聚酯增塑剂在聚氯乙烯中的研究进展

doi:10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2025.06.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

聚氯乙烯（PVC）因机械性能优异、加工性好，被广泛应用于电缆、建材、人造革与包装领域。但是由于其刚性较大，通常需依赖增塑剂赋予柔韧性。系统概述了聚酯增塑剂对PVC性能调控的研究进展，重点探讨了结构设计、合成方法及其应用效果，通过对比分析分子结构、支化结构及端基功能化策略，阐明了聚酯增塑剂对PVC热稳定性、力学性能、迁移行为及加工流变性的影响机制。结果表明，合理设计聚酯分子结构可显著提升增塑效率与相容性，并降低增塑剂迁移与挥发的风险。生物基单体来源与绿色合成技术是聚酯增塑剂发展的关键方向，未来应聚焦多功能协同设计与规模化制备，以推动其在医疗、电缆与包装等领域的应用，实现高性能环保型PVC材料的可持续发展。

关键词: 聚酯增塑剂, 聚氯乙烯, 结构优化, 热稳定性, 迁移性

Abstract:

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is widely used in cables, building materials, artificial leather and packaging fields due to its excellent mechanical properties and good processability. However, because of its high rigidity, it needs to rely on plasticizers to endow flexibility. This paper systematically summarizes the research progress on the performance regulation of PVC by polyester plasticizers, with a focus on the structural design, synthesis methods and their application effects. Through comparative analysis of different molecular structures, branching structures and end group functionalization strategies, the influence mechanisms of polyester plasticizers on the thermal stability, mechanical properties, migration behavior and processing rheology of PVC are summarized. The results show that the rational design of the molecular structure of polyester can significantly improve the plasticizing efficiency and compatibility, and reduce the risk of plasticizer migration and volatilization. The conclusion holds that the source of bio?based monomers and green synthesis technology are the key directions for the development of polyester plasticizers. In the future, efforts should be focused on multi?functional collaborative design and large?scale preparation to promote their application in fields such as medical care, cables, and packaging, and achieve the sustainable development of high?performance and environmentally friendly PVC materials.

Key words: Polyester plasticizer, Polyvinyl chloride, Structural optimization, Thermal stability, Transferability

中图分类号:

TQ414

徐楠楠, 肖吉喆, 秦佳倩, 张娜, 高传慧. 聚酯增塑剂在聚氯乙烯中的研究进展[J]. 石油化工高等学校学报, 2025, 38(6): 65-73.

Nannan XU, Jizhe XIAO, Jiaqian QIN, Na ZHANG, Chuanhui GAO. Research Progress of Polyester Plasticizers in Polyvinyl Chloride[J]. Journal of Petrochemical Universities, 2025, 38(6): 65-73.

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链接本文: https://journal.lnpu.edu.cn/syhg/CN/10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2025.06.008

https://journal.lnpu.edu.cn/syhg/CN/Y2025/V38/I6/65

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阻燃剂类型	主要阻燃机制	特征描述	作用相
含磷型	生成聚磷酸或磷酸，促进炭层形成，阻断热源和可燃气体	阻燃效率高，炭层致密，热隔离性能优异	凝聚相
含氮型	分解释放惰性气体（N₂、NH₃），稀释燃烧气氛，吸热冷却	低毒、低烟，适用于环保阻燃设计，常与含磷体系协同使用	气相
含氯型	释放氯化氢（HCl）及氯自由基（Cl·），捕捉 ·OH和·H，终止链式燃烧反应	阻燃效率高但烟毒性大，逐渐被限制使用	气相
协同型	气⁃凝双相协同，形成炭层并释放惰性气体，构建稳定的阻燃屏障结构	多种机制协同效应，阻燃持久性强，适合高安全性PVC领域	气相+凝聚相

阻燃剂类型	主要阻燃机制	特征描述	作用相
含磷型	生成聚磷酸或磷酸，促进炭层形成，阻断热源和可燃气体	阻燃效率高，炭层致密，热隔离性能优异	凝聚相
含氮型	分解释放惰性气体（N₂、NH₃），稀释燃烧气氛，吸热冷却	低毒、低烟，适用于环保阻燃设计，常与含磷体系协同使用	气相
含氯型	释放氯化氢（HCl）及氯自由基（Cl·），捕捉 ·OH和·H，终止链式燃烧反应	阻燃效率高但烟毒性大，逐渐被限制使用	气相
协同型	气⁃凝双相协同，形成炭层并释放惰性气体，构建稳定的阻燃屏障结构	多种机制协同效应，阻燃持久性强，适合高安全性PVC领域	气相+凝聚相