Synthesis and Application of Three⁃Dimensional Mental⁃Organic Framework Based on Tetra⁃Nuclear Cobalt Clusters of Thiacalix[4]arene
Geng Dantong，Bi Yanfeng
2019, 39 (5): 1-6. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6952.2019.05.001
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With tert⁃butylthiacalix[4]arene as ligand, 5⁃(1H⁃tetrazole)isophthalic acid (H3L) as an auxiliary ligand, metal cobalt ion as a metal source, under solvothermal conditions, The porous compound having a three⁃dimensional structure was prepared by the assembly method, and its molecular formula was [Co4(TC4A)(HL)(SO4)(CH3OH)2]n (solvent) (abbreviated as Co3D).Structure analysis revealed that the Co3D exhibited both hydrophilic and oleophilic one⁃dimensional uniform channels. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that Co3D is stable up to 315 ℃. The surface area of the title compound estimated to be 541.8 cm2/g by N2 absorption studies.
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Preparation and Properties of Waterborne Epoxy Emulsion
Hai Chunjie，Song Yufang，Li Lan，Lin Na，Zhang Hongji，Dong Weifu
2019, 39 (5): 7-12. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6952.2019.05.002
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Methoxypolyethylene glycols (mPEG) was first modified with succinic anhydride to obtain carboxylic acid terminated mPEG(mPEG⁃COOH). Epoxy resin emulsifier was fabricated by mixing the mPEG⁃COOH with epoxy resin, and the stable aqueous epoxy resin emulsion was obtained by phase inversion technique. The emulsifier structure, particle size distribution and the emulsion stability were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography and particle size analyzer. The effects of the molecular weight of mPEG, the type of epoxy resin and the emulsifier concentration on emulsion stability were carefully studied. The results showed that aqueous epoxy emulsifier and waterborne epoxy emulsion were successfully prepared. The aqueous epoxy emulsion has a particle size distribution of 0.8~1.5 μm and good emulsion stability. The obtained cured films by reacting the emulsion and amine curing agent at room temperature showed good water resistance and pollution resistance. Its water absorption rate and water loss weight loss rate were 0.35% and 0.25%, respectively.
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Degradation Characteristics and Mechanism of Aspergillus Niger CKB
Fu Danni，Li Xiaotong，Xu Canran，Huang Weiwei，Dong Xiangzhou，Zhu Qifa，Liu Yongmin，Lu Diannan
2019, 39 (5): 13-20. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6952.2019.05.003
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A strain named of CKB that can efficiently degrade straw was selected from soil where growing rice perennially and which was identified as Aspergillus niger by ITS sequence analysis. In the normal soil temperature and environment, the straw was degraded by the bacteria for 35 days, and the weight loss rate reached 49%. Furthermore, the degradability of cellulose and lignin by CKB was also investigated. At 72 h of the degradation, the converted glucose concentration from cellulose was 0.554 g/L, while the amount of lignin degradation was 0.607 g/L. The effect of substrate concentration, pH, and temperature on the degradation of cellulose and lignin was investigated. The structural change of straw before and after degradation were observed by SEM. The products of degradation were detected and characterized by means of Pyrolysis⁃GC/MS; the degradation mechanism of Aspergillus niger CKB was explained.
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CuCl⁃Promoted C-O Cross Coupling of p⁃Methyl Bromobenzene and Phenol
Zhou Jie，Zhang Fenghua，Ding Xiaoguang，Yu Fang
2019, 39 (5): 21-25. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6952.2019.05.004
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A method for synthesis of 1⁃methyl⁃4⁃phenoxybenzene was studied. Using p⁃methyl bromobenzene and phenol were catalyzed by CuCl, K3PO4 was used as a base, 1,4⁃dioxane was used as reaction solvent and the reaction was carried out at 110 ℃ for 12.0 h to construct a new C-O bond and achieve coupling reaction. The reaction showed strong selectivity and the yield was 72% under the best reaction conditions. The structure of the target product 1⁃methyl⁃4⁃phenoxy benzene was further characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
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Ultrasonic Synthesis of Tris⁃(4⁃Acetamidphenyl) Methane
Li Hongda，Zhang Lianhong，Jiang Linshi，Xiao Hong
2019, 39 (5): 26-29. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6952.2019.05.005
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In order to reduce the synthesis time of tris⁃(4⁃acetamidphenyl) methane and increase its yield, the reaction environment was transferred to ultrasonic waves, and ultrasonic wave shaking was used instead of the water bath stirring heating method. The infrared micro⁃spectroscopy was used to analyze whether acetamide was formed in the product; the high⁃performance liquid chromatography⁃mass spectrometer was used to analyze the conversion of the reactants at different time, temperature and reactant ratios and the yield and composition of the reaction product tris⁃(4⁃acetamidophenyl) methane. Further, the purified tris⁃(4⁃acetamidophenyl) methane was detected and confirmed using a Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. The results show that the reaction environment can be set in the ultrasonic wave, which can not only greatly reduce the reaction time, but also reduce the formation of by⁃products; improve the product yield, reduce energy consumption and avoid environmental pollution.
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Adsorption Properties of Congo Red from Aqueous Solutions by Porous Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane
Wu Zhenyu, Gao Dasheng, Cui Shuang, Xiong Shuang, Liu Ningning, Yao Li, Shi Zhewen
2019, 39 (5): 30-35. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6952.2019.05.006
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Porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was successfully fabricated via phase inversion method. The surface and cross⁃section morphologies, and thermal stability of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetry⁃differential thermal analyzer. The adsorption property of PVDF membrane for Congo Red was investigated. The results showed that the most proper dosage of PVDF membrane is 30 mg. The maximum adsorption capacity of PVDF membrane for Congo Red is 64.6 mg/g at 303 K. The isotherm data followed the Freundlich isotherm model and the kinetic adsorption obeyed the pseudo⁃second⁃order model. Thermodynamic parameters illustrated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Ethanol has good desorption effect on PVDF membrane adsorbed by Congo red. After 8 adsorption⁃desorption, PVDF membrane still maintains high adsorption capacity for Congo red.
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Effect of Corncob Size on Ammonia Emission in Manure Composting
2019, 39 (5): 36-39. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6952.2019.05.007
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In order to reduce the release of NH3 in the process of layer manure composting, corncob was added in manure composting material, and the composting characteristics such as temperature and pH, NH3 release rate were investigated under different corncob size, while the mechanism of NH3 release and emission reduction were also analyzed. The results showed that under the conditions of composting with small, medium and large size corncob of size <5 mm, 5~10 mm and >10 mm respectively, all the manure composting reached hygienic and decomposed standard, and the trend of composting temperature, pH and emission reduction of NH3 is similar. Because of its more suitable density and ventilation conditions, the longest duration of high temperature in composting cycle is 11 days,and the medium corncob has the best decayed effect, the lowest release intensity and total release of NH3. The highest release rate was only 100 mg/h, which was lower than that of small and large corncob 30 mg/h and 56 mg/h respectively. The emission reduction effect was the best.
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Properties of Indonesian Oil Sand Tailings/Polyethylene Composites
Chen Luchan，Xiao Yan，Fu Chuanyu，Hu Yuexin，Han Xiangyan
2019, 39 (5): 40-44. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6952.2019.05.008
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In order to study the performance of Indonesian oil sand tailings/polyethylene (HDPE) composites, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X⁃ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) were used to obtain the morphology, size and main component calcium carbonate (CaCO3), the main component of oil⁃sand tailings before and after modification, which is about 77.170%. And the surface was dried with different mass fractions of stearic acid, the best modifier content is 5%; the mechanical properties of oil sand tailings/HDPE composites were characterized by impact strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that with the increase of tailings filling, the oil sand tailings have obvious strengthening and toughening effect on HDPE. When the tailing sand content is 50%, the toughening effect is best. However, a large amount of oil sand tailings is distributed in HDPE to increase the defects in the matrix, and causes stress concentration phenomenon when subjected to external force, which results in the decrease of tensile strength. The crystallization property study shows that the addition of oil sand tailings has heterogeneous nucleation effect on polyethylene and enhances the toughness of composites.
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Study on Typical Deep Pumping Processes in Tahe Oilfield
Du Kun，Wang Peng，Li Yang，Jiang Haiyan，Bai Yu
2019, 39 (5): 45-52. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6952.2019.05.009
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In order to effectively develop deep reservoirs, the selection of pumps in deep pumping technology is a difficult problem for Tahe oilfield. The optimization of deep pump should avoid the problems of large oil bar load, low pump efficiency, short pump detection period and high difficulty of deep well pumping, etc. By investigating the field application of the pump, the characteristics and parameters of the oil recovery work of five common deep pumpes were analyzed and compared. As a result, the deep pumping with side⁃flow loading pumps has the advantage of reducing the load on the sucker rod string. The actual pump depth of deep pumping with bi⁃lamellar pump is the largest. Deep pumping with self⁃compensating pump can reduce pump leakage, prevent sand sticking and prolong the life of deep pump.The oil pump of hydraulic feedback can solve effectively the problem of downward of rod string.The electric submersible pump and rod pump combination can significantly improve pump efficiency. The article provides some reference to the selection of mechanical production mode for other deep wells or the wells with insufficient fluid supply at the bottom of the wells.
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Study on Remaining Oil Distribution of Shallow Water Delta Reservoir in Horizontal Well Development：An Example from Bohai Oilfield
Zhai Shangqi，Sun Guangyi，Chang Huijiang，Wu Qiongyuan，Lei Yuan
2019, 39 (5): 53-58. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6952.2019.05.010
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For the development of offshore horizontal wells, the study of remaining oil should be based on clear main control factors. Research on residual oil distribution under main control factors by numerical simulation method,the research showed that for the oilfields which developed by horizontal wells predominantly, the main controlling factor of remaining oil should be clear as the basis of numerical simulation. in this paper, both the position and digging direction of the enrichment of remaining oil were summarized, it also gives the conclusion that physical conditions, sedimentary microfacies, interlayer, development method were the most important influence factors on remaining oil which characterize the oilfield. Among them, the remaining oil in the interlayer interlayer and multi⁃stage river channel superposition control is the heaviest, which is the main target for future adjustment and potential tapping.
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Large Eddy Simulation of Bionic Drag Reduction of Gas Pipe Inner Wall
Li Chuang，Ba Liang，Wang Guofu，Du Shengnan，Wang Weiqiang
2019, 39 (5): 59-64. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6952.2019.05.011
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The small groove surface flowing in the direction can effectively reduce the wall friction and reduce the energy consumption of transportation. For the gas pipeline with triangular ribs on the inner surface, the large eddy simulation is used to simulate different flow states, and the flow field velocity vector diagram, root mean square velocity profile line and Reynolds shear stress are analyzed. The simulation results show that the best drag reduction effect is achieved when the dimensionless dimension s+=20.7; the vortex formed by the turbulence is cut by the rib peak when passing through the rib to form a small reverse small vortex in the rib, and the fluid is the sliding friction between the wall surfaces which is converted into rolling friction, which reduces the frictional resistance; the velocity profiles of smooth tube wall, rib peak and valley bottom surface only differ greatly near the wall surface, and tend to be consistent far from the wall surface, and the rib pair the influence of the flow field mainly occurs in the near wall area.
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Study on Mechanical Behavior of Buried Corrosion Pipeline in Frozen Soil Area Based on Finite Element Analysis
Zhu Yuanchi，Wu Yuguo
2019, 39 (5): 65-72. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6952.2019.05.012
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In view of the fact that the buried pipeline design does not fully consider the stress changes during the operation process of the pipeline subjected to frost heaving and corrosion, considering the complex working conditions of the buried pipeline containing corrosion in the frozen soil area, the deformation and damage of the buried pipeline in the frozen soil area are analyzed. Factors, the establishment of a finite element model suitable for buried pipelines in frozen soil areas, study the impact of environmental temperature, corrosion depth and length on pipeline stress changes. The results show that the effect of frozen soil on corroded pipelines is mainly divided into elevation and end tensile stress. The elevation and stress increase the stress and strain of the corrosion pipeline linearly, but the effect of end tensile stress is opposite; the stress strain of the pipeline is directly proportional to the square of the corrosion depth. The increase of the corrosion length leads to a sharp increase in the stress and strain of the pipeline. When the length is greater than 150 mm, the mechanical properties of the pipeline fluctuate within a certain range. It provides a new idea and method for the design of buried pipelines in permafrost areas.
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Numerical Simulation of Erosion and Corrosion of Blind Pipes in Gathering and Transportation Pipelines
Wang Juncheng，Wang Yue
2019, 39 (5): 73-77. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6952.2019.05.013
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The influence of parameters such as fluid velocity, particle size, fluid viscosity, and fluid density on the erosion behavior of blind passages was investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). DPM model was used to calculate the trajectory of solid particles in blind pass, and the effect of particle movement on erosion corrosion rate in blind pass was analyzed.Explore the optimal structure of blind⁃pass pipe to reduce erosion corrosion, and compare the influence of blind⁃pass length on erosion corrosion.The numerical simulation results show that the serious erosion corrosion area is mainly located at the location of inner arch of the blind⁃through pipe. As the fluid velocity increases, the erosion corrosion behavior intensifies, and the erosion corrosion behavior weakens due to the increase in particle size and the viscosity, and the erosion corrosion behavior was the weakest when the blind pass length was 45 mm.
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Risk Cloud Model Evaluation of Rotating Machinery Rotor System
Liu Chang，Gao Peng，Feng Jinzhao
2019, 39 (5): 78-82. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6952.2019.05.014
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In order to ensure the long⁃term safe, stable and efficient operation of the rotating machinery, a risk cloud model evaluation method for the rotating machinery rotor system is proposed for the actual risk status of the rotor system. The evaluation method firstly uses FMECA to summarize the failure mode of the rotating machinery rotor system, finds the defects and weak links of its reliability, and identifies the main failure modes that cause the rotor system to fail. Then, based on the stress⁃strength interference model, the three digital characteristics of the rotor system cloud model in the single failure mode are constructed, which combines with the fuzzy and randomness of the cloud model to obtain the risk cloud model evaluation of the rotor system. Qualitative and quantitative results.It is applied to the turbine rotor system, and the rotor system is comprehensively evaluated by MATLAB simulation and visually presented in the form of cloud droplets.
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The Corrosion Mechanism and Protection Technology of the Heat Exchanger Bundle in Visbreaking Unit
Yan Tengfei，Jiang Haojun，Jiang Wenquan，Li Qiang，Yue Yunxue，Yu Ruizhe
2019, 39 (5): 83-87. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6952.2019.05.015
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The corrosion damage mechanism of heat exchanger in visbreaking unit was studied, through field morphology observation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micromorphology, energy spectrum analysis (EDS) and corrosion coupon experiments, and find out the naphthenic acid corrosion damage reason of the exchange tube heat exchanger and baffle plate, further analyzes the naphthenic acid corrosion mechanism of carbon steel; Then through a variety of material corrosion coupon experimental comparison, the anti⁃corrosion measures are put forward. The research results show that the corrosion of heat exchanger leakage and crude oil viscosity device, high acid value, the water content of the working temperature of heat exchanger and the material, dehydration of crude oil and reasonable change of the working temperature and material of the heat exchanger can effectively reduce the corrosion damage of the heat exchanger of the viscosity reducing device.
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Experimental Study on Cutting Low Alloy Steel with High Pressure Abrasive Water Jet
Li Si，Yan Yongfei，Liu Huixuan，He Yaoli
2019, 39 (5): 88-92. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6952.2019.05.016
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Low⁃carbon alloy steel is widely used in industrial design such as pressure vessels, vehicles, bridges, etc.By studying the influence of high pressure abrasive water jet on the cutting of low carbon alloy steel, the influence of water jet cutting characteristics on the cutting effect is analyzed, which has certain reference significance for improving cutting efficiency and reducing cutting cost.In the experiment, the five⁃axis linkage NC water cutter cutting machine is used，take Q345B as an example and the effects of cutting pressure, target distance and transverse speed on cutting depth and width are analyzed. The experimental results show that: with the increase of cutting pressure, the depth of cutting increases greatly. but the effect on cutting width is not obvious. Under certain conditions, there is an optimum target distance to maximize the cutting depth, the cutting depth decreases with increasing mobile speed. The target distance has a great effect on the cutting width, but the moving speed has little effect on the cutting width.
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Research on Temperature Control of Electromagnetic Heating System for Oil Diffusion Pump
Liang Jianyuan，Mu Ke，Si Xiujie，Wang Fake
2019, 39 (5): 93-97. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6952.2019.05.017
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Temperature for industrial control is a very important parameter, the accuracy of the temperature will directly affect the quality of industrial products. However, the temperature system has the problems of large inertia and lag, and it is difficult to establish accurate mathematical model. In this paper, the diffusion pump to the heating process of oil heating as the optimization objectives. In this paper has introduced the fuzzy PID controller and particle swarm optimization(PSO) PID parameters algorithm principle and operation mode, and use the Simulink simulation function of MATLAB in the three methods are simulated, and the simulation waveforms are analyzed. The above two controllers are switched in the process of temperature control, and the superiority of this method is verified by simulation.
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Edge Enhancement of MFL Image Based on Laplacian and Multi⁃Scale Mathematical Morphology
Wang Zhujun，Yang Lijian，Gao Songwei
2019, 39 (5): 98-102. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6952.2019.05.018
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In order to enhance the edge features of pipeline weld magnetic flux leakage image, an edge enhancement method based on Laplace and multi⁃scale mathematical morphology was proposed. Firstly, magnetic flux leakage data of pipeline magnetic flux leakage internal detector are collected for imaging, Then, using mathematical morphology algorithm, we construct multi⁃scale structural elements to detect the edge of the image, and use edge color constraints to delete non⁃edge points. Finally, edge is enhanced by Laplace operator. The results show that the method can accurately extract the weld and defect boundaries of the magnetic flux leakage signal image, and effectively separate the weld and defect. It has certain feasibility and practicability.
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