Starch was reacted with polyethylene terephthalate polyethylene glycol (PET-PEG) copolymer using hexamethylenediisocyanate as a coupling agent in order to prepare new PET-PEG/ST copolymers. The obtained PET-PEG/ST was characterized by FTIR and 1HNMR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and the water absorption and biodegradable tests. The results show that starch was attached to PET-PEG via couple reaction in the presence of hexamethylenediisocyanate. As compared to PETPEG, PET-PEG/ST has avariable thermal stability with decreasing melting temperature. PET-PEG/ST has degraded in aqueous solution with different pH under different levels, and the degradation rate of PET-PEG/ST in aqueous solution under different pH values from big to small order as follows: alkaline solution,acidic solution,neutral solution. PET-PEG/ST also tends to degrade in biologically active environments like amylase.
Crude oil has the tendency to become heavier and inferior，and thus the processing and utilization of the residue is the major subject in oil refining industry. According to its physical properties, chemical structures and processing methods, the processes data about thermal conversion reaction, resin and asphaltene, saturate and aromatics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, desulfurization and denitrification has been summarized and analyzed, and results showed that dealkylation and condensation of resin and asphaltene would occur, and ring-opening and dealkylation reaction of saturate and aromatics would happen, and hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons went through carbonium reaction mechanism, while the denitrogenation and desulfurization of residue was based on Lewis acid base interaction.
Using the SuperSolubilization Nanometer SelfAssembly method, bulk N i - A l 2O3 catalyst is prepared with nickelnitratehexahydrate as the precursor and urea as precipitation agent, the mixture of the surfactantgather isobutylene maleic acid triethanolamine esters and petroleum hydrocarbon150SN as template agent. The N i - A l 2O3 catalysts were characterized by TEM and TPR, and reaction mechanism of precipitation was studied. The results indicate that nanosized N i - A l 2O3 bulk catalyst has a crystalline form with not only spherical shape，but also nanorod and nanometer silk, etc. Particles prepared by this method have good dispersion and uniform size, and narrow diameter distribution is observed between 10～50 nm. The N i - A l 2O3 reduced by hydrogen also has a crystalline form, and nanostructure of reduced N i - A l 2O3 is more orderly than before. Particles size after reduction is still in the nanoparticles scope. TPR results show that there are two reduction peak appeared in the structure of nanometer bulk N i - A l 2O3 catalyst,and the lowtemperature peak is NiO，high temperature reduction peak attributes to spinel structure which produced by the interaction of nickel and aluminum oxide.
he RMG380 marine fuel oil was prepared by vacuum residue, coking wax oil and ethylene tar, the oil-soluble viscosity depressant was synthesized by maleic anhydride, styrene and octadecyl acrylate(MSA). The optimized synthesis conditions are as follows: octadecyl acrylate, styrene and maleic anhydride monomer ratio 5∶1∶3, dosage of initiator 0.6%, synthetic temperature 90 ℃, reaction time 6 h. This synthesized viscosity depressant was evaluated under the concentration of 300 mg/L and shear rate of 2 000 r/min at 50 ℃, the ratio of viscosity reduction of marine fuel oil can reach 66.11%, and meet the ISO8217—2005 RMG380 viscosity requirements of marine fuel oil. Meanwhile, this viscosity depressant was suitable for different marine fuel oil, while viscosity reducing effect gradually weakened with the increase of time.
The heavy oil electric heat pipe tracing twodimensional unsteady model was established to analyze the influence and the laws of heavy oil pipeline safety shutdown time under the thickness of pipe insulation, the number of heating pipes and location parameters. The results show that in the case of a single tube with heat, when the pipe thickness was respectively 60, 70 mm, and 80 mm, corresponding security shutdown time was about 26, 30 h, and 34 h| in the case of double pipes heating, the change of the angle between the two tubes had the smaller impact on the safety shutdown time, and the safety shutdown time was about 36 h.
Buried depth of pipeline has important effects on the temperature field and thermal characteristics of soil around the pipe. Corresponding to different buried depth, the temperature field of soil around pipeline was also different. With different buried depth of pipeline, the temperature field of soil around the pipeline was simulated and calculated by using water thermal coupling model and heat transfer model. The analysis of the calculation results of two models showed that the embedded depth had certain influence on the temperature field of soil around the buried pipeline, and so do moisture migration and the water phase transition. Comparing with the temperature difference obtained by the two kinds of models in the same temperature, the results show that with different buried depth, the influence of moisture migration and the water phase change also had different influence on the soil temperature. The shallower the buried depth of pipeline was, the bigger the difference of temperature of the two models in the same place was. In order to get actual calculation results, the moisture migration and the water phase as well as water heat coupling problems in calculating should be considered.
The three dimensional model of the pipe leakage in the open ground was established and the grid refinement was made to aim at the highspeed leak areas. Using CFD commercial software FLUENT 6.3 for gas pipeline leakage process was simulated. The different wind speed, the influence of the initial velocity and leak mouth shapes (round and diamond) under the condition of leak were examined. The numerical simulation results showed that the wind speed had a great influence on jet angle on gas leak. The diffusion range increased with the diffusion height. The initial velocity had a great influence on jet height. The diffusion height increased with the initial velocity increasing. The wider range of hydrogen sulfide leak was circle leak mouth. The simulation results had certain significance for long distance natural gas pipeline leakage diffusion laws awareness and accident prevention.
Due to equipment failures, natural disasters, supply shortage and increased demand for natural gas, the natural gas pipeline network operations department needs to distribute and adjust the supply for individual user. However, operation parameters were restricted by flowing law when natural gas flowed in the process of the pipeline system, the gas supply pressure and flow rate must also meet the requirements established by users. Based on the gas pipeline operation features, user needs and service priority, natural gas pipeline network resources optimization allocation model was put forward based on the priority service of important user to optimize the resources allocation and reduce the inefficiency utilization of natural gas and negative influence of shortage of natural gas supply. It took an actual example involving 33 pipes, 35 nodes, 3 compressor stations and the various types of users and applied the model and method, calculated the optimal operation schemes of pipeline system, which provided an important basis for operation scheduling.
Gas belongs to flammable and explosive hazardous gas. When the leakage of gas occurred in limited indoor space, the serious consequences would be produced. According to the characteristics of the gas leakage diffusion, firstly Gambit was established indoor gas stove nozzle dispersion physical model. Secondly CFD fluid dynamics software FLUENT was used to simulate the diffusion process of continuous leakage. Finally comparing the diffusion results under certain temperature gradient but different moisture conditions, and monitoring the specified installation area with variety of mounting points, the aim was to optimize the installation position of the alarm. The results show that the location of distance and relative humidity of indoor air were both the key factors on affecting the alarm time. For the same mounting points, relative air humidity increasing 15% would cause delaying the time of alarm nearly 6 s| under the same air relative humidity, each time the alarm was away from the leaking mouth increasing by 1metre, alarm time would lag for 4 s.
The steam quality on the top of oil well is one of the important parameters during the thermal oil, and calculation software for the steam quality was developed by VB6.0,and the accuracy of the software was validated by experimental measurement data calculation. The impact the structural parameters (pipe diameter、the thickness of thermal insulation layer)and operating parameters(steam temperature、steam pressure and pipe inlet steam flow) of the steam quality and its change rule were analyzed systematically. Research results show that the steam quality on the top of oil well increased with the increment of the thickness of thermal insulation layer and pipe inlet steam flow and decreased with the increased of the pipe diameter、steam temperature and steam pressure. The thickness of thermal insulation layer was of the greatest impact among such factors, when the thickness of thermal insulation layer was greater than 60 mm and less than 80 mm, and each time the thickness of thermal insulation layer increased 20 mm, the steam quality increased 0120%.
In order to study the macromorphology of the chip under different milling conditions, high speed milling of single factor experiment was designed. The milling parameters were obtained by single factor experiment on the influence of milling force, and the chip macro morphology from the change of milling speed was analyzed. Milling for chip after milling was inlayed, polished and corroded and obtained the metallographic microstructure pictures, and the chip morphology parameters were measured by using Digimizer software. The influence of milling speed was researched on the sawtooth degree and the sawtooth pitch. Through the microstructure pictures ,the chip substrate and the organization change of adiabatic shear band material under different milling parameters were analyzed, and obtained the formation mechanism of serrated chip.
Hydraulic manifold block is an important component of the hydraulic system. When drilling and milling machine was at work,hydraulic manifold block calorific value was large and temperature rise was huge so as to cause the hydraulic system great energy loss. And the numerical simulation was used for hydraulic manifold block internal pore by applying for ANSYS software FLOTRAN CFD module. The results showed the relationship between the internal pore structure parameters and partial pressure loss. While hydraulic manifold block internal channels were as the objective of study, the regime of flow inside pore was simulated and the partial pressure great loss of manifold blocks for structural optimization was analyzed. The results show that reasonable pore structure could reduce the hydraulic system pressure loss to improve the hydraulic system efficiency.
Based on the risk of steam injection boiler, and contingency and uncertainty of each basic events , the triangular fuzzy number was used to show the probability of events, then get the top event probability. Combined with the fault tree analysis and fuzzy mathematics, through the fuzzy operation, the interval value of failure probability of hazards of steam injection boiler was obtained, and the fuzzy importance degree, sequence and main factors were determined. Drawing a fault tree based on various risk factors, using the method of minimal cut sets and Boolean algebra method, the boiler burst pathway tubes were showed, and fuzzy probability causing the accident was arrived. The causes of the accidents were analyzed, and protective measures of the steam injection boiler were proposed.
Considering the premature convergence problem in the conventional quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm, an improved method based on boundary control was proposed and was applied in finite impulse response (FIR) filter design with frequency sampling method. The specific implementation steps of the improved algorithm were presented. In contrast with look-up table method and QPSO algorithm, the simulation results of FIR low pass and band pass filter verified that the improved method could rapidly and effectively find the optimal sample value in the frequency sampling, and the pass band ripple became small and the minimum stop band attenuation became large. The efficiency of the improved QPSO algorithm was verified.
A new asymmetric public key digital watermarking algorithm for still images was presented. The private key was embedded into the watermark, the public key was used to decrypt and detect. The results show that the attacker removed watermark without adequate information of the public key and private key. The image would be geometric deformation, and could obtain information of attacks from the image geometric distortion.
There are many types of characters, and each type of character has a variety of fonts. The traditional character recognition methods can not make full use of the features of the character itself. Therefore, only one type of character can be recognized and the recognition effect is not ideal. A kind of character recognition method was presented based on repeated character feature extraction and BP neural network. The proposed method extracted more features of the character itself for a single character image, and the character recognition system by taking advantage of the BP neural network selflearning characteristic was designed. Finally, the recognition process simulation with VC programming was completed. The VC simulation showed that the proposed method could recognize many types of characters, the recognition rate was high and the recognition time was short.
With increasingly intensified competition in the education and training industry, how to exist in the competition for new training enterprises has become a problem which they should face. During the period of education and training industry entrepreneurship, the important management elements were provided. The education training industry took Ordos for example, through the research and visit to the local education training institutions, the relative data were concluded and analyzed, and the key factors on the influencing local education training were drawn in the success of the business enterprise. And the countermeasures and suggestions in concrete implementation process were proposed.
Taking 67 Ashare listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen in the mining industry as samples, the empirical analysis of sample companies social responsibility and corporate performance was done from 2010 to 2012. The conclusions show that a linear relationship between the mining industry social responsibility and corporate performance| the relationship was significantly positive among creditors responsibility, shareholder responsibility, national responsibility and corporate performance| and the relationship was relevant among employee responsibility, social responsibility, environmental responsibility and corporate performance.
