Abstract: Crude oil has the tendency to become heavier and inferior，and thus the processing and utilization of the residue is the major subject in oil refining industry. According to its physical properties, chemical structures and processing methods, the processes data about thermal conversion reaction, resin and asphaltene, saturate and aromatics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, desulfurization and denitrification has been summarized and analyzed, and results showed that dealkylation and condensation of resin and asphaltene would occur, and ring-opening and dealkylation reaction of saturate and aromatics would happen, and hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons went through carbonium reaction mechanism, while the denitrogenation and desulfurization of residue was based on Lewis acid base interaction.

Key words: Residue, Resin and asphaltene, Saturate, Aromatics, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Desulfurization and denitrification

摘要：  原油重质化和劣质化是世界原油的发展趋势, 因此渣油的加工和利用是石油炼制工业研究的主要课题。综合大量研究信息, 根据渣油的物理体系、 化学结构和渣油的加工方式, 归纳并分析了渣油热转化, 渣油中的胶质和沥青质、 饱和分和芳香分、 多环芳烃的反应过程及渣油的脱硫脱氮的反应过程。结果表明, 胶质和沥青质发生断烷基侧链及缩合反应, 饱和分与芳香分发生开环和断链反应, 多环芳烃加氢遵循正碳机理, 渣油的脱氮脱硫反应遵循L e w i s酸碱理论。

关键词: 渣油, 胶质沥青质, 饱和分, 芳香分, 多环芳烃, 脱硫脱氮