溶剂萃取法分离回收废催化剂碱浸渣中铝、镍的研究

doi:10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2023.02.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过溶剂萃取法分离回收废加氢催化剂碱浸渣的硫酸浸出液中铝和镍，分析并比较了萃取剂P204（二（2?乙基己基）磷酸酯）和P507（2?乙基己基磷酸单2?乙基己基酯）的萃取分离效果，同时考察了P204萃取体系中原料液初始pH、P204体积分数、P204皂化率、V(有机相)/V(水相)等因素对铝、镍萃取率的影响。结果表明，与P507相比，P204可更好地分离铝和镍；在萃取剂P204体积分数为35%、P204皂化率为30%、原料液初始pH为2.75、V(有机相)/V(水相)＝3∶1的条件下，铝的萃取率达到96.45%，而镍的萃取率仅为2.77%；经过二级逆流萃取流程，铝的萃取率可达到99.50%以上，而镍的萃取率低于3.60%。采用盐酸溶液对负载有机相进行反萃，在盐酸浓度为6 mol/L、反萃温度为60 ℃、V(有机相)/V(水相)=2∶1的条件下反萃20 min，有机相中铝的反萃率为98.04%，可有效地实现废加氢催化剂中铝、镍的分离。

关键词: 溶剂萃取法, 废加氢催化剂, 铝, 镍, 反萃

Abstract:

This study uses the solvent extraction method to separate and recover aluminum and nickel from the alkali leaching residue of spent hydrogeneration catalysts. It compared and analyzed the extraction efficiency of P204 (Di (2?ethylhexyl) phosphate) and P507 (2?ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono?2?ethylhexyl ester) and investigated the effects of initial pH, the volume fraction of P204, the saponification rate of P204, and the ratio of V(org)/V(aq) on the extraction of aluminum and nickel in the P204 extraction system. The experimental results show that P204 demonstrates better extraction performance than P507 in the separation of aluminum and nickel. Under a concentration of 35% and saponification ratio of 30% of P204, initial pH of 2.75, and V(org)/V(aq) of 3∶1, the extraction rate of aluminum and nickel is 96.45% and 2.77%, respectively. In the two?stage countercurrent extraction process, the extraction rate of aluminum can reach more than 99.50% while that of nickel is below 3.60%. The loaded organic solvent was stripped at 60 ℃ and V(org)/V(aq) =2∶1 for 20 minutes by 6 mol/L HCl solution, and the stripping efficiency of aluminum in the organic phase is 98.04%. Thus, the separation of aluminum and nickel in spent catalysts can be effectively realized.

Key words: Solvent extraction, Spent hydrogenation catalyst, Aluminium, Nickel, Stripping

中图分类号:

TQ09

于博, 凌江华, 贾富智, 刘美. 溶剂萃取法分离回收废催化剂碱浸渣中铝、镍的研究[J]. 石油化工高等学校学报, 2023, 36(2): 20-26.

Bo Yu, Jianghua Ling, Fuzhi Jia, Mei Liu. Separation and Recovery of Aluminum and Nickel from Alkali Leaching Residue of Spent Catalysts[J]. Journal of Petrochemical Universities, 2023, 36(2): 20-26.

图/表 7

图1 原料液初始pH对铝、镍萃取率的影响

Fig.1 Effect of initial pH of feed solution on extraction efficiency of aluminum and nickel

图2 萃取剂体积分数对铝、镍萃取率的影响

Fig.2 Effect of extractant volume fraction on extraction efficiency of aluminum and nickel

图3 P204皂化率对铝、镍萃取率的影响

Fig.3 Effect of saponification rate of P204 on extraction efficiency of aluminum and nickel

图4 V（org）/V（aq）对铝、镍萃取率的影响

Fig.4 Effect of V（org）/V（aq） on extraction efficiency of aluminum and nickel

图5 铝的McCabe?Thiele萃取级数图

Fig.5 McCabe?Thiele extraction stage diagram of aluminum

表1 两级逆流萃取实验结果

Table 1 Experimental results of two?stage counter current extraction

循环次数	萃取率/%
循环次数	铝	镍
1	99.52	3.03
2	99.76	3.58
3	99.68	2.48
4	99.84	1.93
5	99.84	2.21

图6 反萃条件对铝反萃率的影响

Fig.6 Effect of stripping conditions on the stripping efficiency of aluminum

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