The naphthenic acids of Sudan crude oil with high acid value were separated by compounding deacidification agent.The separated naphthenic acids were analyzed by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance high resolution mass spectrometry(ESI-FT-ICR MS)and infrared spectrum(IR).The results show that there are obvious IR characteristic bands from 3500~2500,1707,1500~800cm-1,so they are typical monocarboxylic acids compounds(fatty acid and naphthenic acid),there are no binary and multivariate acids.MS Analysis point-like figure shows that the naphthenic acids of Sudan crude oil are mainly one,two and three-ring naphthenic acids,and the most content is two-ring naphthenic acids,the majority of which have 26 to 34 carbon number.MS Analysis point-like figure has many point-counts and they
arranged closely.The naphthenic acids content is very abundant.
The foaming behavior and its influence of an anionic sulphonate foaming agent(FA220) were researched.It was found that both of the foaming volume and half-time of foam reach the highest point when the concentration of foaming agent is 0.6%;FA220 has a good ability of resistance to Mg2+ ,NaCl and Ca2+ bring some neglect impact on the stability of foam and very little impact on the foaming volume; the addition of polymer improves the foam system stability and decreases the foaming volume,the foaming volume and half-time of foam make better result when the concentration of polymer was between 0.3~0.8g/L;oil has obvious defoaming effect,the defoaming effect become stronger with the increase of oil saturation.
In the heavy oil thermal recovery of Shengli oilfield,the carbon dioxide technology enhanced oil recovery and oil displacing agent technology enhanced oil recovery has been widely used.Implementation of the results statistics show that synergistic effects of two technology is far better than asingle technology.Analysised that the weak foam system generated by the two technology played a important role in blocking large pore,resulting in improved thermal efficiency,improved development results.Laboratory studies of weak foam syste minterface characteristics of gas-liquid,foam stability,and non
-mean reservoir flooding effects,experimental results show that weak foam system in the heavy oil thermal recovery profile important role in blocking.
The influence of oil recovery on theology of waxy crude oil processed by nano-based pour point depressant was studied.The results show that nano-based pour point depressant for highly waxy crude oil is effective in reducing
solidification point and viscosity.The depressant was heated to 65℃,solidification point reduced to 17.5 ℃;The flow behavior under low temperature was better than oil temperature rise less.the oil temperature rise to 35℃,then reduced to 30
℃,the solidification point is 24℃under test.The solidification point of chemical modified crude oil retain steady under repeat
heat by 5 times,the stability is good and can support the transportation of highly waxy crude oil safely and economically.
Non-framework titanium species could be inevitably produced in the titanium silicalite (TS-1)zeolites synthesized by using tetrapropylammonium bromide(TPABr)as the template,called low-cost TS-1 zeolites.The content of the non-framework titanium on which the catalytic performance of the zeolite samples for proplyene epoxidation depends can be effectively reduced by means of post-treatment method.Adsorption and diffusion behaviour of propylene(C3H6) and
propylene oxide (PO) on a low-cost TS-1 zeolite have been studied by utilizing the Intelligent Gravity Analyzer (IGA).Adsorption isotherms,loading dependence of the diffusivity of propylene in the samples and the pore size distribution of the
zeolites were obtained.The results show that no effect of the content of the non-framework titanium on the adsorption of propylene on the samples can be found.While for PO,the amount of adsorption of PO on the TS-1 samples decreases with the content of the non-framework titanium decreasing.With post-treatment methods applied,the crystallinity of the lowcost TS-
1 samples can be improved,resulting in the reduction of the content of the non-framework titanium and the increase of the diffusivities of C3H6 in the samples which could affect the catalytic performance of the samples for proplyene
epoxidation.
The compatibility between four phenolic antioxidants and PE(7047)was studied quantita-tively and qualitatively by weight increased and FT-IR spectra.The results show that hindered phenolic antioxidants have poor stationarity on compatibility with PE in high temperature,the effect of concentration on the compatibility of hindered phenolic antioxidant and PE is little.All the four antioxidants have good compatibility with PE resin,in the range of additive amount,and BHT is the best,1098 and 1076 followed,1010 in the end,and the effect of molecular structure on compatibility had been discussed briefly.
Cu(I)Y was prepared by liquid ion-exchange.Thiophene,benzene,1-octene and n-octane adsorption and diffusion on Cu (I) Y were studied by frequency response(FR).Results suggest that the rate-controlling process of the transfer processes in thiophene-Cu(I) Y system and n-octane-Cu(I) Y system was adsorption process,and there were two different adsorption processes.According to the adsorption isotherms,the interactions between thiophene and Cu(I)Y were stronger than that between n-octane and Cu(I)Y.According to the diffusion coefficient,the rate-controlling process of the transfer processes is a single diffusion process in the benzene-Cu(I)Y system.
Supported heteropolyacid is not only conveniently used to separate catalyst from reaction system,but also to heterogenize of the homogenous reaction.Different methods were used to prepare the supported heteropolyacid,which catalyze
anisole and acetic anhydride to synthesis p -acetylanisole.The effects of HPW amount and calcined temperature to the catalytic activity were studied.The results showed that catalysts exhibited the best catalytic performance and the product yield is 68.5%,using adsorption method,catalyst 1 g,anisole 1 mol,molar ratio of anisole and acetic anhydride1：1.5,loading 40% amount of HPW and calcining at 150 ℃.Experiments of catalysis recycle illuminate that the catalysis could be reused,whereas the catalytic activity was connected with treated temperature and circumfluence time.The supported heteropolyacid was charactered by infrared spectra (IR) and X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD).
C5 petroleum resin was synthesized from C5 distillates using aluminum muriate and boron trifluoride as catalysts.The results show that a petroleum resin can be prepared with softening point of 96℃ and maximum yield of 31%,and some best reaction conditions are determined.The optimum reaction temperature is 40℃,reaction time 4 h,catalyst AlCl3 and BF3 addition in order.
Mo-Ni-Pself-assembled nano-Al2O3 catalyst for hydrodesulfurization of diesel can be prepared,Mo-Ni bimetallic active component was supported on the large pore volume of nano self-assembly of mesoporous alumina by the method of modification and immersion.The catalysts is characterized by mercury and XRD.The loading of Mo-Ni bimetallic in large pore volume of nano self-assembly of mesoporous Ni-Mo alumina catalyst is w(NiO)=7.69%,w(MoO3)=27.2%,w(P)=0.05%.The active of catalyst,the fixed bed reactor and Gudao coking diesel raw materials is used to evaluate the desulfurization active,which show the optimum reaction condition of desulfurization activity-the reaction temperature is 370℃,pressure is 7.5 MPa,hydrogen oil volume ratio is 700,space velocity is 1.5h-1.Under these conditions,the sulfur content of diesel can drop from 14100µm/gto125µm/g.
The formula of inorganic salt ion solution and oil-water ratio about simulative emulsion were determined by understanding of the mining way of Liaohe oilfield viscous oil,and on the basis of moisture content and mineralization of oil emulsion from Liaohe oil field.Simulative oil emulsion was prepared by using PAM polymers and petroleum sulfonates surfactant.The effects to viscosity of simulative oil emulsion by emulsification time and stirring speed were investigated.And dehydration test was carried out by using the same kind of demulsifiers on simulative emulsion and on-site oil emulsions.The results show that viscosity of simulative oil emulsion can be close to crude-oil emulsion when emulsified for 6 h and stirring speed was 2 400r/min.A similar curve had been gained at the dehydration test.It is concluded that the simulative emulsion can substitute for the crude-oilemulsion to evaluate demulsifiers initially.
The method of study on highly waxy of Daqing crude oil drop coagulation was made.The results of experiment show that the solid point of Daqing crude oil can drop 21.8 ℃ adding 80 µg/g more strong PPD at 70 ℃,heat treatment time 1 h,cooling rate for 0.5 ℃/min,shear rate 60 r/min.Correspondingly decreased Daqing oil viscosity for safely,stable and efficient pipeline provides the basis.
Single stage refining and simulating three stages refining with furfural and N-methyl-2- pyrrolidone were carried out using vacuum gas oil (VGO) blended with Daqing and Shenbei oil as raw material.The optimum operation conditions were determined under the requirement about HVI500SN,and the experimental results were analyzed contrastively.The results show that when NMP refining is compared with furfural refining under the circumstance of the same refining effect,the refining temperature is decreased by 20℃,the mass ratio of solvent to oil is decreased by 40%,and the yield of refined oil is increased by 3% ,which show NMP refining is superior to furfural refining.
Nanocrystalline Ni-Fe alloy coatings with a higher chemical in Ni and lower in Fe on brass were prepared by DC electrodeposition technology.The effects of different Fe2+ concentration (ranging from 2 g/L to 12 g/L)on surface morphology,chemical composition,phase structure,micro-hardness and corrosion resistance of the coating were studied.Experimental results show that the Ni-Fe alloy coating is nano-crystalling,and the Fe2+ concentration of about 4g/L has the highest hardness of about 658 HV.For the Fe2+ concentration of about 12g/L,the coating exhibits the best corrosion resistance in 3.5% NaCl solution,with the corrosion current density of about 0.430 µA/cm2 and the coating resistance of about 143400Ω,respectively,which is about 40 times less than that of brass substrate.
In the oil drilling process,the motions of the drill string is very complicated process,which exists longitudinal,horizontal and torsional vibrations and random impacts and rubs between the well wall and drillstring.The non-linear dynamics finite element model of the bottom hole assembly (BHA) system was established with considering random impacts and rubs between the well wall and drillstring,drill bit and the rock.The transient vertical-horizontal-torsional coupling vibrations of the BHA system were studied with finite element method (FEM).The rules of the vibration motions and mechanical properties in the BHA were found out.The calculated results provide the references to oil drill string design and optimization of the system.
City gas pipelines are always under the threat of municipal construction.Unlike in the wild,the building of the city will cause lots of trouble to the dispersion of the gas released,and the lives and property safety of people may be threatened. The dispersion of the city gas released in the street canyons was analyzed based on the two-dimensional CFD model.The situation before and after the shutting down of the block valves were studied respectively.The numerical simulation results show that the wind plays a leading role on the dispersion,and the aspect of the street canyon has significant effects on inner vortex airflow fields which will make the gas difficult to disperse.
One-dimensional,non-isothermal gas flow model was adopted to simulate the transient phenomena in gas transmission pipelines.The model was coupled with SRK,PR,BWRS and AGA8 equations of state respectively and solved with the method of characteristics.The results show that there is little difference of pressure and flowrate between the four equations of state,and slice temperature difference existed which is adoptable in practical application.The calculation speed varied,therefore,when selecting the equations of state the balance between speed and accuracy demand in projects should be considered.
A three-dimensional and steady state flow process mathematical model was established,and then velocity field and pressure field were obtained.Based on these,velocity and pressure fields were discussed under the conditions of various outlet pressures.The results show that the influence of increasing outlet pressure on the flue gas flow velocity at the outlet is considerable,but that in the other part is minor.On the other hand,the pressure in the width direction is merely affected,but nothing is influenced with the pressure distribution.In addition,the negative pressure at the furnace door rose up and the differential pressure with outside decreased during the outlet pressure increasing from -600 Pa to-1 000 Pa,and the running status of regenerative furnace is improved.But when the outlet pressure kept increasing to-1 200 Pa,the negative pressure rose significantly,and running status of regenerative furnace is deteriorated.
With the aid of the large-scale flow loop,the initial restart pressure wave propagation has been measured and studied.The related in fluencing factors have been analyzed.Put forward the temperature effect coefficient concept for the first time,establishes the new computation model to forecast the initial restart wave velocity.Through flow loop's two different diameter test data contrast,the new model can forecast the initial restart wave velocity accurately.
The method aims to use the FEM software system CFD to study the efficiency of helical strakes to suppress vortex-induced vibration(VIV).In the calculation analysis,bare riser and two riser models with different heigh to fhelical strakes configurations have been simulated. With the current speed varied,for the bare riser and for two different strake configurations,the results show that the drag and lift changes with Re and have been compared to Morsion and the related tests,for the study of Helical strakes how to suppressing theVIV.Flow visualization provides insights on how helical strakes mitigate VIV.
To study the corrosion of Ni-Cu-P electroless coating in different concentrations HF solution,surface morphology of Ni-Cu-Pcoating was analyzed by metalloscope graphic.The corrosion resistance of Ni-Cu-Pcoating was tested by soaking method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy testing in different concentrations HF solution.The results show that Ni-Cu-P coating is uniform,dense and has good corrosion resistance in HF solution.With the increase of HF concentration,the corrosion rate ofthe coating appears to increases then decreases in different concentrations of HF solution.
The furnace tubes lost their function after operating for 18 months in one oil refining plant,which lead to much economic losses.Therefore,it was necessity for us to carry on the over safety assessment and life-span prediction of the furnace tube so as to assurance them safety operation in a service periodicity,analysis the chemistry composition and metallurgical structure of the furnace tubes,the metallurgical structure has changed into spherical pearlite that was found. Through degree of wall thickness and hardness examination and checking intensity of wall thickness,the results show that the furnace tubes can resume operating under present condition.Life-span were analyzed by using SASYS software based on plastic failure criterion,the results show that the final thin tube can safely operates for 29 months,which provides theoretical base for safety operation of The equipment.
EV(EarthVision)is a modeling software that has been widely applied in the geological study of oilfield.Given that the initialpre paratory work of geological modeling is prone to make mistakes with trivial details,the author programs a geological modeling accessorial system for the software in Visual Basic language.This system not only automates the data processing in preparatory work of modeling,but perfects some functions of EV software as well.The system features simple, convenient,and practical,and has been widely used in the geological study of Chengdao oilfield and Gudao oilfield,achieving favorable results.
The fuzzy variable structure-generalized common model control method was provided for DC-DC converter′s strong non-linear feature and to enhance its performance.By designing a GCMC controller,this method converts the strongly nonlinear system to the normally linear system.However,when the parameters of the DC-DC converter system were changed,the GCMC controller can not maintain the linear character of the system,so this paper contrive a FSMC controller to further enhance the system′s performance.This FSMC controller uses variable structure control to increase the robustness of the system,and while dealing whit the chattering problem it inducts the reaching law concept,and it also introduces the fuzzy control to further expedite the response time and weaken the chattering problem.The result of simulation indicates that the controller is workable with good robustness and good dynamic and static performance.
