钠离子电池正极材料V2O5研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-396X.2022.06.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

钠离子电池(SIBs)具有资源丰富、成本低廉及供应风险低等优势，被认为是极具潜力的下一代电化学储能器件。目前，五氧化二钒(V₂O₅)正极材料因具有高工作电压及高理论容量等优点，逐渐成为SIBs正极材料的研究热点。然而，V₂O₅正极材料的低离子扩散系数、低电导率及反复的离子嵌入/脱嵌所致的结构不稳定等缺点，限制了其在SIBs中的应用。分析了V₂O₅正极材料的晶体结构和储钠机制，并通过形貌控制、晶体结构修饰、化学预插入以及与其他材料复合等改性方法，综述了V₂O₅正极材料在SIBs中的研究进展，最后对V₂O₅正极材料的发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词: V₂O₅, 形貌控制, 晶体结构, 化学预插入, 导电材料

Abstract:

Sodium?ion batteries (SIBs) have the advantages of rich resources and low cost and supply risk.Therefore,they are regarded as a new generation of electrochemical energy storage devices with great potential.At present,vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) has gradually become a research hotspot of cathode materials for SIBs because of its high working voltage and theoretical capacity. However,the disadvantages of V₂O₅ cathode material,including low ion diffusion coefficient,low conductivity,and structural instability caused by repeated ion intercalation/deintercalation,have limited its application in SIBs.This paper analyzed the crystal structure and sodium storage mechanism of V₂O₅ and summarized the research progress of V₂O₅ cathode material in SIBs through modification methods such as morphology control,crystal structure modification,chemical pre?insertion,and composition with other materials.Finally,the paper prospected the development trend of V₂O₅ electrode material.

Key words: V₂O₅, Morphology control, Crystal structure, Chemical pre?insertion, Conductive material

中图分类号:

TQ150

周娅, 时润娜, 郎笑石, 姚传刚, 蔡克迪. 钠离子电池正极材料V₂O₅研究进展[J]. 石油化工高等学校学报, 2022, 35(6): 38-47.

Ya Zhou, Runna Shi, Xiaoshi Lang, Chuangang Yao, Kedi Cai. Research Progress of V₂O₅ Cathode Material for Sodium⁃Ion Batteries[J]. Journal of Petrochemical Universities, 2022, 35(6): 38-47.

图/表 8

图1 正交相V2O5的晶体结构

Fig.1 Crystalline structure of orthorhombic V2O5

图2 V2O5正极材料的充放电曲线、原位XRD及在充放电过程中的结构变化示意图

Fig.2 Discharge/charge profiles,exsitu XRD patterns and the structural changes of the V2O5 electrode during discharging and charging processes

图3 V2O5单晶纳米线的物理表征图

Fig.3 Physical characterization diagram of V2O5 single?crystalline nanowires

图4 单层正交相V2O5和双层V2O5·nH2O的晶体结构（水分子未显示）

Fig.4 Crystalline structure of single layered orthorhombic V2O5 and bilayered V2O5·nH2O(water molecules not shown)

图5 ε′?V2O5的结构特征

Fig.5 Structural characterization of ε′?V2O5

图6 Y x V2O5(x=0、0.02、0.06)样品的制造工艺示意图

Fig.6 Schematic illustration of the fabrication process of the Y x V2O5(x=0,0.02,0.06) samples

图7 聚苯胺/V2O5复合材料（001）晶面的分析（a）原位XRD图（b） XRD平面（c）充放电曲线

Fig.7 Analysis of (001) crystal plane of polyaniline/V2O5 composite

图8 三维TiO2?V2O5?C纳米结构的制备过程及其作为SIBs正极材料的应用示意图

Fig.8 A schematic illustration of procedure for the preparation of three dimensional TiO2?V2O5?C nanostructure and their application as anode materials for Na batteries

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钠离子电池正极材料V₂O₅研究进展

Research Progress of V₂O₅ Cathode Material for Sodium⁃Ion Batteries

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