石油化工高等学校学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 34-45.DOI: 10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2026.04.004
收稿日期:2025-07-25
修回日期:2025-09-10
出版日期:2026-08-25
发布日期:2026-07-20
通讯作者:
王欢
作者简介:朱文韬(2004-),男,硕士研究生,从事废弃物高值化利用方面的研究;E-mail:WentaoZhu0601@foxmail.com。
基金资助:
Wentao ZHU(
), Huan WANG(
)
Received:2025-07-25
Revised:2025-09-10
Published:2026-08-25
Online:2026-07-20
Contact:
Huan WANG
摘要:
含氧塑料因性能优异需求激增,其废物处理成为亟待解决的环境难题。现有处理方法中,化学回收法中的催化氢解技术因能将含氧塑料定向转化为高附加值化学品(如单体、燃料),被认为是契合可持续发展理念的绿色策略。均相催化剂凭借反应条件温和、产物选择性可控等优势,在催化氢解技术领域展现出显著潜力。系统总结了近年来含氧塑料催化氢解均相催化剂的研究进展,重点聚焦催化剂设计、反应条件优化、产物调控机制及构效关系,为推动该技术的工业化应用提供了理论参考。
中图分类号:
朱文韬, 王欢. 含氧塑料催化氢解的均相催化体系及产物调控研究进展[J]. 石油化工高等学校学报, 2026, 39(4): 34-45.
Wentao ZHU, Huan WANG. Research Progress on Homogeneous Catalytic Systems and Product Regulation in Oxygen-Containing Plastic Catalytic Hydrogenolysis[J]. Journal of Petrochemical Universities, 2026, 39(4): 34-45.
图2 可用于催化PET氢解的有机Ru络合物(a) RuClH(CO)PNN[69] (b) RuH(BH4)PNN[73] (c) RuH(CO)PNN(bpy)[50] (d) RuCl2SPNN[51] (e) Ru(triphos-xyl)tmm[52]
Fig.2 The organic Ru complexes applied to catalyze the hydrogenolysis of PET
| 催化剂 | 还原试剂 | 反应温度/℃ | 反应时 间/h | 碱 | 溶剂 | 氢解产物(效率) | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RuH(CO)PNN(bpy) | H2(5.51 MPa) | 160 | 24 | KOtBu | V(BHT)/V(THF)=1∶1 | 1,4-BDM(99%)a | [ |
| RuCl2SPNN | H2(5.00 MPa) | 110 | 48 | KOtBu | V(BHT)/V(THF)=1∶1 | 1,4-BDM(73%)a | [ |
| Ru(triphos-xyl)tmm | H2(10.00 MPa) | 140 | 16 | 二氧六环或1,2-PD | 1,4-BDM(64%)a | [ | |
| B(C6F5)3 | TMDS或PMHS | 室温 | 3 | 二氯甲烷 | 对二甲苯(>75%)b | [ | |
| [(POCOP)Ir(H)]+•[B(C6F5)4]- | Et3SiH | 70 | 72 | 氯苯 | 1,4-BDM-Si(63%)b EG-Si(48%)b | [ | |
| MoO2Cl2 | PhSiH3 | 160 | 96 | 甲苯 | 对二甲苯(62%~65%)b | [ | |
| Zn(OAc)2•2H2O | PhSiH3 | 160 | 96 | KOH | 氯苯 | 对二甲苯(59%~65%)b EG(36%~43%)b | [ |
表1 不同均相催化剂对PET的催化氢解性能
Table 1 The catalytic hydrogenation performance of PET by different homogeneous catalysts
| 催化剂 | 还原试剂 | 反应温度/℃ | 反应时 间/h | 碱 | 溶剂 | 氢解产物(效率) | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RuH(CO)PNN(bpy) | H2(5.51 MPa) | 160 | 24 | KOtBu | V(BHT)/V(THF)=1∶1 | 1,4-BDM(99%)a | [ |
| RuCl2SPNN | H2(5.00 MPa) | 110 | 48 | KOtBu | V(BHT)/V(THF)=1∶1 | 1,4-BDM(73%)a | [ |
| Ru(triphos-xyl)tmm | H2(10.00 MPa) | 140 | 16 | 二氧六环或1,2-PD | 1,4-BDM(64%)a | [ | |
| B(C6F5)3 | TMDS或PMHS | 室温 | 3 | 二氯甲烷 | 对二甲苯(>75%)b | [ | |
| [(POCOP)Ir(H)]+•[B(C6F5)4]- | Et3SiH | 70 | 72 | 氯苯 | 1,4-BDM-Si(63%)b EG-Si(48%)b | [ | |
| MoO2Cl2 | PhSiH3 | 160 | 96 | 甲苯 | 对二甲苯(62%~65%)b | [ | |
| Zn(OAc)2•2H2O | PhSiH3 | 160 | 96 | KOH | 氯苯 | 对二甲苯(59%~65%)b EG(36%~43%)b | [ |
| 催化剂 | 还原试剂 | 反应温度/℃ | 反应时间/h | 碱 | 溶剂 | 氢解产物(效率) | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RuH(CO)PNN(bpy) | H2(5.51 MPa) | 160 | 24 | KOtBu | V(BHT)/V(THF)=1∶1 | 1,2-PD(99%)a | [ |
| Ru(triphos)tmm | H2(9.00 MPa) | 140 | 16 | 二氧六环 | 1,2-PD(93%)b | [ | |
| B(C6F5)3 | TMDS | 室温 | 1 | 二氯甲烷 | 丙烷(99%)b | [ | |
[(POCOP)Ir(H)]+• [B(C6F5)4]- | TMDS | 110 | 12 | 氯苯 | 丙烷(100%)a | [ | |
| MoO2Cl2 | PhSiH3 | 110 | 20 | 甲苯 | 丙烷(100%)a | [ | |
| Zn(OAc)2•2H2O | PhSiH3 | 110 | 48 | 甲苯 | 1,2-PD(20%~60%)b | [ |
表2 不同均相催化剂对PLA的催化氢解性能
Table 2 The catalytic hydrogenation performance of PLA with different homogeneous catalysts
| 催化剂 | 还原试剂 | 反应温度/℃ | 反应时间/h | 碱 | 溶剂 | 氢解产物(效率) | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RuH(CO)PNN(bpy) | H2(5.51 MPa) | 160 | 24 | KOtBu | V(BHT)/V(THF)=1∶1 | 1,2-PD(99%)a | [ |
| Ru(triphos)tmm | H2(9.00 MPa) | 140 | 16 | 二氧六环 | 1,2-PD(93%)b | [ | |
| B(C6F5)3 | TMDS | 室温 | 1 | 二氯甲烷 | 丙烷(99%)b | [ | |
[(POCOP)Ir(H)]+• [B(C6F5)4]- | TMDS | 110 | 12 | 氯苯 | 丙烷(100%)a | [ | |
| MoO2Cl2 | PhSiH3 | 110 | 20 | 甲苯 | 丙烷(100%)a | [ | |
| Zn(OAc)2•2H2O | PhSiH3 | 110 | 48 | 甲苯 | 1,2-PD(20%~60%)b | [ |
| 催化剂 | 还原试剂 | 反应温度/℃ | 反应时间/h | 碱 | 溶剂 | 氢解产物(效率) | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RuCl2HPNP | H2(5.0 MPa) | 140 | 24 | KOtBu | THF | 1,2-PD(99%)a 甲醇(99%)a | [ |
| RuClH(CO)PNN | H2(5.5 MPa) | 160 | 24 | KOtBu | V(BHT)/V(THF)=1∶1 | 1,2-PD(99%)b 甲醇(99%)a | [ |
| MnBr(CO)2PNP | H2(5.0 MPa) | 140 | 16 | KOtBu | 二氧六环 | 1,2-PD(91%)a 甲醇(84%)a | [ |
| Mn(CO)3PNP | H2(5.0 MPa) | 110 | 50 | KH | 甲苯 | 1,2-PD(68%)a 甲醇(59%)a 丙烯碳酸酯(30%)a | [ |
| FeBrH(CO)PNP | 异丙醇 | 140 | 30 | KOtBu | THF | 1,2-PD(65%)a 甲醇(43%)a | [ |
| FeH(BH4)(CO)PNP | H2(4.5 MPa) | 120 | 24 | THF | 1,2-PD(77%)a | [ | |
| CpCo(Ⅲ) | H2(6.0 MPa) | 160 | 24 | KOtBu | 丁醚 | 1,2-PD(76%)a | [ |
| [(POCOP)Ir(H)]+•[B(C6F5)4]- | Et3SiH | 65 | 3 | 氯苯 | PG-Si(99%)a 甲醇硅醚(99%)a | [ | |
| MgBu2 | HBpin | 65 | 3 | 己烷 | PG-B(91%)a | [ | |
| [(xyl-Nacnac)Mg2] | HBpin | 室温 | 6 | 氘代苯 | PG-B(96%)a | [ | |
| La[N(SiMe3)2]3 | HBpin | 室温 | 24 | 氘代苯 | PG-B(70%)a MeO-B(70%)a | [ |
表3 不同均相催化剂对PPC的催化氢解性能
Table 3 The catalytic hydrogenation performance of PPC with different homogeneous catalysts
| 催化剂 | 还原试剂 | 反应温度/℃ | 反应时间/h | 碱 | 溶剂 | 氢解产物(效率) | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RuCl2HPNP | H2(5.0 MPa) | 140 | 24 | KOtBu | THF | 1,2-PD(99%)a 甲醇(99%)a | [ |
| RuClH(CO)PNN | H2(5.5 MPa) | 160 | 24 | KOtBu | V(BHT)/V(THF)=1∶1 | 1,2-PD(99%)b 甲醇(99%)a | [ |
| MnBr(CO)2PNP | H2(5.0 MPa) | 140 | 16 | KOtBu | 二氧六环 | 1,2-PD(91%)a 甲醇(84%)a | [ |
| Mn(CO)3PNP | H2(5.0 MPa) | 110 | 50 | KH | 甲苯 | 1,2-PD(68%)a 甲醇(59%)a 丙烯碳酸酯(30%)a | [ |
| FeBrH(CO)PNP | 异丙醇 | 140 | 30 | KOtBu | THF | 1,2-PD(65%)a 甲醇(43%)a | [ |
| FeH(BH4)(CO)PNP | H2(4.5 MPa) | 120 | 24 | THF | 1,2-PD(77%)a | [ | |
| CpCo(Ⅲ) | H2(6.0 MPa) | 160 | 24 | KOtBu | 丁醚 | 1,2-PD(76%)a | [ |
| [(POCOP)Ir(H)]+•[B(C6F5)4]- | Et3SiH | 65 | 3 | 氯苯 | PG-Si(99%)a 甲醇硅醚(99%)a | [ | |
| MgBu2 | HBpin | 65 | 3 | 己烷 | PG-B(91%)a | [ | |
| [(xyl-Nacnac)Mg2] | HBpin | 室温 | 6 | 氘代苯 | PG-B(96%)a | [ | |
| La[N(SiMe3)2]3 | HBpin | 室温 | 24 | 氘代苯 | PG-B(70%)a MeO-B(70%)a | [ |
| 催化剂 | 还原试剂 | 反应温度/℃ | 反应时间/h | 碱 | 溶剂 | 氢解产物(效率) | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ru(triphos)tmm | H2(10.0 MPa) | 140 | 16 | 二氧六环 | BPA(73%) | [ | |
| RuH(BH4)(CO)PNP | H2(4.5 MPa) | 140 | 24 | KOtBu | THF | BPA(99%) | [ |
| RuClH(CO)PNN | H2(4.5 MPa) | 140 | 24 | KOtBu | THF | BPA(99%) | [ |
| FeH(BH4)(CO)PNP | H2(4.5 MPa) | 120 | 24 | THF | BPA(93%) | [ | |
| Cp*Co(Ⅲ) | H2(6.0 MPa) | 160 | 24 | KOtBu | 丁醚 | BPA(83%) | [ |
[(POCOP)Ir(H)]+• [B(C6F5)4]- | Et3SiH | 65 | 6 | 氯苯 | BPA-Si(88%) | [ | |
| 二(三乙基硅烷基)醚(100%) | |||||||
| La[N(SiMe3)2]3 | HBpin | 100 | 24 | 氘代苯 | BPA-B(78%~92%) | [ | |
| MeO-B(83%~96%) |
表4 不同均相催化剂对BPA-PC的催化氢解性能
Table 4 The catalytic hydrogenation performance of BPA-PC with different homogeneous catalysts
| 催化剂 | 还原试剂 | 反应温度/℃ | 反应时间/h | 碱 | 溶剂 | 氢解产物(效率) | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ru(triphos)tmm | H2(10.0 MPa) | 140 | 16 | 二氧六环 | BPA(73%) | [ | |
| RuH(BH4)(CO)PNP | H2(4.5 MPa) | 140 | 24 | KOtBu | THF | BPA(99%) | [ |
| RuClH(CO)PNN | H2(4.5 MPa) | 140 | 24 | KOtBu | THF | BPA(99%) | [ |
| FeH(BH4)(CO)PNP | H2(4.5 MPa) | 120 | 24 | THF | BPA(93%) | [ | |
| Cp*Co(Ⅲ) | H2(6.0 MPa) | 160 | 24 | KOtBu | 丁醚 | BPA(83%) | [ |
[(POCOP)Ir(H)]+• [B(C6F5)4]- | Et3SiH | 65 | 6 | 氯苯 | BPA-Si(88%) | [ | |
| 二(三乙基硅烷基)醚(100%) | |||||||
| La[N(SiMe3)2]3 | HBpin | 100 | 24 | 氘代苯 | BPA-B(78%~92%) | [ | |
| MeO-B(83%~96%) |
图5 几种典型的有机金属催化剂的催化氢解机理(a) RuClH(CO)PNP[72] (b) MnBr(CO)2PNP[58] (c) FeBrH(CO)PNP[59]
Fig.5 Catalytic hydrogenolysis mechanism of several typical organometallic catalysts
图6 基于羰基化合物的硅氢化与硼氢化反应催化氢解聚酯的反应机理
Fig.6 Reaction mechanism of hydrogenation of polyester catalyzed by hydrosilylation and borohydride based on carbonyl compounds
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