Paraffin emulsion was prepared from liquid paraffin by the means of adding coemulsifier. The effects of the emulsifie species and their dosages, water dosage, emulsifying temperature, and emulsifying time on the paraffin emulsion properties were studied. The results showed that composite emulsifiers could provide better performance for the paraffin emulsion. The influencing factors can be arranged in order：water dosage>emulsifier dosage>emulsifying temperature>emulsifying time. Stable paraffin emulsion can be prepared under the optimum conditions：m(glycerol monostearate)/m(Tween80)=3∶4, emulsifier dosage 0.9％，emulsifying temperature 85 ℃，emulsifying time 50 min，water dosage 62.0％ and stirring speed 1 100 r/min. The experimental result indicated that the liquid paraffinemulsion had better stability density and dispersibility.

Sulfur was removed from diesel oil by using the ultrasonic oxidation process to reduce the sulfur content in diesel fuel. The effect of different oxidation temperature, oxidation time, oxidant dosage and catalyst dosage on diesel desulfurization were studied by experiments. Experimental results showed that using the formic acid mixture with sulfuric acid as catalyst, catalyst amount 2% (the volume ratio of formic acid and sulfuric acid in the catalyst was 3∶2), oxidant amount 9%, reaction temperature 70 ℃, reaction time 60 min, removing the sulfur in heavy oil catalytic cracking diesel oil by using ultrasonic oxidation, then through DMF extraction and oxidation, the diesel oil desulfurization rate could reach 83%， And cetane value was increasing, thus the quality of diesel oil was refined.

Ultrasonic amplitude-variation bar type reactor has been employed to probe the liaohe heavy oil ultrasonic cracking viscosity reduction. The effects on reaction temperature, processing time and ultrasonic power, to the viscosity reduction ratio, were investigated. In the experiment, ultrasonic processing parameter were optimized, the energy consuming of ultrasonic processing and viscosity reduction cracking was calculated and compared. the viscosity reduction effect (1 kg heavy oil in Liaohe)reached the optimum under the condition of high pressure(experimental pressure 8 MPa), ultrasonic power 1.5 kW, processing temperature 300 ℃ and processing time 20 min, where the viscosity reduction ratio of 1 kg heavy oil was 47.69%; the most important factor of viscosity reduction ratio was ultrasonic power; ultrasonic processing time and temperature took second place. Compared to viscosity reduction cracking technology, ultrasonic processing had the advantage of low power consuming, during processing the same samples, which provided effective method to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil with low energy consuming and high efficiency.

Condensation point and pour point indicated with temperature, which were conditional indexes, were temperature cut off point at which the physical state of crude oil was shifted. The pour point was viewed as an important parameter to measure the cold flow properties of crude oil and crude oil temperature control in China. In order to in depth understanding of the mechanism of the microstructure of waxy crude oil, it was necessary for the waxy crude oil condensation point/pour point crude oil composition and microstructure to study the relationships. The pour point experiments of six typical waxy crude oils of Daqing were made, and the experimental laws were summarized, and gray system theory directional correlation was used to analyze the influence of wax crystal morphology/structure and composition of crude oil condensation point/pour point. The long-distance transportation of crude oil in the process flow was improved.

In order to optimize the transportation pipeline of heavy oil and provide baseline data for the study of energysaving technology, the experimental study on the viscosity-temperature characteristics and rheological properties of heavy oil in Huanxiling was carried out. The viscosity-temperature curve and the rheological characteristic curve were drawn, the viscosity-temperature equations and the rheological equations were fitted, and the viscosity-temperature index was calculated at each temperature interval. Through the viscosity-temperature curve and rheological characteristic curve fitting, the results showed that the correlation coefficient was close to 1 which indicated a higher degree of fitting and the small error. The rheological index was less than 1, which indicated that the heavy oil used in the experiment was pseudo plastic fluid. At the test temperature of 70 ℃,the heavy oil showed Newtonian behavior.

To understand the flow field distribution inside the steam distributor, and to compare the distribution effect of the three vertical steam distributor and the three spheres steam distributor, the inside flow field was simulated by Fluent and the effect of density distribution, gas phase distribution and velocity field on steam distribution was analyzed. From the results of numerical simulation, it can be seen that, in the process of steam dryness and flow distribution, three ball steam distributor is better than three vertical distributor. The establishment of a three spherical steam distributor provides a reference for the construction of actual field operations and high temperature and high pressure spherical distributor.

For conventional silver nitrate titration to measure chlorine ion content has difficulties on human factors, drilling fluid additives in low accuracy, large error, and low accuracy of drilling strata containing aqueous recognition problem, the ionic liquid chromatography technology was introduced as a new application in identification of  drilling formation water property. The work area aquifers with different levels of ion chromatography identify patterns were established. The recognition of water content was consistent with logging results. It showed that using ion chromatography with water based evaluation model has better feasibility, reliability, and accuracy. The ion chromatography aqueous recognition model has good prospect of popularization and application.

Starting with the geometry and grinding wheel topography of the grinding wheel, the grinding force was studied in the mesoscopic and macroscopic angles, according to the change law of grinding force of45^#  steel. The relationships between the grinding depth, grinding speed and grinding force were obtained from the simulation of the grinding force in the mesoscopic point of view; a grinding nephogram on the base of grinding parameters and grinding force variation diagram from the simulation of grinding force in the macroscopic angle were obtained; the research on grinding force of mesoscopic and macroscopic angles were summed to obtain correction formula of grinding force of 45^#  steel.  The result of the simulation research and the grinding force correction formula showed： Grinding force with the grinding depth increased, and the larger grinding depth was, the more obvious grinding force variation tendency was; grinding force with the grinding speed decreased, when the grinding speed exceeded a certain rate of grinding, decreasing trend of grinding force slowed down.

According to the principle of atomizing corona discharge, a cooking fume purifier was made, and the volt-ampere characteristic curve of atomization condition and non-atomization condition, purification efficiency and discharge current were studied. The results showed that the discharge current of atomizing corona discharge was higher than the non atomizing corona discharge current, either positive or negative corona discharge; it was not conducive to the purification of earthed negative corona discharge cooking fume purification weather the flow too large or too small; cooking fume purifier efficiency were decreased with the increase of wind speed under both condition; the efficiency and the discharge current of atomizing corona discharge cooking fume purifier was almost unchanged with the increase of application time, while both of them decrease under the non-atomizing corona.

A new video watermarking algorithm based on the 1D DFT (one-dimensional discrete Fourier transform) and Radon transform was proposed in this paper. The 1D DFT for a video sequence generates an ideal domain. The frames with highest frequency were chosen to embed the watermark in the Radon transform domain. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by video compression standard H.264 with three different bit rates; geometric attacks such as rotation, translation, and aspectratio; and other attacks like frame drop, frame swap, spatial filtering, noise addition, lighting were conducted. The results show that the algorithm is robust to the attack. One of the most important advantages of this video watermarking algorithm is its simplicity and practicality.

As an alternative to rational expectations, adaptive learning was widely used to build macroeconomic models. Adaptive learning could be assumed that economic agents like econometricians could use statistical or econometric models to form their own expectations. However, the accuracy of expectation was closely related to the adaptive learning algorithm. The adaptive learning literature was referred and disentangled, and based on least squares algorithm of a derived variable forgetting factor, the theoretical derivation of two common adaptive learning algorithms was proposed, in order to provide some reference for the future research.

The resource allocation was very important in DP, but it didn't take into account the order of the time for distribution object. By using the DP, the onedimensional theory of resources allocation was applied. An example was given for college student exam-time arrangement with utility theory, the process of the dynamic planning was handled and Gantt charts were demonstrated together. And the original resources allocation was of obvious practical significance.