CO2地质封存盖层力学完整性数值模拟研究

doi:10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2025.01.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

CO₂地质封存是缓解温室效应的重要手段之一。CO₂能否安全地储存在地下储层中，在很大程度上取决于盖层的力学完整性。通过建立CO₂地质封存流固耦合模型，研究了CO₂注入过程中盖层的孔隙压力、垂直位移和有效应力的变化规律，分析了CO₂注入速率、盖层弹性参数以及地应力因数对盖层发生拉伸破坏和剪切破坏的影响。结果表明，在CO₂注入初期，注入井附近盖层底部孔隙压力、垂直位移和有效应力的变化较大，随后趋于平缓；注入井附近的盖层被认为是封存系统最关键的部分，该位置发生力学破坏的风险最大；在CO₂注入过程中，注入速率和地应力因数对盖层发生力学破坏的影响最为显著。研究结果可为评估CO₂地质封存系统的长期稳定性和安全性提供理论依据。

关键词: CO₂地质封存, 盖层, 拉伸破坏, 剪切破坏, 数值模拟

Abstract:

CO₂ geological storage is one of the most important means to mitigate the greenhouse effect.The safety of CO₂ securely stored in underground reservoirs largely depends on the mechanical integrity of the caprock.This paper establishes a coupled fluid-solid model for CO₂ geological storage to study the changes in pore pressure,vertical displacement,and effective stress in the caprock during the CO₂ injection process.It analyzes the effects of CO₂ injection rate,caprock elastic parameters,and geostress factors on the occurrence of tensile and shear failures in the caprock.The results indicate that,at the initial stage of CO₂ injection, changes in pore pressure,vertical displacement,and effective stress at the bottom of the cap near the injection well are significant but gradually stabilize thereafter.The area near the injection well is considered the most critical part of the caprock,where the risk of mechanical failure is greatest.During the CO₂ injection process,the injection rate and geostress factors have the most significant impact on the occurrence of mechanical failures in the caprock.The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for assessing the long-term stability and safety of CO₂ geological storage systems.

Key words: CO₂ geological storage, Caprock, Tensile failure, Shear failure, Numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TE19

刘斌, 黄甜甜. CO₂地质封存盖层力学完整性数值模拟研究[J]. 石油化工高等学校学报, 2025, 38(1): 33-41.

Bin LIU, Tiantian HUANG. Numerical Simulation Study on the Mechanical Integrity of Caprock in CO₂ Geological Sequestration[J]. Journal of Petrochemical Universities, 2025, 38(1): 33-41.

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链接本文: https://journal.lnpu.edu.cn/syhg/CN/10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2025.01.005

https://journal.lnpu.edu.cn/syhg/CN/Y2025/V38/I1/33

图/表 15

图1 σ-τ坐标下的Mohr-Coulomb准则示意图

Fig.1 Mohr-Coulomb criterion in σ-τ coordinates

图2 几何模型示意图

Fig.2 Geometric diagram of the model

表1 模型参数

Table 1 Model parameters

地层

杨氏模量/

GPa

泊松比

Biot系数

岩石密度/

(kg·m^-3)

渗透率/

图3 不同注入时间下地层孔隙压力分布云图

Fig.3 Cloud map of pore pressure distribution in the formation at different times

图4 观测面和观测点处孔隙压力的变化曲线

Fig.4 The variation curves of pore pressure at observation surfaces and observation points

图5 不同注入时间下地层垂直位移分布云图

Fig.5 Cloud map of vertical displacement distribution of strata at different times

图6 观测面和观测点处垂直位移的变化曲线

Fig.6 The variation curves of vertical displacement at observation surfaces and observation points

图7 盖层底部观测点最小和最大有效主应力的变化曲线

Fig.7 The variation curves of minimum and maximum effective principal stresses at the observation point at the bottom of the cover layer

图8 盖层底部观测点的应力状态变化曲线

Fig.8 Stress state change at the observation point at the bottom of the cover layer

表2 不同参数取值

Table 2 Different parameter values

CO₂注入速率/(kg·s^-1)	盖层杨氏模量/GPa	盖层泊松比	地应力因数
0.3	10.00	0.10	0.4
1.1	15.00	0.15	0.5
1.9	20.00	0.20	0.6
2.7	25.00	0.25	0.7
3.5	30.00	0.30	0.8
4.3	35.00	0.35	0.9

图9 不同注入速率下最小有效主应力分布云图

Fig.9 Contour map of minimum effective principal stress at different injection rates

图10 CO2注入速率对盖层拉伸破坏的影响

Fig.10 Impact of CO2 injection rate on tensile failure in the caprock

图11 盖层杨氏模量对盖层拉伸破坏和剪切破坏的影响

Fig.11 Impact of caprock Young's modulus on tensile and shear failures in the caprock

图12 盖层泊松比对盖层拉伸破坏和剪切破坏的影响

Fig.12 Impact of caprock Poisson's ratio on tensile and shear failures in the caprock

图13 地应力因数对盖层拉伸破坏和剪切破坏的影响

Fig.13 Impact of geostress factors on tensile and shear failures in the caprock

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CO₂地质封存盖层力学完整性数值模拟研究

Numerical Simulation Study on the Mechanical Integrity of Caprock in CO₂ Geological Sequestration

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