Fe₇S₈/Co₉S₈@CNTs复合材料的制备及其电磁波吸收性能研究

doi:10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2026.05.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳纳米管介电性能优异，但单一材料因无磁损耗机制易引发阻抗失配，与磁性材料复合实现介电⁃磁损耗协同，是解决该问题的有效途径，然而目前关于两组分配比对吸波性能内在规律的影响仍缺乏深入探究。采用一步煅烧法制备了Fe₇S₈/Co₉S₈@CNTs复合材料；通过调控碳纳米管与磁性材料的比例，系统研究了两组分比例对材料物相结构、微观形貌、电磁参数及吸波性能的影响。结果表明，Fe₇S₈/Co₉S₈纳米颗粒均匀负载于碳纳米管管腔及管壁；介电损耗在吸波中占主导，源于异质界面极化、偶极极化和导电损耗；磁损耗由自然共振、交换共振和涡流损耗协同贡献；优化碳纳米管与磁性材料的比例可实现衰减常数与阻抗匹配的最佳平衡，当碳纳米管质量分数为25.27%时，Fe₇S₈/Co₉S₈@CNTs⁃2在2.3 mm匹配厚度下的最小反射损耗达-53.3 dB，有效吸收带宽为4.7 GHz。本研究揭示了两组分比例调控对吸波性能的影响规律，为碳基吸波材料性能优化提供了实验依据与设计思路。

关键词: 电磁波吸收, 碳纳米管, 组分调控, 阻抗匹配, 介电损耗

Abstract:

Carbon nanotubes （CNTs） have excellent dielectric properties,yet single⁃component CNTs easily cause impedance mismatch due to the absence of magnetic loss mechanisms.Compounding them with magnetic materials to achieve dielectric⁃magnetic loss synergy is an effective solution,while the inherent laws of how component ratios systematically affect wave⁃absorbing performance remain poorly explored.In this study,Fe7S8/Co9S8@CNTs composites were prepared via a one⁃step calcination method.By adjusting the ratio of carbon nanotubes to magnetic materials,this study systematically investigated the effects of the two⁃component ratio on the material's phase structure,micro⁃morphology,electromagnetic parameters,and wave⁃absorption performance.Results show Fe7S8/Co9S8@CNTs nanoparticles are uniformly loaded on the inner cavities and outer walls of CNTs. Dielectric loss dominates wave absorption,originating from heterogeneous interfacial polarization,dipole polarization and conductive loss,while magnetic loss is synergistically contributed by natural resonance,exchange resonance and eddy current loss. Optimizing the ratio of carbon nanotubes to magnetic materials achieves the optimal balance between attenuation constant and impedance matching.At a carbon content of 25.27%,Fe7S8/Co9S8@CNTs⁃2 exhibits a minimum reflection loss of -53.3 dB at 2.3 mm thickness,with an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.7 GHz.This study reveals the influence law of component ratio regulation on wave⁃absorbing performance, providing experimental basis and design insights for optimizing carbon⁃based multi⁃component wave⁃absorbing materials.

Key words: Electromagnetic wave absorption, Carbon nanotubes, Component regulation, Impedance matching, Dielectric loss

中图分类号:

TB332

许晓佺, 王宁, 郭铭瑞. Fe₇S₈/Co₉S₈@CNTs复合材料的制备及其电磁波吸收性能研究[J]. 石油化工高等学校学报, 2026, 39(5): 14-23.

Xiaoquan XU, Ning WANG, Mingrui GUO. Synthesis of Fe₇S₈/Co₉S₈@CNTs Composites and Their Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties[J]. Journal of Petrochemical Universities, 2026, 39(5): 14-23.

图/表 12

图1 Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs-X的制备过程

Fig.1 Schematic illustration for the preparation process of Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs-X

图2 Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs-X的XRD谱图

Fig.2 XRD patterns of Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs-X composites

图3 Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs-X的热重曲线

Fig.3 TG curve of Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs-X

图4 Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs-2的SEM图和TEM图

Fig.4 SEM images and TEM image of Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs-2 composite

图5 Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs-2的EDS图

Fig.5 EDS mappings of Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs-2 composite

图6 Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs-X的反射损耗三维图

Fig.6 3D representations of reflection loss for Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs-X

图7 Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs-X的阻抗图、最优反射损耗及|Zin/Z0|值

Fig.7 Impedance plots of Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs-X and optimal reflection loss value and corresponding |Zin/Z0| values

图8 Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs-X的衰减常数随频率的变化曲线

Fig.8 The relationship between the decay constant of Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs-X and frequency

图9 Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs-X的复介电常数实部、复介电常数虚部和介电损耗正切

Fig.9 Real part, imaginary part of complex permittivity, and dielectric loss tangent of Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs-X composites

图10 Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs-X的复磁导率实部、复磁导率虚部和磁损耗正切

Fig.10 Real part, imaginary part of complex permeability, and magnetic loss tangent of Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs-X composites

图11 Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs-X的Cole-Cole曲线

Fig.11 Cole-Cole plots of Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs-X composites

图12 Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs-X的涡流损耗系数

Fig.12 Eddy current coefficient of Fe?S?/Co?S?@CNTs- X composites

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