Abstract: The solidbase catalyst (Na/SiO₂) were prepared by solgel method using NaOH，TEOS and ethanol as raw materials. A biodiesel fatty acid methyl ester was produced by ransesterification of soybean oil with methanol using the catalyst. The effects of calcination temperature, Na/Si molar ratio, methanol/oil molar ratio, the amount of catalyst and, reaction time on the yield were investigated. The experimental results reveal that calcination temperature 600 ℃, Na/SiO₂ molar ratio of 2∶1, catalyst amount of 7% and molar ratio of methanol to oil of 15∶1 exhibited the best catalytic activity for the reaction. The catalyst show high activity under the conditions of reacting 3 h and the conversion of soybean oil is found to be 97.42%. The excellent stability of catalyst has been observed.

Key words: Biodiesel,    , Na/SiO₂,    ,  Transesterification,    , Solgel

摘要： 以NaOH、正硅酸乙酯和乙醇为原料经溶胶凝胶法制备新型固体碱催化剂（Na/SiO₂），将该催化剂用于催化大豆油与甲醇的酯交换反应制备生物柴油，考察了催化剂焙烧温度、n(NaOH)/n(SiO₂)、n(甲醇)/n(大豆油)，催化剂质量分数和反应时间对收率的影响。结果表明，固体碱催化剂Na/SiO₂在大豆油与甲醇的酯交换反应中具有很高的催化活性，当催化剂焙烧温度为600 ℃、n(NaOH)/n(SiO₂)为2∶1、n(甲醇)/n(大豆油)为15∶1、催化剂质量分数为7%、反应时间3 h，酯交换反应转化率可达97.42%。该催化剂在稳定性试验中呈现出优良的稳定性。

关键词: 生物柴油,  , Na/SiO₂ ,  , 酯交换反应 ,  , 溶胶灢凝胶