石油化工高等学校学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 22-33.DOI: 10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2026.04.003

• 催化剂及催化材料 • 上一篇    下一篇

电催化析氢反应催化剂的研究进展:从多维纳米结构到单原子调控

罗佳庆1(), 王振权1, 于天颖1, 李宁格1, 时晴芳1, 张瑞鹏2, 康博晗2, 张海鹏1(), 万自杰2()   

  1. 1.中国石油大学(北京)克拉玛依校区 工学院,新疆 克拉玛依 834000
    2.中国石油大学(北京) 理学院,北京 102249
  • 收稿日期:2026-05-07 修回日期:2026-07-02 出版日期:2026-08-25 发布日期:2026-07-20
  • 通讯作者: 张海鹏,万自杰
  • 作者简介:罗佳庆(1995-),男,博士,讲师,从事电催化能源存储与转化材料方面的研究;E-mail:luojiaqing@cupk.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2024A01001)

Research Progress in Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalysts: From Multidimensional Nanostructures to Single Atom Regulation

Jiaqing LUO1(), Zhenquan WANG1, Tianying YU1, Ningge LI1, Qingfang SHI1, Ruipeng ZHANG2, Bohan KANG2, Haipeng ZHANG1(), Zijie WAN2()   

  1. 1.College of Engineering,China University of Petroleum (Beijing) at Karamay,Karamay Xinjiang 834000,China
    2.College of Science,China University of Petroleum (Beijing),Beijing 102249,China
  • Received:2026-05-07 Revised:2026-07-02 Published:2026-08-25 Online:2026-07-20
  • Contact: Haipeng ZHANG, Zijie WAN

摘要:

电催化水分解制氢是可再生能源存储与消纳的重要技术手段。基于析氢反应机理,从活性组分尺寸调控的视角,系统综述了析氢反应催化剂从体相材料、多维纳米结构到纳米簇、单原子以及单原子-纳米簇协同体系的结构演变过程。大量文献研究表明,随着活性物种尺寸的减小,催化剂的金属原子利用率显著提升;纳米簇与单原子催化剂因其独特的量子尺寸效应和配位环境,在降低贵金属用量的同时展现了超越传统体相材料的本征活性;特别是单原子与纳米簇的协同体系,通过双位点机制有效促进了水分子的解离与氢气的脱附,显著提升了碱性析氢反应动力学。基于此,未来的研究应聚焦于多尺度结构调控与精准合成,深入揭示反应过程中的动态构效关系,从而设计兼具高活性、高稳定性及宽pH适应性的低成本催化剂。

关键词: 电催化析氢反应催化剂, 多维纳米结构, 纳米簇, 单原子

Abstract:

Electrocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production is a crucial technological approach for renewable energy storage and utilization. Based on the hydrogen evolution reaction mechanism, this paper systematically reviews the structural evolution of hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts from bulk materials, multidimensional nanostructures, to nanoclusters, single atoms, and single atom-nanocluster synergistic systems from the perspective of size regulation of active components. Extensive literature studies demonstrate that as the size of active species decreases, the metal atom utilization efficiency of catalysts significantly improves. Nanocluster and single atom catalysts exhibit intrinsic activity surpassing traditional bulk materials due to their unique quantum size effects and coordination environments while reducing noble metal usage. Notably, the synergistic system of single atoms and nanoclusters effectively promotes water molecule dissociation and hydrogen desorption through a dual-site mechanism, significantly enhancing alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction kinetics. Based on this, future research should focus on multi-scale structural regulation and precise synthesis, deeply elucidate the dynamic structure-activity relationships during the reaction process, and thereby design low-cost catalysts with high activity, high stability, and broad pH adaptability.

Key words: Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts, Multidimensional nanostructures, Nanoclusters, Single atoms

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引用本文

罗佳庆, 王振权, 于天颖, 李宁格, 时晴芳, 张瑞鹏, 康博晗, 张海鹏, 万自杰. 电催化析氢反应催化剂的研究进展:从多维纳米结构到单原子调控[J]. 石油化工高等学校学报, 2026, 39(4): 22-33.

Jiaqing LUO, Zhenquan WANG, Tianying YU, Ningge LI, Qingfang SHI, Ruipeng ZHANG, Bohan KANG, Haipeng ZHANG, Zijie WAN. Research Progress in Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalysts: From Multidimensional Nanostructures to Single Atom Regulation[J]. Journal of Petrochemical Universities, 2026, 39(4): 22-33.

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