For exploring the influence of POE（Poly Olefin Elastomer）on the aging properties of SBS modified asphalt, the index of rheological analysis, fluorescence microscope analysis, as well as the infrared spectroscopy measurement of the SBS modified asphalt, POE/SBS modified asphalt, and its residue after shortterm and longterm aging performance testing were investigate. The results indicated that POE can be compatibilized with the SBS modified asphalt due to its good molecular mobility. In this way, the SBS can be dispersed more homogeneously and be swollen more effectively, through which the aging process is reduced in this compatibility system.
Microcapsules consisting of 58# paraffin wax used as the cores and melamineformaldehyde resin used as the shell were synthesized by the insitu polymerization, and the improvement of apparent morphology and core content of microcapsules was researched. The effects of pH adjustment method, the type of curing agent and stratified treatment on morphology and thermal storage property of microcapsule were studied by SEM, PSDA and DSC. It indicates that pH adjustment is an important factor to microcapsules' morphology and the overall property of microcapsules is greatly improved when NaCl is used as curing agent. After stratified processing, particle sizes of the microcapsules show unimodal distribution and core material content is up to 86.1%.
CuOZnOZrO2 catalyst was modified by combustion method, using Al2O3, CeO2, NiO metal oxides as promoters. The effects of Al2O3, CeO2, NiO on phase composition and catalyst structure were illuminated by using Xraydiffraction (XRD), temperatureprogrammed reduction ofhydrogen(H2TPR), temperatureprogrammed desorption of hydrogen (H2TPD) and carbon dioxide (CO2TPD) techniques. And the effects of the three chosen promoters on catalytic performance for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol were studied in a fixedbed plug flow reactor. The results indicated that the three promotes of Al2O3, CeO2, NiO all contributed to improving theactivity of catalysts and CeO2modified catalyst had best catalytic performance. Moreover, the three promotes all could inhibit CuO crystal grain growth and improve the dispersion of CuO, which could benefit the reduction of catalysts and H2 adsorptiondissociation. Besides that, the three metal oxides could modulate the intensity amount of basic sites on the catalyst surface in different degrees. Comparing with NiOmodified catalyst, CeO2modified catalyst and Al2O3 modified catalyst both possessed higher basic intensity and more basia sites, which led to CO2 adsorptionactivation easily.
Refinery dry gas contains a lot of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. In order to improve the dry gas desulfurization efficiency and the effect of the selective absorption desulfurization, in this paper, the super gravity rotating bed equipment was used as absorption desulfurization reactor instead of traditional absorption tower for experimental research. Rotating speed, absorbent dosage and absorption temperature were researched. The optimum operation parameters is: dry gas flow rate of 4 500 m3/h, the condition of pressure of 0.8 MPa, absorbent dosage of 8 m3/h, rotating speed of 800 r/min, absorption temperature of 40~45 ℃. A better absorption effect can be obtained, and hydrogen sulfide content in dry gas can be controlled to 0.01%, which satisfies the requirement of subsequent sulfur emissions. The results have shown that the shorter the retention time in the reactor is, the better the absorbent selectivity of hydrogen sulfide absorption effect is. Rotating bed reactor can replace traditional absorption tower.
The tight oil resource is extremely abundant in China, but the production and researches of tight oil is just at the beginning stage. There are great challenges in developping the tight reservoirs. Although small pore size and low permeability can greatly increase the development difficulty, spontaneous imbibition mostly resulted from the capillary pressure is a very important and useful way for tight oil production. In the laboratory experiments through the homemade imbibition apparatus and the effects of different parameters on the imbibition recovery factor was investigated. The results show that the imbibition recovery factor is significantly increased with the increasing of temperature. For rocks with similar parameters ,the recovery factor is increased as the formation water salinity decreases within a certain range. The recovery factor by imbibition varied due to the different boundary conditions. In addition, the curves show good normalization character after processing the data with dimensionless, which can be used to estimate the actual production efficiency of the field. Undoubtedly, the research is of great significance for effectively developing the tight oil reservoir.
The field experiment of AlkaliSurfactantPolymer flooding utilizing domestic plant oil carboxylate surfactant firstly on the N block in Daqing oilfield is investigated. Imported sulphonate surfactant used as ASP flooding in Daqing oilfield utilizing is more costly. To reduce cost and increase economic efficiency, plant oil surfactant was firstly employed on the N block in Daqing oilfield. In this experiment, PBH808E carboxylate was used as surface active agent. The test results of asp flooding through indoor core displacement experiment and field experiment were analyzed. It presented that the oil recovery of ASP flooding was more than 20 percent compared with water flooding. Oil emulsification was important to effect oil recovery efficiency. Tracking and adjusting system viscosity can get better trial result. Study and evaluation in this test have a positive effect on the research of ASP flooding in Daqing oilfield.
In order to study the relationship of oildriving efficiency with microcosmic pore structure in the Changyuan ultralow permeability reservoir of outer edge of Daqing oilfield, the CT technology was used to research dozens of natural cores. Lots of data such as pore radius, throat radius, porethroat ratio, coordination numbers, tortuosity and shape factor were obtained. The waterflood experiment was conduct and each oildriving efficiency was recorded, then the effect of pore structure parameter on oildriving efficiency was studied. After the standard processing, the linear regression equation of pore structure parameters and oildriving was obtained. The results showed that, among all the parameters, the average throat radius was the critical element with a factor of 0.531. While the average pore radius was considered to be insignificant with a factor of 0.045.
Aiming at the poor plugging performance of conventional bridge plug plugging material or the problem of repeat leakage in the drilling process of fractured reservoir, a kind of shearing resistance sealing agent DLJ5 was synthesized by the adding of hectorite. The microstructure of DLJ5 was researched by laser particle size analyzer and diffractometer. The swelling property, shearing resistance property, compatibility with drilling fluid and plugging performance were evaluated through lab tests. The results show that the initial average particle size of sealing agent DLJ5 is 204.5 μm. The internal double network structure with organic and inorganic can improve the strength of sealing agent. The swelling ratio of sealing agent DLJ5 is 35.52 in the simulation formation water of 50 ℃. The sealing agent has good shearing resistance properties and good compatibility with Changqing drilling fluid. The sealing agent also has good plugging property in high salinity reservoir. The shearing resistance sealling agent has broad application prospects in the drilling of fractured reservoir.
Distribution of sand body in CⅢ Formation Tazhong 40 well block is complicated and reservoir heterogeneity is strong. Taking deterministic modeling and stochastic modeling method into consideration, the structural model, sedimentary microfacies model and attribute model controlled by microfacies of CⅢ Formation Tazhong 40 well block were established by Petrel software in which the sedimentary microfacies model was established under four restrained mechanisms, then the recalculation of the geological reserves was also completed on the basis of the models. Research shows that the microfacies which can store the oil was dominated by highenergy foreshore sandsheet, the porosity and permeability of the third layer were better than that of the first and second layer in research area obviously. What's more, the value of geological reserves calculated by threedimensional geological model was objective and reasonable, which layed the foundation for further development and adjustment of CⅢ Formation Tazhong 40 well block. In general, it owned reference significance for the application of faciescontrolled modeling insimilar area.
The remaining oil in the fault edge of Lamadian oilfield is relatively enrichment. Conventional methods cannot accurately describe the fault structure features. Therefore, in this text using the combination of well and seismic technology as the core, multidisciplinary reservoir fine description as method, structural characteristics is studied, the remaining oil is quantified, and the residual oil along fault is tapped by taking the high angle directional well. Since 2009, 12 high angle directional well are successively designed in the 37#, 51# and 15# fault edge, which has made good effects. Through the analysis of high angle directional well development effect, the high angle directional well technology characteristics and the tapping type of potential of residual oil were determined. By optimizing the adjustment measures, the longterm development of high angle directional well was effectively guaranteed. At the same time, the large fault edge remaining potential was further defined, which provide a basis for the development of fault edge and increase of water flooding recoverable reserves.
There are many difficulties during the shale gas development and drilling process in Changning block, such as serious nature deviation angle of surface formation, poor drillability, small deviation in anticollision and angle maintaining interval, collapse in the angle descending interval, long drilling period, high drilling cost, and so on. Based on the disadvantages analysis of the previous design plan, the well distribution plan, well trajectory design and drilling technology is further optimized for the cluster wells, and a new trajectory optimization scheme is proposed. The technology scheme has achieved good results through field test. The drilling speed has been improved obviously and the drilling period has been reduced significally, which provide technical support for the shale gas development in Changning block.
Polymer flooding sewage was used to dilute polymer solution XingBei oilfield. The low viscosity and poor stability made it unable to reach the injection requirement. A series experiments were made to study the problems. The results showed that Fe2+ and Na+ in the polymer flooding sewage were the major causes which reduced viscosity of polymer solution. Suspended solids and bacteria were the secondary factors. In order to effectively use polymer flooding sewage recycle dilute polymer solution and to make the oil field to achieve the purpose of economic and environmental development, the sewage quality was improved by oxygen exposure and putting flocculent. The viscosity of polymer solution was increased by 10.83 mPa·s compared with untreated polymer flooding sewage dilute, and viscosity loss rate was decreased from 28.4% to 12.16%, reaching the reinjection standard.
HPAM gel is the most widely used and most effective chemical water shutoff agent at home and abroad. Phenol/formaldehyde is commonly used for crosslinking agent of HPAM gel. However, its high toxicity，especially the carcinogenic，restricts its application severely in the oilfield. In this paper，a lowtoxicity crosslinking agent was synthesized firstly，and then the geation kinetic of HPAM crosslinking with the composite crosslinker was studied，in which THMBPA was the main crosslinking agent and polyethylene polyamine TET as assisting crosslinking agent. The influence of temperature，initial pH，composite crosslinker ratio and salt concentration on the gealtion time and long term stability were investgated. Experimental results showed that the gelation time of the gel system can be arbitrarily adjusted at the range of 10~120 h at 120 ℃，and gel could remain stable for 90 days at 120 ℃ and 100 days at 120 ℃. Long sand packed tube plugging experiments showed that the water shutoff agent had good sealing ability and plugging rate could reach 90.6%.
Each work area of the marine riser has its corresponding specific sea conditions, and the feasibility of macroevaluate is poor. For the feasibility of the whole problem of poor riser assessment, a method was proposed to segment the entire riser calculations, and assessment comprehensively. The marine riser common risk factors were collected to establish risk assessment model, and the gray correlation theory was used to assessment segmented riskof marine riser. According to the major risk factors associated with the risk of occurrence probability, for each segment, the invalidation problem and unreasonable weightswere calculated, the probability of failure of each section of the riser was further calculated by combining the weight with failure correlation coefficient of each section in a variety of major risk factors . This method of risk assessment of the marine riser provides a new way to strengthen the management and maintenance for marine riser of each section.
4WS, 4WH and 6WI rotors were regarded as the object of study. According to the theory of fluidstructure interaction, fluid solid coupled finite element analysis models of internal mixer were established, and the coupled equations of liquid material and solid rotor inside internal mixer were solved. Under the circumstance of constant power, the influence rules of the stress and deformation of rotor under rotate speed were researched. It was found that the stress and deformation were leaded by the coupling of torque and fluid load , and the torque was the main factor resulting in stress and deformation. With the increase of rotate speed, the mixing effect of materials was significantly improved. The torque caused by rotate speed and the change of fluid load leaded to the change of rotor clearance. Rotor clearance had significant influence on the mixing effect. 6WI rotor had better mixing effect. The research results provided theoretical reference for the reasonable design and performance prediction of rotor in internal mixer.
The gelling oil with high wax content can be used to simulate the wax deposit inside the pipelines. In this paper, a new yield stress measurement method for gelling oil with high wax content was presented. It has a wider measurement range compared to regular measurements. Thus, the yielding behavior of oilwax mixture in low temperatures was further studied. In particular, the effects of melting temperature, standing time in melting and measurement temperatures on yielding behavior were presented for oilwax mixture. It is found that high melting temperature contribute to a low yield stress. The yield stress of gelling oil increases with the increase in standing time in melting temperature. Within 5 h standing time, the yield stress is kept constant. In addition, the effect of standing time in measurement temperature on yielding behavior can be ignored. The yield stress remains basically unchanged while standing time in measurement temperature is more than 30 min. These conclusions are of great significance in preparing gelling oil with high wax content. It forms the basis for exploring the wax breakage and removal mechanisms during pipeline pigging.
In the exploitation of offshore oil and gas resources, the severe slugging will appear due to the special piping system, gravity, flow, and other factors. The severe slugging will cause secondary hazards and threaten the safety of production. Therefore, it is needed to adopt the method to eliminate the severe slugging. In this paper, OLGA software and PVTsim software were used to simulate the gaslift to eliminate the severe slugging. The results showed that the severe slugging could be eliminate by gaslift in a certain extent. Different gas injection position had different effect to eliminate severe slugging. When the position of gas injection was in the upstream at the bottom of the riser, severe slugging could be eliminated effectively.
Considering riser system in subsea pipeline, severe slug is a common and harmful flow pattern under low flow rate. A certain condensate gas pipeline from wellhead platform to central platform is selected to be studied. The slug flow characteristics and suppression effects of choking, gas lifting and multiphase pump controlling are simulated with OLGA. The impact of slug flow can be eliminated by choking and gas lifting controlling, while periodic variation characteristics of severe slugging can only be weakened by multiphase pump controlling.
