高分子水润滑轴承材料研究进展

doi:10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2025.05.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高分子复合材料因其优异的耐磨性、低摩擦系数、耐水性和耐腐蚀性，成为水润滑轴承的主要材料选择；其性能直接影响轴承的安全性、可靠性及运行成本。系统综述了常用高分子水润滑轴承材料的性能及近年来的研究进展，重点分析了不同材料在承载能力、耐磨性和摩擦性能等方面的表现；比较了各类材料的优缺点，并针对现有材料存在的问题，提出了高性能水润滑轴承材料的研究方向和发展建议。研究结果为相关材料的优化设计与工程应用提供了技术参考。

关键词: 水润滑, 轴承, 进展, 高分子材料

Abstract:

Polymer composites are the primary materials for water-lubricated bearings owing to their superior wear resistance, low friction coefficient, and resistance to water and corrosion. Their performance directly governs the safety, reliability, and operating costs of the bearing systems. This paper provides a systematic review of the properties of commonly used polymer composites for water-lubricated bearings and recent research progress. It focuses on analyzing the load-carrying capacity, wear resistance, and frictional behavior of different materials, while comparing their relative advantages and limitations. Finally, by addressing the current challenges with existing materials, the review proposes future research directions for high-performance water-lubricated bearing materials and suggests strategies for optimizing their design and engineering applications, aiming to offer valuable insights for further development.

Key words: Water lubrication, Bearing, Progress, Polymer materials

中图分类号:

TQ317

吕丹丹, 袁瑞泽, 张渊博, 张栋秀, 乔美月, 尚小红, 王世伟. 高分子水润滑轴承材料研究进展[J]. 石油化工高等学校学报, 2025, 38(5): 11-21.

Dandan LÜ, Ruize YUAN, Yuanbo ZHANG, Dongxiu ZHANG, Meiyue QIAO, Xiaohong SHANG, Shiwei WANG. Research Progress on High Molecular Polymer Water-Lubricated Bearing Materials[J]. Journal of Petrochemical Universities, 2025, 38(5): 11-21.

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链接本文: https://journal.lnpu.edu.cn/syhg/CN/10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2025.05.002

https://journal.lnpu.edu.cn/syhg/CN/Y2025/V38/I5/11

图/表 7

图1 NBR/Gra和NBR/CNTs的SEM图和耐磨性机理图[21]

Fig.1 SEM images and wear resistance mechanism diagrams of NBR/Gra and NBR/CNTs[21]

图2 UHMWPE在滑动摩擦过程中的塑性变形示意图[25]

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of plastic deformation of UHMWPE during sliding friction[25]

图3 拉伸PTFE在室温和液氮温度下滑动磨损表面的SEM图[35]

Fig.3 SEM images of the sliding wear surface of stretched PTFE at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature[35]

图4 水润滑条件下钢盘磨损轨迹的SEM图[38]

Fig.4 SEM images of wear-track on steel disk under water lubricant conditions[38]

图5 GAPI复合材料的制备示意图[46]

Fig.5 The schematic of the preparation of GAPI composites [46]

图6 高密度马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯（HDPE-g-MA）中马来酸酐与苯酚可能发生的酯化反应示意图[49]

Fig.6 Scheme of the possible esterification reaction between maleic anhydride in high density malleated polyethylene（HDPE-g-MA） and phenol[49]

图7 聚氨酯预聚物的化学反应机理[54]

Fig.7 Chemical reaction mechanism of polyurethane prepolymer[54]

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