Through the Panjin asphalt (AH-90) aging test by different aging time in Lab, the performance data of the aging asphalt and mix of different time have been tested, the varied range of the main test data of the penetration (25 ℃) is 13~78 (0.1 mm), the relationship between the aging index and the aging time has been established, and the grades of asphalt aging based on the aging index and the ratio of remaining penetration has been put forward, the aging asphalt has been classified as 5 grades, based on the asphalt aging grades, the critical state and limit state of the aging asphalt has been defined .
A series of trimeric anionic surfactants were synthesized from triglycidyl ether of glycerol, long chain alcohols and 1, 3-propane sultone. The molecular structure contains six ether bonds with excellent salt tolerance and three sulfonic groups with good temperature resistance. The structures and properties of the surfactants were studied by infrared spectroscopy, elementary analysis and mass spectrometry, as well as DSC method. The critical micelle concentration of these surfactants which the carbon number of hydrophobic chain is twelve was as low as 6.67×10-5 mol/L and the surface tension was 25.78 mN/m(t=25 ℃). The results show that their surface activity are more excellent than the corresponding conventional surfactants, and the surface activity is increased as the length of the hydrophobic chain increased.
A NiB/C catalyst was prepared by a chemical reduction method, and characterized by inductively coupled plasma direct-reading spectrometer (ICP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. Its catalytic properties were investigated by the reaction of catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to p-aminophenol (PAP). The characterization result suggests the composition of the amorphous NiB alloy is Ni79.4B20.6, the highest crystallization temperature is 643 K and the alloy particle size is about 30 nm. Nitrobenzene conversion of 80.23%, PAP yield of 11.21% was obtained. The results show that NiB/C catalyst had high catalytic activity on the reaction of catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene.
The adsorption reaction between active sulfur - take H2S for example - at a low concentration and Fe(OH)3 the corrosion product on the inner face of refining device was investigated. The effect of temperature, humidity of H2S gas and humidity of Fe(OH)3 was discussed. The results show that with the increasing of temperature, humidity of H2S gas and humidity of Fe(OH)3, the adsorption tendency increases.
The Ni-based hydrogenation catalysts (Ni/SiO2, Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/Al2O3-SiO2) with SiO2, Al2O3 and Al2O3-SiO2 composite material as carriers were prepared. In addition, hydrogenated decolorization activity of petroleum resin was evaluated on the micro hydrogenation reactor using above catalysts. The results show that the catalysts of Ni/SiO2，Ni/Al2O3and Ni/Al2O3-SiO2 can achieve the effect of decolorization petroleum resin. The softening point of hydrogenation petroleum resin with Ni/SiO2 catalysts is the smallest and declined about 4 ℃, while the larger decline is Ni/Al2O3-SiO2
Toluene-ethanol azeotropic system was separated of the simulation and studied using Aspen Plus chemical simulation software. Butyl benzene was selected as suitable solvent for extractive distillation applying Flash 2 module. Process of extractive distillation was confirmed, and feed plate location, reflux ratio and solvent ratio of extractive distillation tower and solvent recovery tower on separation effect were researched using sensitivity analysis module. When the solvent ratio was 2.2, the product of ethanol mass fractiont is 99.9%, and toluene is 99.5%, solvent recovery rate is approximately 99.5%.
The structure and composition changes of residue and hydrotreated oils by fixed reactor under different temperatures were researched by NMR, elemental analysis and molecular weight determination, et al. The results show that the average molecular weight of the hydrotreated oils, mole fraction of aromatic carbon, total carbon numbers, total hydrogen numbers, fraction of aromatic carbon, aromatic carbon numbers, total ring numbers, and aromatic ring numbers decreased after the hydrotreating. Atom ratio of hydrogen to carbon gradually increased. Results suggested that heavy fractions are cracked to light fraction, degree of unsaturation decreased, and residue property is obviously improved after hydrotreating.
The resonance point lattice concept was put forward to explain the symmetry of the microscopic particles, atoms, molecules and macroscopic objects. The resonance point of the lattice is the electromagnetic gauge transformation of the cumulative resonance point and has a gauge transformation, showing the U1 symmetry. The resonance point of the lattice is the angular momentum conservation movement, is the circumference of inertial motion. Electronic angular momentum causes the direction of the resonance field, the electric field to produce a centripetal force, the magnetic field generated tangent eccentric exercise. Electrons in different energy level transition probability of the different resonance lattice resonance radiation has the symmetry. The difference between the center of mass balance produces a symmetry breaking of the resonance radiation, electrons release energy to produce a non-gauge transformations, asymmetric radiation. Atomic and molecular crystals are determined by the resonance point lattice between the resonance point of the lattice will produce nuclear resonance precession of the nuclear role model. Resonance radiation - photons in the dissemination process of fermion aggregates (planet) to produce the weak interaction, this function of photon energy attenuation, the attenuation constant for the Hubble constant H0.
HZSM-5 zeolite supported on Pt catalysts were prepared by impregnation and temperature-programme reduction (TPR), and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). By using FCC gasoline fractions [KG*4]of [KG*4]different [KG*4]model [KG*4]compounds and n-heptane on a small-scale fixed bed reactor, modified ZSM-5 investigated reviewed their aromatization performance under definite condition. The experimental results show that, when Pt/HZSM-5 content 0.5% in Pt, reaction under pressure 1.5 MPa, temperature 450 ℃, hydrogen to oil ratio of 800∶1 and volume space velocity of 2.0 h-1, Pt/HZSM-5 catalyst for the n-heptane aromatization activity and stability was the best; when the reaction under pressure 1.0 MPa, temperature 450 ℃, hydrocarbon to oil 800∶1 ratio and volume space velocity of 2.0 h-1, Pt/HZSM-5 catalyst showed better aromatization performance by distillated FCC gasoline between 50~100 ℃ and 80~120 ℃.
Multi-phase foam system is composed of gas, liquid and solid. The method used to evaluate the effects of particles on foam stability was presented due to the foam formation process altered by particles. Research shows that foam liquid drainage volume was linear with respect to its drainage time in double logarithmic coordinate system, so the slope can be used to characterize foam decay rate. Experiments were conducted to investigate the foam decay rate of 3 foaming agents and the results show that foam decay rate is only related with foaming agent concentration in the general foam system, and it is unchangeable at constant mass fraction. Experiments of the effects of particle category, size and concentration on foam decay rate were also conducted, and the results present that preformed gel particle can be used to combine with foaming agents to form a good multi-phase foam system with high foam volume and half life period; the smaller the particle size the more stable multi-phase foam system, mass fraction of particle has an impact on foam ability, and there is an optimum value for the foam stability.
The technology of composite perforation for the crude bedding is increasingly studied and developed in recent years. When the technology was applied for the well 59 of Nanbaxian gas field and Ma well 8-1 of Mabei 1 in the north marginal area of Qaidam basin, the procedure can successfully remove the pollution obstruction in the single well reservoir resulted from the well killing liquid. The results show that the technology can be widely used for removing obstruction in area of cold lake oil field.
The DXX68C29 [KG*4]well is located in Xin 68 block three East high position of a structure of a key well. The well didnt normal product because of serious sanding in 27 July 2011, influenced the capacity up to 15.4 m3. In view of the well casing channeling long well section, the hole diameter change after the casing sealing channeling and the contradiction of large of inclination change, the 40 arm caliper was used on the well casing diameter analysis, selected suitable control sand technology. The method solved the contradiction of the well which could not be normal production because of the sanding. The well had worked 170 days continuously and had produced oil 1 179.9 m3 accumulatively after opened in 4 August 2011. A new train of thought was provided to solve similar well control sand. The 40 arm caliper structure, measuring principle and technical index were introduced. A new idea and technical were provided to solve the problem of unconsolidated reservoir control sand, and analyzed of the field application of the instrument effect through field application.
An anti-coking oxide film was prepared by a low oxygen partial pressure method for inner surface of cracking tube in service. The morphologies, composition and structure of the inner surface, the adhesion between the oxide film and the substrate and the anti-coking performance of the specimen were characterized by SEM, EDAX, X-ray diffraction, scratch tester. The results show that Fe and Ni content decreases after the process of low oxygen partial pressure. The oxide film is mainly composed of MnCr2O4 and Cr2O3 and the critical load between oxide films and substrates is 9.25 N. The anti-coking ratio reaches 69.92%, it proves that the oxide films can prevent catalytic filament cokes from deposition effectively.
Accurately predominate the gas leakage diffusion dynamics under coupled effects of multiple temperature and humidity has very important significance to the accurate grasping of the law about leakage diffusion and the really expressing the concentration field distributions under coupled effects of multi-factors in the actual geographic space. On the theoretical basis of non-equilibrium statistical thermodynamics and irreversible thermodynamics, the diffusion model under coupled effects of temperature gradient as well as temperature and humidity gradient was established. And combined with the model of gas leakage diffusion in limited space, the mathematical model of gas leakage diffusion under coupled effects of multi-factors was determined. Then through the Matlab software, the simulation analysis of the process about the gas diffusion indoor was conducted. The influence law, of which temperature and humidity gradient and the coupled effects work on gas leakage diffusion was obtained through the analysis. The research results can provide reference to the study of gas leakage diffusion law as well as the safely evacuation of the stuff when there is an emergency.
Mixing performance in an intermeshing co-rotating triangle arrayed tri-screw extruder in the cross-section was investigated under different slip coefficients using computational fluid mechanics software packaged Polyflow. The relationship between the shear stress at the screw surface and the slip velocity of the flowing melt obeys Naviers linear law. The mixing index in the central region and screw region were studied under different slip coefficients by comparison, as well as the mixing index at the mid-point with probe technology. Mixing simulation was conducted based on the flow field. The scale of segregation, logarithm of the length stretch, instantaneous and time averaged efficiencies were studied using the statistics module Polystat. The results show that the proper smooth wall of the screw is of benefit to improving mixing performance.
When rigid and rectangular indenter was pressed on the surface of the two-dimensional elastic substrate, a flat indentation and a singular stress fields arise, which will cause surface of the substrate to fracture. As a typical application of the flat indentation, the rack breaking mechanism for drilling bit with periodic-arrayed flat-ended teeth has been investigated. The mixed mode stress intensity factor(I-type and II-type) for periodic cylindrical indentation is derived. The upper and lower bounds for boundary critical cracking angle and the upper and lower bounds for critical loads are derived. The rock breaking behaviors has been formulized.
Numerical analysis of the stress intensity factor (SIF) induced by indentations was proposed based on the conservation integral. Simulation of the intensification of the stress fields by software of finite element method. The stress intensity factor for such stress fields was calculated. The SIF with different elastic modulus and poisson ratio was compared, focused on the relation between SIF and fracture toughness, and investigated the change law. Use the numerical result to researching damage behavior of material and testing the mechanical properties in engineering.
