Chemical engineering software Aspen Hysys is used to simulate the serialparallel large scale methanol synthesis process in the industry operation and a compared couple process is proposed at the same time. The effect of two process styles on the crude methanol flowrate, methanol mole fraction, mass flowrate of recycle gas and energy consumption are compared according to the simulation results. The characters of a more compact equipment, a less equipment investment and a higher operation cost are summarizes from the compared results, which could provide a direction of large scale methanol synthesis process design.
Development of high efficient, environmentally friendly, low cost as well as multifunctional rubber antioxidants has been widely focused on. In this article, a new type Schiff base rubber antioxidant with combined advantages of hindered phenol and hindered amine antioxidants has been synthesized and applied in the natural rubber. The influence of the new synthesized rubber antioxidant on vulcanized performance, physical and mechanical properties, thermal stability and thermal aging kinetic was investigated in the thermal aging process of vulcanized natural rubber. The results showed that the synthesized antioxidant obviously shortened the curing time tC90 and improved the cure rate. Meanwhile, it exhibited better protective effect for thermal oxygen aging performance of NR vulcanizates, compared to the antioxidant traditional BHT.
Air injection low temperature oxidation reaction of heavy oil has been simulated in the highpressure reactor to study the oxidative mechanism of the reaction without or with catalyst. The before and after oxidation changes of oxygen content in tail gas and products of heavy oil were detected using TY3160type oxygen analyzer and NDJ4Atype potentiometric titrator, respectively. The results show that the using of transition metal salt as primary catalyst not only accelerates the oxidizing reaction, but also affects the selectivity of oxidation products. The addition of transition metal salt is helpful for the production of carboxylic acid, aldehyde and ketone, but reduces the production of alcohol. This research can provide the favorable theoretical basis for improving mining technology of air injection low temperature of heavy oil and further optimizing the design of catalyst.
The C u O - Z n O - C e O2 / A l 2O3 catalyst using in catalytic wet oxidation process was prepared by coprecipitation, and X ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize the catalyst. The effect of C u O - Z n O - C e O2 / A l 2O3 on catalyst activity and stability was studied using phenol as the target pollutants. The results shows that addition of Ce increased the degree of dispersion of catalyst system, the active element of Cu, Zn, Ce in catalyst existed in the form of CuO, ZnO and CeO2, and all the active element successfully loaded on carrier A l 2O3. For the phenol wastewater with initial concentration of 900 mg/L, the removal rate of COD reached 95% with reaction temperature 180 ℃, pressure 4 MPa, stirring speed 300 r/min, the catalyst amount 0.1 g/(100 mL), reaction time 30 min.
The physical and chemical properties of NaY and HY zeolites were characterized by N2 adsorption. The adsorption and diffusion behavior of benzene on NaY and HY zeolites were studied by using Frequency Response (FR) and Intelligent Gravimetric Analysers (IGA ) technique. These results indicate that the interaction of benzene on NaY zeolite with the Na+ in the framework is greater than the interaction of benzene on HY zeolite with the B acid.In addition, the higher temperature is conducive to the spread of benzene in the zeolite. Different mass transfer processes and the strength of the force of the molecules in the microporous of these zeolites can be validly identified by FR technique. It is an effective way to study the dynamics of microporous materials.
Since polymeric microspheres have the ability of indepth profile control, nanopolymeric microspheres and coreshell macadam microspheres were chosen as the materials in the experiments. The slug injection, the order and ratio of the two different polymeric microspheres, and the ways of injection were systematically optimized. The experiment results show that compared with the highconcentration with shortslug and the lowconcentration with longslug, the midconcentration with midslug combined the above advantages, which can obtain a relatively more steady oil recovery ratio during a proper time. Utilization efficiency can be improved by injecting the coreshell macadam microspheres before injecting nanopolymeric microspheres during indepth profile control, and the best ratio is 1∶1 under the experiment conditions. The microspheres can be distributed more widely in the floor using interval injection, which is favorable for continued growth of oil recovery continually .
Decorating Silicon nanowires array (SiNWs array) with plasmonic Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) is a novel strategy to fabricate high efficient visiblelight photocatalysts. Introducing AgNPs in SiNWs array can enhance its light absorption while it also can cause more interfacial recombination sites. So, it is important to study the effect of AgNPs on SiNWs for sunlightdriven solar water splitting. In this report, different concentrations of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were used to decorate SiNWs arrayand fabricate photocatalysts. The results reveal that with the increase of AgNPs' concentration, the open circuit voltage decreases rapidly while the short circuit current first increases and then decreases. When AgNPs evenly distributed in the SiNWs with smaller concentration, the highest efficiency can be obtained. Briefly, the influence of AgNPs' concentration to SiNWs' photocatalytic ability is revealed in this paper.
The Fe2+, S2- and bacteria existed in polymercontained sewage can degrade polymer solution, resulting reduction of oil displacement efficiency. In this paper, three kinds of treatment technology, oxygen exposure, sterilization and combination of oxygen exposure and sterilization, are used to deal with polymercontained sewage, then the dealt polymercontained sewage is used to dilute polymer solution. By measuring viscosity of diluted polymer solution, the impact of three kinds of treatment technology on viscosity is analyzed. The reasonable treatment technology is determined, which provide beneficial theoretical support for ensuring the stability of polymer solution viscosity and enhancing oil recovery.
The conductivity of artificial fractures and coefficient of nonDarcy gas flow in gas wells are affected by many factors. It is difficult to predict them accurately through mathematical methods. To get a more accurate value through the experiments of actual fracture conductivity, laboratory tests are conducted to measure fracture permeability and nonDarcy flow coefficient βunder different conditions. Computational formula of productivity based on the experimental data is established and the influential factors of the production of the artificial fractured gas well are studied. The results show that closure pressure and sanding concentration are the most important factors affecting the productivity and that gaswater production will greatly decrease the productivity of the gas well. The optimization methods in fracturing design based on the experimental data is set, that is: obtaining fracture permeability and nonDarcy flow coefficient β under different conditions through nonDarcy flow experiments and twophase flow experiments, and then using them to forecast the productivity of fractured gas well, finally optimizing the fractured length, sanding concentration and other parameters accordingly.
In order to realize the efficient development for horizontal well in Sulige Gas Field and improve the ultimate gas recovery, the applicability of volume fracturing horizontal well were analyzed based on the mechanism of volume fracturing. By the method of numerical simulation of horizontal well, the conventional fracturing (3 Section) and volume fracturing (3 Section 2 clusters, 3 Section 3 clusters, 3 Section 4 clusters and 3 Section 5 clusters) were simulated compared two methods for fracturing. The results show that it has a relatively high content of quartz, natural microfracture development, low permeability in Sulige Gas Field, which can meet the basic conditions of implementing volume fracturing. According to the characteristic of gas reservoir，the rectangular impermeable lithological boundary were introduced to the conventional fracturing and volume fracturing model, and the flow velocity of gas to direction of crack was greatly slowed down. The stable period was longer than conventional fracturing, when volume fracturing was with same volume production and different number of the cluster scheme. At different stable final or at the end of 10, the volume of the fracturing degree of recovery increased with the increasing of clustersnumber. When production was 80 000 m3, volume fracturing advantages was more obvious compared with conventional fracturing. Pressure spread was made uniform by volume fracturing in fracture network, which can avoid the low pressure phenomenon caused by long time exploring.
For the problem of CO2 channeling along the fracture direction in 203 well area of Qiaojiawa block, Yanchang oilfield, CO2 flooding experiment under immiscible and miscible condition is carried out with homogeneous and heterogeneous artificial core. Meanwhile, heterogeneous gas channeling coefficient and oil displacement efficiency lower amplitude are introduced to study the influence of heterogeneity gas channeling on CO2 flooding quantitatively and analyse the influence of permeability differential and phase behavior on heterogeneity gas channeling. The experiment results show that the influence of permeability differential on heterogeneity gas channeling is obvious and there is a certain sensitive boundary. The sensitive boundary of permeability differential is about 15. It is sensitive when the permeability differential is lower than 15, and heterogeneous gas channeling coefficient and oil displacement efficiency decrease rapidly with the increasing of permeability differential. It is nonsensitive when the permeability differential is greater than 15. The relative strength of fingering gas channeling and heterogeneity gas channeling is bounded to permeability differential of K(3
Principle of litho electric experiment and threedimensional physical simulation system were used to research the swept law of binary. By the pressure recorder and resistivity measuring probe installed on the model, the change of the pressure and saturation in the model was accurately measured and swept law of the binary compound flooding system was evaluated. The results showed that the swept volume of low permeability layer was expanded by the binary system, and the sweep efficiency of the model was also improved. After binary flooding, the unswept areas mainly concentrated on both sides of the mainstream line in the layer of low and middle permeability, and there is unswept areas shunt online between the production wells because of the influence of border and injectionproduction well.
According to the WZAAX1 formation damage mainly caused by sealing oil based mud residue, the NHJDJ plugging removal agent was composed by flushing agent, organic solvent, emulsion preventative surfactant, clay inhibitor, organic acid and etc. The agent has a strong dispersion and cleaning ability to oilbased drilling mud, after soaking about 90% of the mud cake weight reduced. The core permeability recovery rate was above 90%, part of the permeability recovery rate even exceeded 100% in lab simulation plugging removal experiment. After filed application, the well fluid production index was increased to 12.8 times, the pump inlet flow pressure was raised by 5.7 MPa, oil production data rate was increased by 208 m3. So, 13.62×104 m3 oil was cumulative increased making good technological effect and economic benefit.
According to the characteristics of the water in low permeability oilfield, an integrated filter skid device is designed for wastewater treatment. Microfiltration membrane technology andauxiliary process of flocculation sedimentation are applied in this device. After using this device, the indexes including the content of suspended solids, the diameter of the suspended median particle and the content of oil meet the requirements of sewage reinjection in that oilfield. Then based on results of the microfiltration process, the factors which influence this process are analyzed. The effect of operating temperature and pressure is studied, and the optimum operating temperature and pressure of the metal membrane filter are obtained.
The effect of the inclined plate dissolved air flotation method on the treatment of oil bearing wastewater in oil field was studied. Influence of the different technological parameters, including inclined plate spacing, reflux ratio, surface load, coagulant dosage and bubble layer thickness, on the treatment effect of the inclined plate dissolved air flotation method was investigated, and the optimum parameters were determined. In view of the oil production wastewater treatment in an oilfield, compared with the traditional dissolved air flotation, the advantages of the continuous and stable treatment of the oil bearing wastewater by the inclined plate dissolved air flotation process were verified, and the oil content of the treated water was below 10 mg/L.
It is difficult to manage gathering & transportation pipelines because of their complicate operating conditions. Based on the Chuanping 4623 gathering & transportation pipeline in Changqing oilfield and its operating parameters. The appropriate models, such as flow pattern model, liquid holdup calculation model, pressure drop calculation model and wax deposition model, were selected by comparative analysis. Then, the variation of operating pressure, temperature, liquid holdup, effective inner diameter, gas/liquid superficial velocity and wax deposition rate with pipe distance and operating time was analyzed by programming and calculating the models. The simulating results showed that the wax deposition rate, pressure, temperature, liquid superficial velocity and liquid holdup reduced, while gas superficial velocity increased with the increasing of pipeline length (except for the first 60 meters). The wax deposition rate, temperature, gas/liquid superficial velocity increases, the pressure and liquid holdup decreased at the same node with the increase of operating time within 36 operating hours.
The three dimensional flow and mass transfer mathematical model of oilwater flow in the soil around underground pipeline is built using the finite volume methodo. The ground temperature change in different locations is numerical simulated by the CFD software when oil pipeline leaks in winter and the range of oil distribution in the soil. The simulation results show that there is a stable temperature field around the pipe before leak, while the changed of temperature fields and the oil distributions are different under three conditions after leak.
In order to improve the heat transfer efficiency of the twophase closed thermosyphon, different working conditions of the twophase closed thermosyphon under different working condition were simulated by the FLUENT software. Including,the twophase closed thermosyphon under the working condition of different influence of wall temperature of the evaporation zone, and the different filling factor of the evaporation zone on heat transfer efficiency was studied. The results showed that when the wall temperature of the evaporation was 570 K and the filling factor of the evaporation was 50%, the best heat transfer efficiency of the twophase closed thermosyphon was best.
The cracking branching is a new type of fracture problem. The classic Jiintegral has been further explored utilizing a partial integral path, from which an analytical solution of the energy release rate for modeⅡcrackbranching. The SIFs is determined for the crack based on the Jiintegral. When the singular stress field reaches its critical value, fracture will take place on the surface of boundary. The fracture of crackbranching is formulized and the critical load also is analytically derived by using the energy release rate of boundary translation.
