801.3 ℃ and 891.4 ℃ and the critical transformation temperature of the steel quenched and tempered is 809.2 ℃ and 898.7 ℃. Different structures affect the critical transformation temperature. So the influence of heat-treating process on the performance and structure should be considered.
Hierarchical evaluation index system model was established for order important degree, order important degree evaluation method was put forward based on fuzzy hierarchy group entropy. In this method, in view of the first appraisal criterion levels weight, participating score experts weight equally and not the equal question, uses more succinct group eigenvalue method（GEM）and relative entropy model(REM) separately carries on the computation. The information content of target data in the evaluating indicator system was measured to confirm the weight of different plan. The dimension value of stationary index was effective transformed by using fuzzy mathematics. The application example has proven this method validity solving the appraisal problem in the order importance degree evaluation.