低温环境下电化学储能器件性能研究进展

doi:10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2025.05.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着全球能源系统向可再生能源转型的加速推进，电化学储能器件在确保电力供应稳定性与促进能源高效利用方面扮演着愈发关键的角色。然而，低温环境成为制约电化学储能器件性能的一大挑战，特别是对应用广泛的锂离子电池而言，其充放电容量显著下降、内阻增加及循环寿命缩短等问题尤为突出，严重限制了其在寒冷地区等场景的商用化进程。为应对这一挑战，系统综述了当前针对低温环境下电化学储能器件性能的研究进展。首先，围绕核心研究焦点——电池正极材料及电解液体系的改性与优化，通过分析温度对电池材料性能的影响，系统阐述了低温条件下电池性能劣化的作用机制，包括导体材料电阻率升高、活性材料反应活性降低、电解液黏度增大等。其次，回顾并分析了提升低温条件下电池性能的电解液改性策略。此外，还阐述了优化储能器件低温性能的其他有效方式及其对改善电化学性能的作用机理。

关键词: 电化学储能器件, 低温条件, 电极材料, 电解液优化策略, 研究进展

Abstract:

As the global energy system accelerates its transition toward renewable energy,electrochemical energy storage devices play an increasingly vital role in ensuring power supply stability and promoting efficient energy utilization.However,low-temperature environments pose a significant challenge to the performance of electrochemical energy storage devices.Especially for widely used lithium-ion batteries,the problems such as significant decrease of charge and discharge capacity,increase of internal resistance and shortening of cycle life are particularly prominent,which seriously limits the commercialization development of lithium-ion batteries in cold regions and other scenarios.To address this challenge,this paper provides a systematic review of current research progress on the performance of electrochemical energy storage devices in low-temperature environments.First of all,focusing on the core research topic of modification and optimization of battery cathode materials and electrolyte systems.This study systematically elucidates the mechanism contributing to battery performance under low-temperature conditions,including changes in material resistivity,reduced reactivity of active materials,and increased viscosity of electrolyte materials.Then,the modification strategies of electrolyte to improve the performance of batteries under low temperature are reviewed and analyzed.In addition,other effective ways to optimize the low-temperature performance of energy storage devices and their mechanisms for improving the electrochemical performance are also expounded.

Key words: Electrochemical energy storage devices, Low temperature condition, Electrode materials, Eectrolyte optimization strategies, Research developments

中图分类号:

TQ152

郎笑石, 刘琳, 刘珈伊, 钟啸宇, 吴雨彤, 孙桦, 李金阳, 李嘉一, 吴雨珊. 低温环境下电化学储能器件性能研究进展[J]. 石油化工高等学校学报, 2025, 38(5): 1-10.

Xiaoshi LANG, Lin LIU, Jiayi LIU, Xiaoyu ZHONG, Yutong WU, Hua SUN, Jinyang LI, Jiayi LI, Yushan WU. Research Developments on the Performance of Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices in Low-Temperature Environments[J]. Journal of Petrochemical Universities, 2025, 38(5): 1-10.

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链接本文: https://journal.lnpu.edu.cn/syhg/CN/10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2025.05.001

https://journal.lnpu.edu.cn/syhg/CN/Y2025/V38/I5/1

图/表 4

图1 “纳米级”碳包覆LiFePO?与Fe?P共存结构的扫描电镜照片

Fig.1 SEM image of a nanoscale carbon-coated LiFePO4 and Fe2P coexisting structure

图2 ZIF-67有机金属框架材料结构图

Fig.2 Structural illustration of ZIF-67 metal-organic framework material

图3 胶体聚合物电解质的设计及溶剂化结构的研究

Fig.3 Design of the gel polymer electrolytes and investigation of the solvation structures

图4 不同添加剂对电解液界面稳定性的影响

Fig.4 Influence of different additives on electrolyte interface stability

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