Simple Synthesis and Performance Control of Carbon⁃Based Magnetic Nickel Doped Composite Absorbing Materials Derived from Coconut Shell

doi:10.12422/j.issn.1672-6952.2026.02.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Electromagnetic wave absorbing materials can dissipate energy by converting electromagnetic energy into thermal energy. Therefore, they are widely used in communication and military fields. Due to the environmental pollution and high costs associated with chemically synthetic composite materials,biomass⁃derived carbon materials have emerged as a prominent research focus.Given the intrinsic adsorption capacity of carbon, coconut shell biomass was selected as a precursor. A carbon/nickel composite absorbing material, designated as CE/Ni⁃x (where x denotes the immersion time in hours), was successfully synthesized via an in⁃situ growth and high⁃temperature reduction method with varying mass fractions of nickel oxide.The composite absorbing material was characterized and tested using an X⁃ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and vector network analyzer.The results show that CE/Ni⁃7 exhibits absorption characteristics in both high⁃ and low⁃frequency bands, with a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value of -30.05 dB.Furthermore, by adjusting the immersion time, effective absorption can be achieved in the 2.7-18.0 GHz frequency band (reflection loss lower than -10 dB). This research demonstrates a viable route for the low⁃cost, controllable synthesis of dual⁃band (low frequency/ high frequency) electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.

Key words: Biomass?derived absorbing material, Nickel, Bandwidth control, Impedance matching regulation

摘要：

电磁波吸收材料可通过将电磁能转化为热能实现能量的耗散，因此广泛应用于通信和军事等领域。由于化学合成复合材料存在环境污染和成本高等问题，生物质碳材料的研究成为热点。碳具有天然吸附功能，因此以生物质椰子壳为原料，通过原位生长⁃高温还原法，掺杂不同质量分数的氧化镍，成功合成了碳/镍复合吸波材料（CE/Ni⁃x，其中x表示浸泡时间为x h）；采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、矢量网络分析仪，对复合吸波材料进行了表征及测试。结果表明，CE/Ni⁃7在双频带（高频/低频）均表现出吸收特性，最小反射损耗（RLmin）可达－30.05 dB；通过调控浸渍时间，可在2.7～18.0 GHz频段实现有效吸收（反射损耗低于－10 dB）。本研究可为双频段（低频/高频）电磁波吸收材料的低成本可控合成提供参考。

关键词: 生物质吸波材料, 镍, 带宽调控, 阻抗匹配调控

CLC Number:

TB34

Jiapeng CHEN, Chunhua TIAN, Jun QUAN, Simin CHENG, Ruitao JIANG, Shilin CHEN. Simple Synthesis and Performance Control of Carbon⁃Based Magnetic Nickel Doped Composite Absorbing Materials Derived from Coconut Shell[J]. Journal of Liaoning Petrochemical University, 2026, 46(2): 40-48.

陈家鹏, 田春华, 全军, 成思敏, 江瑞涛, 陈诗林. 椰子壳衍生碳基磁性金属镍掺杂复合吸波材料的简易合成与性能调控[J]. 辽宁石油化工大学学报, 2026, 46(2): 40-48.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the preparation process of CE/Ni?x

Fig.2 The XRD patterns of samples CE, CE/Ni?2, and CE/Ni?7

Fig.3 SEM images of samples CE, CE/Ni?2, and CE/Ni?7

Fig.4 The electromagnetic parameters of samples CE, CE/Ni?2, and CE/Ni?7

Fig.5 The Cole?Cole plots of samples CE, CE/Ni?2, and CE/Ni?7

Fig.6 The attenuation constants of samples CE, CE/Ni?2, and CE/Ni?7

Fig.7 The eddy current coefficients of samples CE,CE/Ni?2, and CE/Ni?7

Fig.8 The impedance matching degrees of the samples CE, CE/Ni?2, and CE/Ni?7

Fig.9 The reflection loss graphs of samples CE, CE/Ni?2, and CE/Ni?7

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