水系锌离子电池柔性电解质的性能优化策略

doi:10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2025.06.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水系锌离子电池凭借其高安全性、低成本、优异的电化学性能等特性，展现出广阔的应用前景。系统综述了水系锌离子电池的柔性电解质结构调控策略，重点归纳了水凝胶电解质与聚合物电解质的结构构筑方法、离子传导机制及力学性能增强途径，分析了其在电化学稳定性、界面兼容性和环境适应性等方面面临的关键挑战，旨在推动柔性电解质在提升电池电化学性能方面的研究进展，为水系锌离子电池的柔性电解质材料设计与功能实现提供理论基础与研究参考。

关键词: 柔性电解质, 水系锌离子电池, 电化学性能, 锌枝晶抑制

Abstract:

Aqueous zinc?ion batteries demonstrate broad application prospects due to their high safety,low cost,excellent electrochemical performance,and other characteristics.This review systematically summarizes structural regulation strategies for flexible electrolytes tailored for aqueous zinc?ion batteries.It focuses on the construction methods,ion conduction mechanisms,and mechanical reinforcement approaches of hydrogel and polymer electrolytes.In addition,it analyzes the key challenges related to electrochemical stability,interfacial compatibility, and environmental adaptability.This work aims to advance the development of flexible electrolytes for enhancing the electrochemical performance of aqueous zinc?ion batteries and provide theoretical guidance and research references for the design and functional realization of flexible electrolyte materials.

Key words: Flexible electrolyte, Aqueous zinc?ion battery, Electrochemical performance, Zinc dendrite suppression

中图分类号:

TQ152

刘俊麟, 吴怡, 申紫蕾, 吕存瑞, 盛帅, 奇聪, 张帅男, 徐超, 吕玮. 水系锌离子电池柔性电解质的性能优化策略[J]. 石油化工高等学校学报, 2025, 38(6): 1-12.

Junlin LIU, Yi WU, Zilei SHEN, Cunrui LÜ, Shuai SHENG, Cong QI, Shuainan ZHANG, Chao XU, Wei LÜ. Performance Optimization Strategies for Flexible Electrolytes in Aqueous Zinc⁃Ion Batteries[J]. Journal of Petrochemical Universities, 2025, 38(6): 1-12.

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链接本文: https://journal.lnpu.edu.cn/syhg/CN/10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2025.06.001

https://journal.lnpu.edu.cn/syhg/CN/Y2025/V38/I6/1

图/表 4

表1 柔性电解质的类型及主要性能对比

Table 1 Types of flexible electrolytes and comparison of their main properties

名称	柔性电解质类型	电导率/ （mS·cm^-1）	温度	电流密度/（mA·cm^-2）	面积比容量/（mA·h·cm^-2）	循环时间/h	参考文献
山梨醇改性纤维素凝胶	天然高分子基水凝胶	19.70	-40 ℃	2.0	1.00	800	[31]
PAM基超分子水凝胶	合成高分子基水凝胶	38.20	常温	1.0	1.00	>500	[32]
多巴胺接枝双网络凝胶	天然⁃合成复合水凝胶	32.30	室温	2.0	0.12	>2 000	[33]
BF $3 -$ 改性PAM 水凝胶	合成高分子功能化水凝胶	35.89	室温	1.0	1.00	>1 800	[34]
取向多孔PVA/PAA 凝胶	合成高分子基水凝胶	2.32	室温	0.5	0.50	>1 000	[35]
Fe³⁺⁃羧酸盐超分子凝胶	合成⁃无机复合水凝胶	1.80	-40 ℃	0.5	0.25	4 600	[36]
伪聚轮烷单锌离子凝胶	合成高分子超分子水凝胶	22.40	室温	1.0	1.00	>160	[37]
三元深共熔凝胶	深共熔⁃聚合物复合凝胶	21.90	90 ℃	1.0	1.00	>5 000	[38]
海藻糖改性PAM 凝胶	合成⁃生物复合水凝胶	—	—	1.0	1.00	>2 400	[39]
PVA/Zn（OTf）₂自愈凝胶	合成高分子基水凝胶	12.60	室温	0.1	0.10	800	[40]
超高模量PVA⁃PAM⁃PAN凝胶	合成高分子共混水凝胶	28.90	室温	0.5	0.50	>2 000	[41]
Zn⁃HA明胶仿骨凝胶	天然⁃无机复合水凝胶	32.50	室温	1.0	1.00	>3 500	[42]

表1 柔性电解质的类型及主要性能对比

Table 1 Types of flexible electrolytes and comparison of their main properties

名称	柔性电解质类型	电导率/ （mS·cm^-1）	温度	电流密度/（mA·cm^-2）	面积比容量/（mA·h·cm^-2）	循环时间/h	参考文献
山梨醇改性纤维素凝胶	天然高分子基水凝胶	19.70	-40 ℃	2.0	1.00	800	[31]
PAM基超分子水凝胶	合成高分子基水凝胶	38.20	常温	1.0	1.00	>500	[32]
多巴胺接枝双网络凝胶	天然⁃合成复合水凝胶	32.30	室温	2.0	0.12	>2 000	[33]
BF $3 -$ 改性PAM 水凝胶	合成高分子功能化水凝胶	35.89	室温	1.0	1.00	>1 800	[34]
取向多孔PVA/PAA 凝胶	合成高分子基水凝胶	2.32	室温	0.5	0.50	>1 000	[35]
Fe³⁺⁃羧酸盐超分子凝胶	合成⁃无机复合水凝胶	1.80	-40 ℃	0.5	0.25	4 600	[36]
伪聚轮烷单锌离子凝胶	合成高分子超分子水凝胶	22.40	室温	1.0	1.00	>160	[37]
三元深共熔凝胶	深共熔⁃聚合物复合凝胶	21.90	90 ℃	1.0	1.00	>5 000	[38]
海藻糖改性PAM 凝胶	合成⁃生物复合水凝胶	—	—	1.0	1.00	>2 400	[39]
PVA/Zn（OTf）₂自愈凝胶	合成高分子基水凝胶	12.60	室温	0.1	0.10	800	[40]
超高模量PVA⁃PAM⁃PAN凝胶	合成高分子共混水凝胶	28.90	室温	0.5	0.50	>2 000	[41]
Zn⁃HA明胶仿骨凝胶	天然⁃无机复合水凝胶	32.50	室温	1.0	1.00	>3 500	[42]

图1 水系锌离子电池功能性柔性电解质的设计策略与机理

Fig.1 The design strategies and mechanisms of functional flexible electrolytes for aqueous zinc?ion batteries

图2 水系锌离子电池电解质的多维协同优化设计：枝晶抑制、传导强化与宽温域适配

Fig.2 Multidimensional synergistic design of electrolytes for aqueous zinc?ion batteries: dendrite suppression, conductivity enhancement, and wide?temperature adaptability

图3 水凝胶电解质的结构设计及其在柔性水系锌离子电池中的性能优化

Fig.3 Structural design of hydrogel electrolytes and their performance optimization in flexible aqueous zinc?ion batteries

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