NiO/Al2O3 was prepared using nickel nitrate and aluminum oxide as the precursor, sodium hydroxide as the precipitating agent by coprecipitation method which was applied in the hydrogenation of lanolin as a catalyst. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction pressure, reaction time and the mass fraction of catalyst on the depth of lanolin hydrogenation was measured by the saponification value. The results show that the optimal conditions are as follows: the mass fraction of catalyst is 5%, reaction pressure of 18 MPa, reaction time of 5 h at 300 ℃, and the depth of lanolin hydrogenation can be up to 93.47%.
Methanol colloids of the coordinated europium oxide were prepared by colloids precipitation method with ligands of thienyltrifluroacetone (TTA) and 1,10phenanthroline (phen). The effect of concentration of NaOH on fluorescent properties and structure of nanoparticles of the coordinated europium oxide were characterized by fluorescent spectra, UV spectra (UVVis) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results show that the nano europium oxide particles coordinated by TTA and phen can irradiate intense red light under ultraviolet radiation, and their fluorescence spectra presents typical characteristic emission peaks of Eu3+ ions. Different NaOH concentration has a great effect on the fluorescence intensity of nano europium oxide methanol colloids. The HRTEM and selected area electron diffraction (SED) results show that the core of the nanoparticles are europium oxide microcrystals with the size less than 10 nm. As this kind of the coordinated europium oxide colloid can emitted strong red fluorescence, it can be used as excellent luminescent materials in the future.
Micellar properties of ionic liquid surfactant, 1tetradecyl3methylimidazolium bromide (C14mimBr) were investigated by means of electrical conductometry with emphasis on the influence of cosolventwater content and temperature. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the degree of counterion association (g) were calculated from the electrical data. The thermodynamic parameters applied an equilibrium model for micelle formation were obtained. It turned out that the standard Gibbs energies of micellization (ΔGm) was always negative indicating the spontaneity of micelle formation, but it is roughly independent of temperature. In EGpoor mixtures, the micelle formation is affected by entropyenthalpy compensation, whereas it is driven by enthalpy in EGrich mixtures.
For the furfural extraction column of Chinese Dalian petrochemical company, the calibration on its number of theoretical plates was done by using the method of multi-stage static extraction simulation. The results show that the theoretical plate number in the column was 2 to 3 blocks. If operation conditions of the plant remained unchanged, at least four theoretical plates will be needed for the existing furfural extraction column to produce lubricating base oil meeting the quality requirement of acid value. The Pilot plant with four theoretical plates was used to verify the results. Under [KG*4]the [KG*4]operating [KG*4]conditions [KG*4]equivalent to [KG*4]that [KG*4]of [KG*4]the [KG*4]industrial [KG*4]plant, the yield of refined oil is 76%, viscosity index is 106, and acid value is 0.017 4 mg (KOH) /g, meeting quality specification of HVI400SN lubricant base oil.
Inner oil tank wall corrosion products are mainly iron oxide red, iron oxide black and iron hydroxide. These corrosion products can react with hydrogen sulfide in the tank. The spontaneous oxidation and heatrelease of sulfide productiron sulfides is the main cause of the fires in the oil tanks. The reaction in oil tanks was simulated and the oxidation tendency of iron sulfides formed was studied by observing the temperature change. Results show that the pyrophorisity of various sulfide products are different. SEM and EDS analysis indicate that the distribution of elements in different sulfurized products are similar and the pyrophorisity between iron sulfides might be related to their structural differences.
The solidbase catalyst (Na/SiO2) were prepared by solgel method using NaOH，TEOS and ethanol as raw materials. A biodiesel fatty acid methyl ester was produced by ransesterification of soybean oil with methanol using the catalyst. The effects of calcination temperature, Na/Si molar ratio, methanol/oil molar ratio, the amount of catalyst and, reaction time on the yield were investigated. The experimental results reveal that calcination temperature 600 ℃, Na/SiO2 molar ratio of 2∶1, catalyst amount of 7% and molar ratio of methanol to oil of 15∶1 exhibited the best catalytic activity for the reaction. The catalyst show high activity under the conditions of reacting 3 h and the conversion of soybean oil is found to be 97.42%. The excellent stability of catalyst has been observed.
By using P123 as the sole template and under hydrothermal condition, the ZSM5/SBA15 composite molecular sieves were prepared by postsynthesis method. Catalyst was prepared by loading different ratio of ZrSO4 on the carrier and characterized by means of XRD、BET and N2 adsorptiondesorption. The results show that the composite molecular sieve exhibited the properties of both mesoporous SBA15 and microporous ZSM5, the introduction of appropriate amount of ZrSO4 may not change the structure of the composite molecular sieve, but the intensity of diffraction peaks decreased. The oxidative desulfurization of model oil (500 μg/g) was investigated by the proportion of Zr ion, reaction temperature, reaction time and so on. The desulfurization rate is 84.56% under the optimal conditions: 30 mL of oil, 0.08 g of tetrabutyl ammonium bromide as phase transfer catalyst, reaction temperature of 50 ℃, reaction time of 120 min, catalyst to oil ratio (mass ratio of the catalyst and model oil) of 1∶40 and the volumn ratio of hydrogen peroxide and oil of 0.02.
The crude oil fractions (saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes) were obtained by classic SARA method. The acidic components were extracted from Dongxin crude oil by using NaOH/EtOH mixed solution. The interfacial tension and dilational rheological properties of all crude oil components were investigated at the kerosenewater interface by means of oscillating drop method. The results show that all crude oil components have interfacial active and can reduce the interfacial tension, and saturates can reduce interfacial tension dramatically at high bulk concentration due to the hydrolysis of esters. Their interfacial dilational elasticity passes through a maximum with increasing bulk concentration. The order of maximum values of elasticityis saturates>aromatics≈asphaltenes>acidic components≈resins. Wax precipitates from saturatesat high concentration,which greatly enhances the strength of interfacial film and provides high value of elasticity, and interfacial reaction results in high value of viscosity.
A borefild in Sulige gas field, as the development experimental zone of this block, has built 1 billion square production after more than two years' pilot development. In this area， a set of effective thinking and method of research has formed about the fine geologic research. On the one hand, according to the characteristics of low porosity, low permeability and fluvial facies sand body developed, synthesizing all kinds of static and dynamic development data. The fine reservoir 3D visualized geological model was established and the areal channel sand body distribution was carved, which provide geological guarantee for the overall development of horizontal well and horizontal well geologic trace and implementation. Meanwhile, the regional distribution rule of remaining gas was gained, providing the reference for implementing horizontal wells step by step. On the other hand, based on unstructured grid used for depicting fracture system, through the gas reservoir numerical simulation, deployment parameters of horizontal well pattern, well spacing etc., are optimized and demonstrated, and reasonable values of parameters are gained, which provides reference to similar other fields for overall development.
Research of reservoir protection technology for low permeability and medium to strong water sensitivity oil reservoir：Taking Qiang 1 block in Liaohe oilfield as an example. Reservoir property of qiang 1 block is poor，belongs to the low porosity, low to ultralow permeability reservoir and high content of clay,water sensitivity of it is medium to strong.Reservoir protection measures for waterflooding in these reservoir was particularly critical. In view of this, the related critical value parameters was identified in all kinds of wokingfluid injected, as the same time, the studies of anti swelling agent selection and injected water quality were carried out, which choice anti swelling effect of 12 kinds of anti swelling agent in use of centrifugal method and Xray diffraction method,and further optimize injection mode and injection concentration. The result shows that 6#antiswelling agent effect is good, the scene can be injected high concentration(1%) slug, after can be continuously injected antiswelling agent in concentration of 0.5%, Finally, qiang1 block is successfully impled of wate injection development, injection pressure of the block is stable, and the block reached requirement of daily injection allocation volume.
Drilling is a complex transient process. Speed will reduce instantly when drillstring hits a hard rock suddenly and an accelerate process follows it until the speed accelerates to normal value. To observe the dynamic characteristics of drillstring in this case, using the finite element software "ANSYS" to analyze a constant speed process and accelerate processes of drillstring system in vertical well and gets the discipline of drillstring's vibration. The results show that after hitting hard rocks, the collision between drillstring and the borehole wall will happen for the hitting effect between rocks and bit, and the collision strength has a great relationship with acceleration time, if the acceleration time is short, the collision is slight and the force is small; if the acceleration time is long, the vibration will be exacerbated significantly, the collision is more serious and the force increases. In a word, the variable speed of drillstring exacerbates its vibration.
Threshold pressure gradient has an important influence to low permeability reservoir production. According to the site to obtain core laboratory experiments to strike threshold pressure gradient and draw permeability threshold pressure gradient plates. The dynamic simulation mathematical model of reservoir production considering threshold pressure gradient was established. The different threshold pressure gradient on the reservoir production performance was examined under the conditions of formation average permeability and provide guidance onsite low permeability reservoir development.The results show that with the threshold pressure gradient increases,liquid production, the degree of recovery, anhydrous degree of recovery have a decreasing trend and a slight increase in the moisture content. Threshold pressure gradient has an important influence on the balanced injection,the well. Water injection with threshold pressure gradient increases gradually reduced.
The welding of austenitic stainless steel with low alloy heatresistant steel was usually used in the connection of convection tubes which can be found in power station boiler. These two materials were significantly different in the composition and organization. The carbon may diffuse if the two dissimilar joints were in the high temperature conditions, forming a recarburization zone and a decarburization zone. After the aging treatment for the dissimilar joint at 500 ℃/100 h and observing the changes of the composition and the microstructure on both sides of the fusion zone, The result show that， after the aging time, the carbon content increased in the fusion zone and a large number of carbide precipitated, granular bainite and upper bainite in the base material under welding degraded and transformed into ferrite and sorbite.
The steam quality is a major factor during the steam drive process. The reasons of the lower steam quality for the conventional oncethrough steam boiler in the oilfield were analyzed and discussed. The superheat, the steam separator and the fizzy mixer were added and designed in the former and conventional producing steam structure. And then, the efficiency of heavy oil recovery increased when the steam quality increased to 100% or more under the normal water quality, and the new process reached the requirement of steam quality during the steam drive process.
Accurate calculation of drill string’s hanging load is an important and crucial part in liner cementing process. The article analyse and research the stress about analysis of the drill-pipe，draw lessons from "Soft String Model", the drill string was divided into three parts which was vertical interval, deflecting interval and angle maintaining interval in this paper and formula to calculate hanging load & friction of each part was deduced through analysis of forces. Arc model and infinitesimal calculus were used in deflecting interval calculation. The calculation results tally with field actual weighting result, which verifies the rationality of the formula，that is worthy of popularization.
Pigging operation is a necessary part of the oil and gas pipeline production process, and it has great significance for the pipeline safety operation management.For pier offloading, pigging must be done when the type of oil revenues is change in the same pipeline. So a mathematical model of the nitrogen through ball pigging was established on the basis of analyzing the comprehensive influence of pigging medium on the product oil pipeline. Taking Tianjin port pier offloading pipeline for example, the calculation was done. The amount of nitrogen, inlet pressure and the pigging ball position at different time in the pipeline was obtained. The calculation results can provide some basis for the actual engineering design.
According to the theory of selfexcited oscillation pulsed jet and the wall friction reduction, vibration,diameter changes pipe and natural gas increasing device flow was simulated and analyzed. The results show that, when natural gas flow through increasing device,the pressure fluctuate in collision, radial circulation cause wall there radial vibration. Compared with ordinary diameter changes pipe,the pressure has significantly reduced then entrance exit. Turbulent kinetic energy vary considerably. In the same conditions, the pressure is reduced and pipe gas transmission is increased significantly.
For the BZ294 project, the completed pigging of subsea pipeline had been successfully carried out before putting into production. The selection of pig and calculation of technical parameters had been introduced and the biggest feature of pigging was to make maximum use of facilities and process of existing platforms to save labor cost and temporary devices. According to the practical experience, some issues of pigging operation need to be focused, and can be used for reference in the future similar project.
