层状双金属氢氧化物电催化剂的合成与应用研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-396X.2022.05.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

层状双金属氢氧化物（LDHs）具有层内离子可变、层间阴离子可交换以及反应表面较大的特点，因而表现出优异的电催化析氢和析氧性能。此外，基于LDHs的衍生物能够实现催化剂材料的多功能化和性能的增强，使其在众多领域均表现出显著的优势和良好的应用前景。系统分析了LDHs层板结构的可调变性、可剥层及组装性、结构记忆效应等性质，以及剥层法、共沉淀法和水热合成法等LDHs高效电催化剂的常用制备方法，综述了LDHs及其复合衍生物在电解水析氧反应、析氢反应、乙醇电催化氧化反应、氧还原反应等电催化领域的应用研究，并对LDHs所涉及的问题和解决方案进行了分析及展望。

关键词: 层状双金属氢氧化物, LDHs衍生物, 催化剂, 电催化, 二维材料

Abstract:

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) exhibit excellent performance of electrocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen evolution due to their variable ions within layers,exchangeability of anions between layers,and large reaction surfaces.In addition,LDHs?based derivatives can equip catalysts with multiple functions and better performance,which show significant advantages and excellent application prospects in many fields.In this paper,the properties of LDHs?based lamellar structure,such as tunable property,ability to be delaminated and assembled,and structural memory effect,as well as common preparation methods involved in LDHs?based high?efficiency electrocatalysts,such as the delamination method,co?precipitation method,and hydrothermal method have been stematically analyzed.In addition,the applications of LDHs and their compound derivatives were systematically reviewed in electrocatalytic fields,including the oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction by water electrolysis, the electrocatalytic oxidation reaction of ethanol,and the oxygen reduction reaction.Finally,the problems and solutions involved in LDHs materials were analyzed and predicted.

Key words: Layered double hydroxides, LDHs derivatives, Catalyst, Electrocatalysis, Two?dimensional materials

中图分类号:

TQ11

许雪容, 彭祥. 层状双金属氢氧化物电催化剂的合成与应用研究进展[J]. 石油化工高等学校学报, 2022, 35(5): 1-11.

Xuerong Xu, Xiang Peng. Research Progress in Preparation and Application of Layered Double Hydroxides Electrocatalysts[J]. Journal of Petrochemical Universities, 2022, 35(5): 1-11.

图/表 8

图1 LDHs的晶体结构示意图

Fig.1 Schematic crystal structure of LDHs

图2 不同n（M2+)/n(M3+)的碳酸盐夹层LDHs的结构示意图

Fig.2 Scheme of carbonate interlayer LDHs with different mole ratio of M2+/M3+

图3 无机或有机阴离子层间交换的LDHs结构示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of LDHs exchanged of inorganic or organic anions between layers

图4 LDHs焙烧和重组后层状结构和方镁石结构示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of the layered structure and periclase structure after calcination and recombination of LDHs

图5 Ar等离子体剥离CoFe?LDHs纳米片示意图

Fig.5 Scheme of CoFe?LDHs nanosheets exfoliated by Ar plasma

图6 Ni基LDHs/GQDs纳米片的组装示意图

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of the assembly of Ni?based LDHs/GQDs nanosheet

图7 LDHs在甲酰胺中的剥离示意图

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of delamination for LDHs in formamide

图8 具有核壳结构的NiCo2O4@FeNi?LDHs双功能型电催化剂示意图和锌空气电池配置示意图

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of NiCo2O4@FeNi?LDHs with core?shell structure as a bifunctional electrocatalyst and zinc?air battery configuration

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