The Preparation and Properties of Phosphazene Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Ion Battery
YANG Ming-shan, LIU Jian-wei, YU Jin,et al
2010, 23 (1): 1-5. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2010.01.001
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 998KB ) ( ) 　　
Polydichlorophosphazene was synthesized from hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene by high-temperature decyclopolymerization, and poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol phosphazene)(MEEP) was synthesized by alcohol-Na⁺ reaction. The optimal synthesis parameters were obtained, and the structure of MEEP was analyzed by FT-IR, 31P -NMR, 13C-NMR and 1H-NMR. The results show that the product synthesized is MEEP compound. Then polyphosphazene electrolyte was prepared by mixing MEEP with LiCF₃SO₃ and its heat stability and ionic conductivity were determined. The results indicate that the electrolyte prepared has high thermo-decomposed temperature, its initial decomposing temperature is more than 200 ℃ and its room-temperature conductivity is up to 1.187×10^-4S/cm(25 ℃).
Related Articles | Metrics

Influence of pH on Photocatalytic Performances of Nanometer Bismuth Oxide Powders Prepared by Hydrothermal Synthesis Method
SUN Tong, GAO Jie, MU Bai-chun
2010, 23 (1): 6-9. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2010.01.002
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 1207KB ) ( ) 　　
Nanometer bismuth oxide powders were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method which used bismuth nitrate
solutions as crude material ,strong aqua ammonia as mineralizerd and chose pH in the range of 7~10. The photocatalytic
performances of the samples were estimated by degrading Rhodamine B .The results show that the reaction of photocatalytic
degradation of Rhodamine B follows the surface first law .When pH is 8.5 ,the photocatalytic performance is the optimal .Results of X － ray diffraction (XRD),Transmission electron microscopy (TEM ) and Infra － red (FT － IR) show that the
samples contain bismuth oxide,ammonium nitrate crystal .With pH increasing ,content of bismuth oxide increase and their
structures are excellent .The bismuth oxide powders are spherical shape or strip and connect to networks .When pH is8.5 ,the nanometer networks are even thickness and net wires are homogeneous .
Related Articles | Metrics

Stability of Viscosity of Polymer and ASP Solution Prepared by Produced Water After Aeration
JIA Ling-zhi, ZHANG Chun-ling, BAI Yun-peng,et al
2010, 23 (1): 10-15. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2010.01.003
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 963KB ) ( ) 　　
Because of the low viscosity of the solution prepared by common produced water, the oil recovery was not high. Therefore, the solution has to be prepared with tap water or other water of high quality, which leads to high consumption of fresh water. Produced water after aeration was used to prepare hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) or alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) solution. The thermal stability of the prepared solutions was investigated. The influences of shear, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), the alkali and the viscosity stabilizer on the solution viscosity were also investigated. The experiment results show that shear degradation is the major factor in viscosity loss of the solutions and the aeration had good effect to reduce the viscosity loss caused by SRB. The experiment results also show that the HPAM solution has a better capability to keep viscosity in the presence of viscosity stabilizer when it is subjected to 30-day aging, and so do the ASP solution when alkali and viscosity stabilizer are present.
Related Articles | Metrics

Effect of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer on the Zeta Potential of Wax Crystal
SONG Zhao-zheng, TANG Fei, ZHENG Ai-ping,et al
2010, 23 (1): 16-18. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2010.01.004
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 476KB ) ( ) 　　
The effects of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer（EVA） on the Zeta potential of wax crystals were studied by micro-electrophoretic equipment. The results show that when EVA content is low, the Zeta potential increases with EVA content. When EVA content reaches 600 μg/g, the Zeta potential（9.8 mV） doesn't increase with the increasing of EVA content. When the average carbon atom number of ethylene chain reaches 30 or so, the Zeta potential reaches the maximum 10.86 mV. When VA chain content reaches 45%, the Zeta potential reaches the maximum 15.0 mV. When the branch degree of EVA increases, the Zeta potential of wax crystals reduces. When the average molecular weight of EVA reaches 1.2×10⁴, the Zeta potential reaches the maximum 11.8 mV. 
Related Articles | Metrics

Catalytic Properties of Ultrafine SiO₂ Supported Amphiphilic Phosphine-Rh Complex Catalyst
PENG Qing-rong, HOU Shi-cong, ZHANG Chun-rong,et al
2010, 23 (1): 19-22. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2010.01.005
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 810KB ) ( ) 　　
Because of the lower activity of higher olefins in aqueous／organic biphasic catalysis system and the catalyst
separation of homogeneous catalysts ，ultrafine SiO₂ nanoparticles were used as supports to immobilize amphiphilic phosphine －
complex to obtain supported catalysts for hydroformylation of 1 － hexene ．Compared to the supported aqueous － phase catalysts
（SAPC） on ultrafine SiO_２ support ，the ultrafine SiO₂ － supported catalyst with amphiphilic phosphine － complex presented a
higher hydroformylation performance over a relatively wider range of support hydration ．Since the water was distilled to organic
phase for more times recycled catalysts ，the drawbacks of ultrafine SiO_２ supported water － soluble phosphine － Rh complexes
catalyst could be avoided by using supported liquid － phase catalyst prepared by using amphiphilic phosphine － Rh complexes ，
obtaining higher activity and selectivity of hydroformylation ．
Related Articles | Metrics

Refinery Residual Sludge Reduction Technologies by Using Multi-Function Microbe
ZHANG Zhong-zhi, ZHONG Wei-zhang, MU Hong-yan
2010, 23 (1): 23-26. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2010.01.006
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 1237KB ) ( ) 　　
The refinery residual sludge reduction using multi-function microbe,which consists of mixed yeast strains,photosynthetic bacteria and mixed bacteria was studied. After a period of research time,the excess sludge reduction experiment shows that function microbe was improved the reduced effect of excess sludge significantly.The results show that compared with blank test,MLSS removed rate of the sludge are increased by 13.81% for mixed yeast strains,by 30.58% for mixed photosynthetic strains and by 37.94% for mixed microflora.Sedimentation performance of excess sludge is improved after the activity of the multi-function microbe.The pH value is all gradually reduced.The effect of multi-function microbe degeneration changed the component of petroleum obviously.It strengthened the degeneration degree of normal hydrocarbons that have low and moderate carbon.The multi-function microbe environment is favorable to degenerate the high-carbon hydrocarbons into the low-carbon hydrocarbons.
Related Articles | Metrics

The Effects of Bromination Condition on the Microstructure of Brominated Butyl Rubbe
ZHANG Yang, LI Shu-xin, GUO Wen-li
2010, 23 (1): 27-29. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2010.01.007
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 537KB ) ( ) 　　
Brominated butyl rubber was prepared by solution method, and its microstructures were characterized by 1H-NMR. It has three main microstructures, that is the unbrominated isoprene structure (structureⅠ), the exomethylene allylic bromide structure (structure Ⅱ) and the bromomethyl olefinic structure (structure Ⅲ). The effects of contact time, residence time and pH after neutralization on microstructures were investigated. The results show that the brominated reaction is complete in 1.5 initial contact minutes, and prolonging contact time or under alkaline condition can accelerate isomerization of brominated butyl rubber from structure to structure Ⅲ.
 
Related Articles | Metrics

Preparation of Superabsorbent With Gracilaria Lemaneiformis Under Microwave Irradiation and Its Performances
XU Ping-fan, LIU Ming-hua, HUANG Piao-piao,et al
2010, 23 (1): 30-33. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2010.01.008
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 979KB ) ( ) 　　
To prepare a kind of superabsorbent polymers by gracilaria lemaneiformis，superabsorbent polymer was synthesized by means of microwave irradiation. Acrylic acid and acrylamide were grafted onto gracilaria lemaneiformis by using potassium persulfate as an initiator in the presence of N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker. The univariate analysis was visually analyzed to choose the optimal conditions. The structure of LSAP was confirmed while the absorbing properties, swelling rate and water retention were investigated. The optimum conditions show that the mass ratio of monomer to gracilaria lemaneiformis is 2∶1, the mass amount of initiator is 0.4%, the mass amount of crosslinker is 0.06% and the microwave power is 500 W respectively. Under the optimum condition, the absorbency of LSAP is up to 1 102 g/g in deionized water, 104 g/g in NaCl and 86.1 g/g in artificial urine, respectively. The performance test of LSAP indicates that it has faster absorbent velocity and excellent water retention. 
Related Articles | Metrics

Influence of Rejuvenators on Recycled Asphalts in Temperature Susceptibility
LI Jin, WANG Jin-feng, XU Meng,et al
2010, 23 (1): 34-38. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2010.01.009
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 665KB ) ( ) 　　
Three kinds of simulation aged asphalt were recycled by three different rejuvenators ． Penetration index and
viscosity temperature susceptibility were used to evaluate temperature susceptibility of recycled asphalts ． All of the three
rejuvenators recover the aged asphalts in temperature susceptibility at low and mid － high temperature ． The effect of
rejuvenator C is better than others ． No obvious laws are found at middle temperature ， the rejuvenators increase the aged
asphalts temperature susceptibilities ．Rejuvenator A decreases the temperature susceptibility at high temperature ，however B
and C increase a little ．With the components analysis of rejuvenators it can be concluded that saturates decrease the temperature
susceptibility of high temperature ，while the aromatics can increase it at high temperature ．
Related Articles | Metrics

Synthesis, Characterization and Hydrogen Storage Capacity of MIL-53
SUN Li-na, YIN Zuo-juan, ZHANG Xiao-tong,et al
2010, 23 (1): 39-42. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2010.01.010
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 1611KB ) ( ) 　　
Three-dimensional network structure of the metal-organic frameworks(MOFs), MIL-53(Cr)as and MIL-53(Al)as, was hydrothermally synthesized by heating a mixture of 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid(H2BDC), water, chromium nitrate, and aluminum nitrate for three days at 220 ℃. The samples were then calcinated at 300 ℃ and 330 ℃, respectively, to obtaine MIL-53(Cr)ht and MIL-53(Al)ht. The structure, composition and hydrogen storage properties of the materials were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), intelligent weight analyzer (IGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectrometer (IR) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TG). The results show that the unique breathing effect of the metal-organic frameworks MIL-53, especially the MIL-53(Al)ht which possesses a high surface area, large pore volume and diameter, makes a beter hydrogen absorption performance.
Related Articles | Metrics

Theoretical Study on Potential Energy Surface of the Singlet Promising Interstellar Molecule PSiCP
LI Fei,WANG Chan, ZHANG Feng-hua,et al
2010, 23 (1): 43-46. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2010.01.011
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 832KB ) ( ) 　　
The potential energy surface of the promising interstellar molecule PSiCP was calculated at the density functional theory and ab initio level. At the B3LYP/6-311G(d) level, eight isomers connected by ten transition states were located on the potential energy surface. At the QCISD level, three isomers cSiPCP 1，PSiCP 7 and SiCPP 8 possess considerable kinetic stability. The bonding nature and spectroscopic parameters were analyzed, which will be helpful for the future astrophysical detection and the synthesis in the laboratory.
Related Articles | Metrics

A Convenient Synthesis of Acaricide Propargite
LIU Lin, XUE Shou-qing, QIAN Jian-hua, MA Cheng-xiang
2010, 23 (1): 47-49. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2010.01.012
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 305KB ) ( ) 　　
2-(4-tert-butyl-phenoxy) cyclohexanol was synthesized through the reaction of 4-tert-butylphenol with epoxycyclohexane in the presence of catalyst, and through two steps of thionyl chloride derivatives alcoholysis, neutralization to produce propargite under condition of 15 ℃. 1NMR and IR were performed to determine the structure of intermediates and final product. The results show that the analytical sample is identical to authentic, and the chemical structure and the quality of this compound agreed with those of imported samples. Factors influencing the reaction yield were studied, such as feeding mode and reactions times. The optimum technical condition: 2-(4-tert-butyl-phenoxy) cyclohexanol is prepared from 4-tert-butylphenol and epoxycyclohexane and then thionyl chloride derivatives alcoholysis chlorinated sulfoxides to get intermediates. Intermediates reacted with propargyl alcohol in the presence of toluene to obtain the target material of 2-(4-tert-butyl-phenoxy) cyclohexanol. The total yield can be reach to 82% (based on 4-tert-butyl-phenol) and the purity is 98%.
Related Articles | Metrics

Rheological Characterization of SBR Modified Asphalts Under Oxidation and Sulfurization
CUI Wen-feng, OU Yan-wei, JIN Yong, WANG Yun-pu
2010, 23 (1): 50-54. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2010.01.013
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 465KB ) ( ) 　　
Polymer modified asphalts were prepared with SBR, XSBR,SBS under oxidation or sulfurization conditions using a special mixing technique. The low temperature properties of the binders were greatly improved, the dynamic mechanical properties of SBR-modified asphalts before and after oxidation or sulfurization were characterized at -30~100 ℃ by using dynamic shear rheometry. The results show that the addition of SBR1500 increased the binder elasticity at low temperature. And sulfurization modification is improved the complex modolus G* and elasticity property at high temperature, when G*/sinδ=1 kPa, the temperature of PMA is 10 ℃ higher  than the base asphalts after sulfurization,  also the δ became smaller than the base asphalts, their temperature susceptibility is reduced to a great extent.It indicates that the viscoelasticity of the modified binder had been improved effectively at the high temperature. And the temperature susceptibility of the vulcanized-SBR asphalts were reduced to a great extent, their properties were improved apparently from low to high temperature, their application would be developed widely in the high
temperature environment conditions.
Related Articles | Metrics

Two-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Friction Hydro Pillar Processing by Computational Fluid Dynamics
CHEN Zhong-hai, CHEN Jia-qing, JIAO Xiang-dong, et al
2010, 23 (1): 55-59. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2010.01.014
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 1416KB ) ( ) 　　
A two － dimensional axisymmetric model of friction hydro pillar processing （FHPP） was established base on
Gambit software ．Using the commercial computational fluid dynamics software Fluent ， the numerical simulation of plastic
metal flow pattern was carried out in steady phase of FHPP ．While keeping the other parameters constantly during the process
of numerical simulation ，the velocity field and static pressure field distribution change of ideal metal plastic fluid during the
forming process were analyzed by changing only one critical parameter respectively ，such as the radial clearance between metal
stud and the base hole ，the material viscosity ，the rotary speed of metal stud ，the feed rate of metal stud and the bottom shape
of the base hole ．The result show that the static pressure distribution of plastic metal is affected remarkably by the feed rate （i ．
e ．the axial force） and the material viscosity of metal stud ，and has little to do with the rotary speed and the radial clearance ．
Although the feed rate and the radial clearance have little influence on the velocity distribution of plastic metal ，the effect of
rotary speed is relatively remarkable ，especially for the material neighboring to the wall of the velocity inlet and nearby the
metal stud ．The flow condition of the plastic metal material can be improved by changing the bottom shape of the base hole ，
which can also reveal the reason why there exist some defects at the bottom of the hole ．The above － mentioned research can
provide some guidance to the future experimental study adopting appropriate parametric combination ，and can also lay solid
foundation for the future numerical simulation by thermo － mechanical coupling ．
Related Articles | Metrics

Fluid Structure Interaction Vibration of Pipes Conveying Fluid
LI Ming, GONG Jing, LI Qing-ping，WANG Li-jia
2010, 23 (1): 60-65. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2010.01.015
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 1615KB ) ( ) 　　
Based on the four － equation model describing the fluid structure interaction （FSI） in axial vibration for liquid －
filled piping system ， the effects of Poisson ，friction and junction coupling on the axial response of the piping system were
studied ．The method of characteristics （MOC） was described in detail and the transient response of the reservoir － pipe － valve
system to instantly valve closure was numerically simulated ．The numerical analyses show that the FSI can not be ignored ．The
Friction coupling is less important while the junction and Poisson coupling are more important ．The common calculation models
of pressure wave speed were reviewed ，the optimization calculation model was recommended and the effects of void fraction on
the speed were analyzed ，aiming at providing a theoretical guide for further study of the FSI analysis of gas － liquid two － phase
flow pipes
Related Articles | Metrics

Research on Constant-Pressure Cake Filtration Process Based on Visual Basic
NIE Xin, ZHANG Jian-wei
2010, 23 (1): 66-70. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2010.01.016
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 1018KB ) ( ) 　　
With the study of the basic equation in the filtration process ，in order to reduce the workload of the filtration
experiment ，the method was provided using the computer simulation studies on the filtration process ． The cake formation
process was divided into a number of hypothetical increments ．A suitable constant pressure cake filtration simulation program
was designed using the time increments and VB programming language ． Through the program ， a number of relevant
parameters and results can be simulated ．Which propose a reliable new method of the study in cake filtration process ．
Related Articles | Metrics

Numerical Simulation on Phase Change Heat Transfer of Ground-Source Heat Pump System in Cold Region
ZHENG Ping，WU Ming，ZHANG Guo-zhong,et al
2010, 23 (1): 71-74. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2010.01.017
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 833KB ) ( ) 　　
According to heat transfer and filtration theory ，mathematical model and its control equation of ground － source
heat pump in cold climate were put forward ．The in heating situation was simulated by using finite element method to ground
－ source heat pump heating of the Daqing oil field in winter ．By comparison with and without consideration of soil freezing ，the
results show that the phase change latent heat could reflect the heat transfer effect ． The soil freezing can increase thermal
conductivity ，which is beneficial to the heating effect and pump efficiency ．
Related Articles | Metrics

Research on Low Flow Operation Characteristic of QinJing Pipeline Transports JiDong Crude Oil
MA Wei-ping,LI Li，HUANG Qi-yu
2010, 23 (1): 75-79. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2010.01.018
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 717KB ) ( ) 　　
According to CNPC plan and low flow operation necessity of QinJing pipeline transports JiDong crude oil after 2008, the basic physical characteristic and rheological characteristic of JiDong crude oil were investigated. The best heating treatment temperature of JiDong crude oil was 60 ℃. The best benefication PPD of JiDong crude oil was selected, with pour point decreased 13.5 ℃ and viscosity decreasing rate up to 86.6 percent. The operation scheme of QinJing pipeline transports 2.8×106 t/a JiDong crude oil was also established. In allusion to the low flow operation characteristic of QinJing pipeline transports JiDong crude oil, such as heat load capability, wax deposition law, energy expenditure, optimized pigging plan and the flow transformation law of the PPD benefited oil were studied in detail. The maximum of wax deposition thckness was 50.24 mm, and optimized pigging period was 34 days in winter operation condition of QinJing pipeline transports JiDong crude oil. The research production provided safe guarantee and technology support for QinJing pipeline transports JiDong crude oil after 2008.
Related Articles | Metrics

Selection of Foam Agent and Adaptability of Formation for Nitrogen Foam Displacement
YUE Yu-quan,ZHENG Zhi-chu,ZHANG Shi-min
2010, 23 (1): 80-85. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2010.01.019
Abstract ( ) 　　
Nitrogen foam displacement is an alternative technique for heavy oil and can enhance the oil recovery ．Foam agent is
optimally selected from several ones based on foam performance by static and dynamic tests ．Visual experiments are performed
to study the adaptability of formation ， and it is show that oil recovery is lower in heterogeneous formation than that in
homogeneous formation ．However ，under condition of residual oil ，the increment of recovery in heterogeneous formation is
larger than that in homogeneous one ．The more heterogeneous the porous media is ，the higher the increment of oil recovery and
the better the efficiency of foam displacement ．
Related Articles | Metrics

AnImageRetrievalMethodBasedonUserRegionsofInterest
LI Li－jun
2010, 23 (1): 86-88. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2010.01.020
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 298KB ) ( ) 　　
The image retrieval system based on the global characteristics couldn摧t meet the needs of users ． In order to
overcome this shortcoming ，the image retrieval algorithm based on the user regions of interest was proposed ．This algorithm
based on the principle of discriminant saliency ，could extract the user regions of interest effectively without segmentation ．
Experimental results show this method is easily manipulated ，and has better performance than image retrieval based on global
characteristics ．
Related Articles | Metrics

Optimization of Modeling Nonlinear Programming for Refinery Production and Inventory Schedule
SUN Zai-guan,LI Shu-rong,YAN Wei
2010, 23 (1): 89-92. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2010.01.021
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 475KB ) ( ) 　　
Considering the demand of energy consumption and inventory in refinery production schedule ，on account of a
refinery practical situation ， the global model which includes four process units such as atmospheric vacuum distillation ，
catalytic cracker ， solvent oil equipment and gas separation equipment were established ． The objective function of the
optimization is to maximize the profits of the whole refinery ． The decision variables are every output of the product ． The
constraints in the optimization include mass balance ， equipment processing and quality demand ． The energy consumption
constraint and inventory constraint with integral form was presented ．Transforming the model to nonlinear programming and
solving it by matrix least square method ，an example in the end proves the validity of this model ．
Related Articles | Metrics

Differential Evolution Algorithm With Control Parameter Co-Evolution and Its Application
FAN Qin-qin, YAN Xue-feng
2010, 23 (1): 93-98. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2010.01.022
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 470KB ) ( ) 　　
In order to implement dynamic and self-adaptive adjustment of control parameter with population evolution, a novel differential evolution algorithm with control parameter co-evolution (DE-CPCE) was proposed. In DE-CPCE, control parameter were designed as the symbiotic individual of original individual, and each original individual had its own symbiotic individual. Differential evolution operator was applied to search the global optimization solution of problem; meanwhile, it was also employed to co-evolve the population consisting of symbiotic individuals according to the evolution efficiencies of original individuals. Thus, with the evolution of the population consisting of original individuals in DE-CPCE, control parameter were dynamically and self-adaptively adjusted and the real-time optimum control parameter were obtained. The results of the experiments show that control parameter of DE-CPCE have dynamic and self-adaptive property; the probability and precision of obtaining the global optimization solution, and the convergence are all better than those of DE/rand/1, DE/best/1, DE/rand-to-best/1, DE/rand/2, DE/best/2, self-adaptive Pareto DE and self-adaptive DE. Further, DE-CPCE is applied to estimate the kinetic model parameter of   oxidation, and the result is better than that of the reference.
Related Articles | Metrics